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[[Central Africa]] > [[Cameroon]] > [[UFA 10-063_ZICGC3]]

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__TOC__
= Summary =

<div style="float: right">{{#display_map: height=190px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap|2.235082, 15.614917~[[UFA 10-063_ZICGC3]]~'Pan troglodytes troglodytes'', ''Gorilla gorilla gorilla''}}</div>












= Site characteristics =

Endangered Species

African Forest Elephant: With an estimated population of 3,518, the park is a critical refuge for these elephants, threatened by poaching and habitat loss.

Western Lowland Gorilla: Gorillas make up 83.51% of the weaned ape population, contributing significantly to the park's biodiversity despite ongoing threats like poaching.

Bongo: These elusive forest antelopes play a crucial ecological role but face hunting pressures in areas outside the park.

Pangolins: Lobeke is home to three pangolin species, including the abundant but critically endangered giant pangolin, heavily targeted by illegal wildlife trade.

Duikers: Essential for seed dispersal and forest regeneration, their populations are concentrated in protected areas due to hunting.

Historical Background

The park is historically tied to indigenous communities who rely on its resources and have a deep cultural connection to the land. Its establishment reflects efforts to balance conservation with the traditional lifestyles of local populations.

Lobeke NP serves as a haven for endangered species while preserving its cultural and ecological heritage.

'''Table 1. Basic site information for UFA 10-063_ZICGC3'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Site_characteristics-table"
|Species
|'Pan troglodytes troglodytes'', ''Gorilla gorilla gorilla''
|-
|Area
|838.18 km²
|-
|Coordinates
|Lat: 2.235082 , Lon:  15.614917
|-
|Type of site
|Logging concession and community managed hunting interest zone
|-
|Habitat types
|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, Subtropical/tropical swamp forest
|-
|Type of governance
|Governance by indigenous peoples and local communities
|}

[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]] 
= Ape status =



'''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for UFA 10-063_ZICGC3'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Ape_status-table"
!Species
!Year
!Occurrence
!Encounter or vistation rate (nests/km; ind/day)
!Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
!Abundance estimate (95% CI)
!Survey area
!Sampling method
!Analytical framework
!Source
!Comments
!A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|'Gorilla gorilla gorilla''
|2015
|
|3.37 ± 1.38
|2.10 (1.39-3.21)
|21.24
|UFA 10-063_ZICGC3 (83.21 km²)
|Line transects
|Distance sampling with adopted decay time
|WWF Cameroon
|
|
|-
|'Pan troglodytes troglodytes''
|2015
|
|0.39 ± 0.28
|
|
|UFA 10-063_ZICGC3 (83.21 km²)
|Line transects
|Distance sampling with adopted decay time
|WWF Cameroon
|
|
|-
|'Gorilla gorilla gorilla''
|2018
|
|3.37 ± 1.38
|1.50 (0.92-2.43)
|24.7
|UFA 10-063_ZICGC3 (83.21 km²)
|Line transects
|Distance sampling with adopted decay time
|WWF Cameroon
|The ape concentration zones remained more or less the same between 2015 and 2018.
|
|-
|'Pan troglodytes troglodytes''
|2018
|
|0.39 ± 0.28
|
|
|UFA 10-063_ZICGC3 (83.21 km²)
|Line transects
|Distance sampling with adopted decay time
|WWF Cameroon
|
|
|}

= Threats =



'''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for UFA 10-063_ZICGC3'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Threats-table"
!Category
!Specific threats
!Threat level
!Description
!Year of threat
|-
|5 Biological resource use
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
|High (more than 70% of population affected)
|The presence of human activities, such as logging,  threatens the integrity of forest habitats of the Lobeke landscape (Beukou et al. 2019).
|2015-Ongoing (2018)
|-
|3 Energy production & mining
|3.2 Mining & quarrying
|High (more than 70% of population affected)
|Mining on the periphery of the park destroys or disturbs the natural wildlife habitats (Beukou et al. 2019).
|2002-Ongoing (2018)
|-
|5 Biological resource use
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
|High (more than 70% of population affected)
|The great apes population, 83.51% gorilla, increased not significantly in the study area between 2015 and 2018 due to the fact that they are not among the main poaching targets in the Lobeke landscape elaphants are the main targets for Ivory collection (Beukou et al. 2019).
|2018-Ongoing
|-
|6 Human intrusions & disturbance
|6.3 Other human disturbances
|High (more than 70% of population affected)
|The illegal circulation of war weapons 

in the TNS landscape intensifies the high poaching of elephants for ivory trade as well as gorilla and chimpanzees although elephants remain the main target during this survey years. More over, traps, cartridge cases, camp sites are present pose threats to this site (Beukou et al. 2019).
|2002-Ongoing (2018) (2018)
|-
|5 Biological resource use
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
|Medium (30-70% of population affected)
|Presence of sport hunting on the periphery of the park does not respect sustainable management principles (Beukou et al. 2019).
|2002-Ongoing (2018)
|-
|5 Biological resource use
|5.3.2 Commercial logging
|Present (unknown severity)
|Logging on the periphery of the park, which destroys and disturbs natural wildlife habitats. 

Four years have passed since the last wildlife inventory was carried out in 2014/2015, and it was therefore important to update the data on the dynamics of wildlife in the area. 

update the data on the dynamics of animal populations and human pressures in the TNS Cameroon Landscape. A wildlife inventory using the distance sampling method based on linear transects was therefore carried out. 

transects was therefore carried out from August to November 2018 (Beukou et al. 2019).
|Ongoing (2018)
|-
|4 Transportation & service corridors
|4.1 Roads & railroads
|Present (unknown severity)
|Presence of roads and railroads around the periphery zone (UFA10-063_ZICGC3) of the Lobeke NP (Beukou et al. 2019).
|Ongoing (2018)
|}

[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list] 
= Conservation activities =



'''Table 4. Conservation activities reported for UFA 10-063_ZICGC3'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Conservation_activities-table"
!Category
!Specific activity
!Description
!Implementing organization(s)
!Year of activity
|-
|2 Counter-wildlife crime
|2.3 Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols
|During data collection, teams led by eco-guards assisted by military personnel consistently covered the study area. resulting in the seizure of 14 weapons (13 12-gauge & 01 AK47), 211 rounds of AKA 47 ammunition and more than 2,500 steel wire booby traps dismantled. Although the principal objectif was not to combat poaching. A significant number of seizures of poaching materials were also recorded during the reconnaissance walks carried out in 2016 in Lobeke NP and its peripheral zone (UFA10-063_ZICGC3)  in 201.
|WWF Cameroon Country Program and Lobeke National Park Conservation Office
|2015-Ongoing (2018)
|}

[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]] 
= Challenges =



'''Table 5. Challenges reported for UFA 10-063_ZICGC3'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Challenges-table"
!Challenges
!Specific challenges
!Source
!Year(s)
|-
|2 Resources and capacity
|2.6 Lack of biomonitoring/survey data
|Beukou et al. 2019
|2000-Ongoing (2018)
|-
|2 Resources and capacity
|2.2 Lack of staff
|Beukou et al. 2019
|2015-Ongoing (2018)
|-
|3 Engaged community
|3.1 General lack of community engagement or support
|Beukou et al. 2019
|2015-Ongoing (2018)
|-
|3 Engaged community
|3.2 Lack of youth engagement
|Beukou et al. 2019
|2015-Ongoing (2018)
|-
|6 Safety and stability
|6.2 Insecurity
|Beukou et al. 2019
|2015-Ongoing (2018)
|}

= Enablers =



'''Table 6. Enablers reported for UFA 10-063_ZICGC3'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="enabler-table"
!Enablers
!Specific enablers
!Source
!Year(s)
|-
|2 Resources and capacity
|2.6 External partnerships that add expertise or resources
|Beukou et al. 2019
|2015-Ongoing (2018)
|-
|1 Site management
|1.3 Adaptive management practices
|Beukou et al. 2019
|2015-Ongoing (2018)
|}

= Research activities =

Research activities in UFA 10-063/ZICGC 3 have focused primarily on the abundance, distribution, and habitat usage of great apes, including gorillas and chimpanzees, in the context of human impact and conservation strategies. 

Population Density and Habitat Use: Studies estimate a density of 1.51 gorillas per km² and 0.32 chimpanzees per km² in 2015, highlighting the area as a critical habitat for these species despite ongoing threats such as habitat fragmentation and hunting pressures (Beukou et al., 2019).

Indicators of Anthropogenic Impact: Data collected through transects have recorded signs of human activities affecting species distribution, with notable declines in density compared to nearby protected areas like Lobeke National Park.

Long-Term Monitoring of Great Apes: The methodologies included systematic surveys of nesting sites to assess gorilla and chimpanzee population trends over time. These efforts are essential for identifying areas most affected by human activities and guiding conservation planning.

These studies underline the ecological significance of UFA 10-063/ZICGC 3 as a vital conservation area for great apes and its role in regional biodiversity strategies.

= Documented behaviours =



'''Table 7. Behaviours documented for UFA 10-063_ZICGC3'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviours-table"
!Behavior
!Source
|-
|Nest-building practices
|Nzooh Dongmo et al. 2015
|-
|Defecation behaviors
|Beukou et al. 2019
|-
|Vocalisation behaviors
|Beukou et al. 2019
|-
|Feeding behaviors
|Beukou et al. 2019
|}

= Exposure to climate change impacts =



= External links =



= Relevant datasets =



= References =

Beukou B., Sombambo M., Nzooh Z., N’Goran K.P., Hessana D., Sebogo L. & Mengamenya A. (2019). Population dynamics of large and medium-sized mammals in the Cameroon segment of the Sangha Tri-National Landscape.  MINFOF-WWF, Technical Report.                                                 Buckland, S. T., D. R. Anderson, K. P. Burnham, J. L. Laake, D. L. Borchers, and L. Thomas 2001. Introduction to Distance Sampling: Estimating abundance of biological populations. Oxford University Press, Oxford.                                                                                                                    

Nzooh Dongmo, Z.L., N’Goran, K.P., Fondja, C and Nkono, J. 2015. Evaluation de la dynamique des populations de grands et moyens mammifères dans le domaine forestier permanent de l’Unité Technique Opérationnelle Campo Ma’an. Rapport Technique MINFOF-WWF, 103 p.



'''Page created by: '''Onella Mundi''' Date:''' 2024-11-25 10:07:00