View source for Phnom Prich Wildlife Sanctuary

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[[Asia]] > [[Cambodia]] > [[Phnom Prich Wildlife Sanctuary]]

= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
* Yellow-cheeked crested gibbons (''Nomascus gabriellae'') are present in Phnom Prich Wildlife Sanctuary.
* It has been estimated that 149 (CI: 15-273) groups occur in the site.
* The gibbon population trend is unknown.
* The site has a total size of 2,225 km².
* Key threats to gibbon are gold mining and logging.
* Conservation activities are not documented.

= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->

Phnom Prich Wildlife Sanctuary (PPWS) is located in the west of Mondulkiri Province, northeastern Cambodia. The site was first designated as a forest reserve by King Sihanouk in 1962 to protect the wild bovine species, Kouprey Bos sauveli. In 1993 the site was designated as a wildlife sanctuary (Channa & Gray 2009). PPWS covers 2,225, more than 15% of the total area of Mondulkiri province. The area is characterised by higher elevation and relief in the southeastern Laoka Hills portion, and lowlands in most of the sanctuary (Channa & Gray 2009). The forest in PPWS is part of one of the largest relatively pristine landscapes in mainland Southeast Asia, comprising a mosaic of dry dipterocarp forest and woodland, evergreen forest and semi-evergreen forest (Channa & Gray 2009). Although the flora and fauna of PPWS have not been adequately studied the site appears to contain populations of a number of species of global conservation concern, including Banteng ''Bos javanicus'', Jungle Cat ''Felis chaus'', Giant Ibis ''Thaumatibis gigantea'' and White-shouldered Ibis ''Pseudibis davi- soni'', ''Gyps'' vulture spp. and Siamese Crocodile ''Crocodylus siamensis'' (Channa & Gray 2009). An unknown number of Indochinese Tiger ''Panthera tigris corbetti'' are also present at the site (Channa & Gray 2009).

'''Table 1. Basic site information for Phnom Prich Wildlife Sanctuary'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
|2,225 km²
|-
|Coordinates
|12.758251 N, 106.865597 E
|-
|Designation
|Wildlife Sanctuary
|-
|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
|Subtropical/tropical dry forest
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]

= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->

Based on a survey in 2008, 149 (95% CI range: 15-273) gibbon groups inhabit PPWS. This includes 89 groups in semi-evergreen forest; 18 groups in riparian semi-evergreen forest; 36 groups in evergreen forest and 6 groups in riparian evergreen forests (Channa & Gray 2009). Assuming an average group size of 4 individuals and ignoring non-mated individuals, the population estimate for the site is approximately 600 individuals (Channa & Gray 2009).

'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Phnom Prich Wildlife Sanctuary'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
! Species
! Year
! Total number indiv. (95% CI)
! Total number groups (95% CI)
! Density [groups/km²] (95% CI)
! Area
! Method
! Source
! Comments
! A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|''Nomascus gabriellae''
|2008
|
|149 (15-273)
|0.12-0.19
|Phnom Prich Wildlife Sanctuary, entire area
|Fixed-point triangulation
|Channa & Gray 2009
|
|
|}

= Threats =     <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->

Key threats to yellow-cheeked crested gibbons within PPWS appear to be habitat loss and degradation caused by legal and illegal extractive activities, primarily gold mining and selective logging (Channa & Gray 2009). In addition, habitat degradation associated with gold mining includes harvesting of wood, for fuel in mineral processing and for the construction of stairs and supports for underground mines (Channa et al. 2009). Survey teams in 2008 recorded evidence of illegal logging and associated infrastructure in the reserve. Most loggers appeared to be from outside Mondulkiri, and targeted ''Afzelia xylocarpa'', a globally threatened and valuable tree species (Channa et al. 2009).

'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Phnom Prich Wildlife Sanctuary'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of threat <!--  Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|1.1 Housing & urban areas
|High
|
|Semi-permanent settlement within the boundaries of the site including temples, schools and karaoke parlours developed adjacent to a gold mine (Channa & Gray 2009).
|Ongoing (2009)
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|3.2 Mining & quarrying
|High
|
|Gold mining and associated activities, e.g., wood harvesting and illegal settlement (Channa & Gray 2009).
|Ongoing (2009)
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
|High
|
|Selective logging and harvesting wood for fuel and construction material (Channa & Gray 2009).
|Ongoing (2009)
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|10. Geological Events
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
| 11. Climate change & severe weather
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|12. Other options
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]

= Conservation activities =       <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->

'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Phnom Prich Wildlife Sanctuary'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|10. Education & Awareness 
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|11. Habitat Protection
|11.2. Legally protect primate habitat
|The site is designated as a wildlife reserve (Channa & Gray 2009).
|Ongoing (2009)
|-
|12. Species Management
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives 
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|}
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]

= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->

'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Phnom Prich Wildlife Sanctuary'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
|-
|Not reported
|
|-
|}

= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->

===Documented behaviours===   <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->

'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Phnom Prich Wildlife Sanctuary'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
!align="left"|Behavior
!Source
|-
|Not reported
|
|-
|}

=External links=

===Relevant datasets===
[http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal]

= References =
Channa, P., & Gray, T. (2009). The status and habitat of yellow-cheeked crested gibbon Nomascus gabriellae in Phnom Prich Wildlife Sanctuary, Mondulkiri. Phnom Penh: WWF Greater Mekong-Cambodia Country Programme. <br>

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'''Page completed by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki team''' Date:''' 21/01/2022 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->