View source for Republic of Guinea Nationwide

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[[West Africa]] > [[Republic of Guinea]] > [[Republic of Guinea Nationwide]]

= Summary =  <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->

* Western chimpanzees ([https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15935/17989872 ''Pan troglodytes verus'']) are present in the Republic of Guinea. 
* It has been estimated that 33,139 (CI: 8,796-68,203) individuals occur in the Republic of Guinea. 
* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown. 
* This site has a total size of 246,427 km². 
* Key threats to chimpanzees are habitat loss and hunting. 
* The following conservation activities were implemented at the national level: uncovering illegal trade in wildlife and strengthening law enforcement.
* Guinea harbors the largest remaining population of western chimpanzees. 


= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->

The Republic of Guinea is a coastal West African country that shares borders with Guinea-Bissau, Senegal, Mali, Côte d’Ivoire, Liberia and Sierra Leone. It has a total land area of 246,427 km² (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2019). Guinea has a population of 11,855,411, approximately 90% of them Muslim (July 2018, CIA World Factbook 2019). Based on topographic features four natural regions are being distinguished in Guinea: (i) Guinée Maritime or Basse-Guinée, in western Guinea, at the coast characterized by lowland plains and savanna ecosystems, (ii) Moyenne Guinée in the north-east dominated by the Fouta Djallon highlands with steep areas, savanna ecosystems and gallery forests, (iii) Haute Guinée in the east characterized by savanna plains, and (iv) Guinée Forestière in the south-east with some remaining rainforests and mountainous areas (Kormos et al. 2003). Guineas highest peak is Mout Nimba with an elevation of 1,752 m (CIA World Factbook 2019). Guinea features a diversity of habitat types from montane and lowland moist forests to dry savannas. Agricultural areas are also widespread. Due to the mountainous terrain many rivers have their source in Guinea (Kormos et al. 2003). Guinea has a high biodiversity including, leopard (''Panthera pardus''), lion (''Panthera leo''), hippopotamus (''Hippopotamus amphibius''), forest elephant (''Loxodonta africana''), the Micropotamogale of Mount Nimba (''Micropotamogale lamottei'', a shrew), the viviparous toad of Mount Nimba (''Nimbaphrynoides occidentalis''), and many primate species, such as Campbell’s guenon (''Cercopithecus campbelli campbelli''), Demidoff ’s galago (''Galagoides demidoff''), diana monkey (''Cercopithecus diana''), greater spot-nosed guenon (''Cercopithecus nicitans''), Guinea baboons (''Papio papio''), patas monkey (''Erythrocebus patas''), potto (''Perodicticus potto''), spot-nosed monkey (''Cercopithecus petaurista''), sooty mangabey (''Cercocebus atys atys''), and western red colobus (''Piliocolobus badius''). Guinea has designated two National Parks: Haut Niger and Badiar. Moyen Bafing National Park is in the final stages of designation. In addition, there is the high-level protected area ‘Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve’ and several classified forests.


'''Table 1: Basic site information for the Republic of Guinea'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
|Area             <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha    -->
|246,427 km²
|-
|Coordinates
|10.84 N, -10.94 W
|-
|Designation      <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc.   -->
|Not applicable
|-
|Habitat types    <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (Without number), see link below -->
|Arable land, dry savanna, marshes, moist savanna, permanent freshwater marshes/pools, permanent rivers, plantations, subtropical/tropical dry forest, subtropical/tropical dry shrubland, subtropical/tropical heavily degraded former forest, subtropical/tropical high altitude grassland, subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical/tropical moist montane forest
|}
[http://www.unitar.org/hiroshima/sites/unitar.org.hiroshima/files/Annex%201%20-%20IUCN%20Classification%20Schemes.pdf IUCN habitat categories]   [[Site designations]]
<br>

= Ape status =  <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->

Guinea harbors the largest remaining population of western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus''). Sugiyama and Soumah conducted the first nationwide survey in Guinea by sending questionnaires to officers of the provincial governments, and concluded that only a few thousand chimpanzees remain (1988). A follow-up survey based on questionnaire, reconnaissance and transect surveys concluded that the chimpanzee population in Guinea was much larger with up to 23,000 individuals (Ham 1998). More recently the [http://www.wildchimps.org  Wild Chimpanzee Foundation] conducted transect surveys at 10 sites including a large-scale systematic survey across the Fouta Djallon Bafing Area and estimated that at least 18,000 western chimpanzees remain (WCF 2012). Based on the modelled density distribution of western chimpanzees across their geographic range Heinicke et al. (2019) estimated 33,139 (CI: 8,796-68,203) individuals in Guinea, with highest population densities in the Fouta Djallon (Heinicke et al. 2019, WCF 2012). 


'''Table 2: Great ape population estimates in the Republic of Guinea'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
! Species
! Year
! Abundance estimate (95% confidence interval)
! Density estimate (per km²)
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
! Area
! Method
! Source
! Comments
! A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|1988
|1,420–6,625
|
|
|Nationwide
|Interview method
|Sugiyama & Soumah 1988
|Questionnaire survey
|
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|1995-1997
|11,949-23,123
|
|
|Nationwide
|Interview method
|Ham 1998 as cited in Kormos et al. 2003
|Questionnaire survey
|
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|2009-2011
|18,815 (8,581-42,156)
|
|
|10 surveyed sites  
|Line transects (Distance)
|WCF 2012
|
|
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|2015
|33,139 (8,796-68,203)
|
|
|Nationwide
|density distribution predicted using models and transect survey data
|Heinicke et al. 2019
|
|
|}

= Threats =     <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->

The most prevalent threats to chimpanzees across Guinea are habitat loss, caused by logging or fires, and hunting (Kormos et al. 2003, WCF 2012). Agricultural activities are also widespread (Kormos et al. 2003, WCF 2012). With Guinea being the largest exporter of bauxite, the increasing development of mining operations is likely to put more pressure on remaining chimpanzee habitat, as is the further development of hydropower plants. 



= Conservation activities =       <!-- a text overview of conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->

In 2012 the NGO WARA started the GALF project [http://www.eagle-enforcement.org/guinea/ Guinée-Application de la Loi Faunique] focused on uncovering illegal trade in wildlife and strengthening law enforcement in collaboration with the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MEEF), the Ministry of State for Justice, and the National Central Bureau of INTERPOL. Since its launch 20 chimpanzees have been rescued (GALF WARA 2019). Currently, a new conservation action plan for western chimpanzees In Guinea is in the process of being completed (as of September 2019).


'''Table 4: Conservation activities in the Republic of Guinea'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
!Specific activity    <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
!Description         <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
!Year of activity         <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5.15. Implement monitoring surveillance strategies (e.g. SMART) or use monitoring data to improve effectiveness of wildlife law enforcement patrols
|Uncover illegal trade in wildlife and strengthen law enforcement (GALF WARA 2019)
|Since 2012
|-
|6. Human intrusions & disturbance
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|10. Education & Awareness 
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|11. Habitat Protection
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|12. Species Management
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives 
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|}
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]

= Impediments = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->

Reviews of the management effectiveness of several protected areas in Guinea consistently listed lack of funding, capacity and training, and lack of technical means as impediments to conservation.


'''Table 5: Impediments reported for the Republic of Guinea'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="impediments-table"
!align="left"|Impediment  <!-- Do not change categories -->
!Source   <!-- source for impediment mentioned -->
|-
|Lack of capacity/ training
|McCullough 2004, METT 2009b, UNESCO 2018a, UNESCO 2018b, METT 2009d
|-
|Lack of financial means
|METT 2009a, METT 2009b, METT 2009c, UNESCO 2018a, UNESCO 2018b, METT 2009d
|-
|Lack of technical means
|METT 2009a, METT 2009b, METT 2009c, UNESCO 2018a, METT 2009d
|}

= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->

Nationwide surveys of chimpanzee status and distribution have been conducted by Sugiyama and Soumah (1988), Ham (1998) and WCF (2012). In addition, research has and is being done at various research sites including Bossou, Haut Niger, Moyen Bafing, and Seringbara (see sites for details). 



===Relevant datasets===
[http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal]

<br>

= References =
CIA World Factbook. 2019. Guinea. [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gv.html  CIA World Factbook Guinea]<br>
GALF WARA. 2019. GALF [http://www.eagle-enforcement.org/guinea/ EAGLE website]<br>
Ham R. 1998. Nationwide chimpanzee census and large mammal survey Republic of Guinea<br>
Heinicke et al. 2019. Advancing conservation planning for western chimpanzees using IUCN SSC A.P.E.S. – the case of a taxon-specific database. Environmental Research Letters, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab1379<br>
Kormos R et al. 2003. The Republic of Guinea, in Kormos, R. Boesch, C., Bakarr, M.I. & Butynski, T.M. [eds.] Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan, IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK<br>
McCullough J. 2004. A Rapid Biological Assessment of the Forêt Classée du Pic de Fon, Simandou Range, Southeastern Republic of Guinea. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment 35. Conservation International, Washington, DC.<br>
METT. 2009a. Management Effectiveness Evaluations – Parc National du Badiar. Online: [https://papaco.org/guinea/  papaco.org]<br>
METT. 2009b. Management Effectiveness Evaluations – Parc National du Haut Niger. Online: [https://papaco.org/guinea/  papaco.org]<br>
METT. 2009c. Management Effectiveness Evaluations – Reserve de faune de Kankan et parc Diwasi. Online: [https://papaco.org/guinea/  papaco.org]<br>
METT. 2009d. Management Effectiveness Evaluations – Forêt Classée de Ziama. Online: [https://papaco.org/guinea/  papaco.org]<br>
Sugiyama Y, Soumah AG. 1988. Preliminary Survey of the Distribution and Population of Chimpanzees in the Republic of Guinea. Primates, 29(4):569-574<br>
UNEP-WCMC, IUCN. 2019. Protected Planet: The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA), Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN Online: [https://www.protectedplanet.net/country/GN   www.protectedplanet.net]<br>
UNESCO. 2018a. Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve. Online: [http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/155    whc.unesco.org]<br>
UNESCO. 2018b. State of Conservation - Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve. Online: [http://whc.unesco.org/en/soc/3810    whc.unesco.org/soc]<br>
 

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'''Page completed by:''' A.P.E.S. Wiki Team '''Date:''' 05/09/2019  <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
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