Difference between revisions of "Cross River National Park"

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[[West Africa]] > [[Nigeria]] > [[Cross River National Park]]
  
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[[Region]] > [[Country]] > [[Site]]
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= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
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* Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes ellioti'') & Cross river gorillas (''Gorilla gorilla diehli'') are present in Cross River National Park.
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= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->
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* The population sizes are unknown.
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* The population trends are unknown.
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* Ape taxa present  
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* The site has a total size of 4,000 km².
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* Ape population size
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* Illegal logging and hunting are the most important threats to great apes in the park.
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* Ape population trend
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* Conservation activities have not been documented.
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* This site has a total size of XX km².
 
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* Key threats to apes are ...
 
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* Additional information
 
  
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= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
  
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= Site characteristics =
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Situated in southeast Nigeria, Cross River National Park (CRNP) was established in 1991 and is divided into two sections: the smaller Okwangwo Division (1,000 sq. km), and the larger Oban Division(3,000 sq. km). The sections are separated by about 50 km of disturbed forest (BirdLife International 2020). Over 350 species have been observed in the park, which is one of the most ornithologically diverse sites in Nigeria and is designated as an Important Bird Area (BirdLife International 2020). The Okwanwgo section is adjacent to Takamanda National Park in Cameroon; together they represent the most important area for the critically endangered Cross River Gorilla ([https://nigeria.wcs.org/wild-places/cross-river-np-okwangwo.aspx WCS]). Oban is contiguous with Korup National Park in Cameroon, and it is an important watershed, draining into the Cross river in the northern part, and Calabar, Kwa, and Korup rivers in the south (BirdLife International 2020). A total of 1,303 flowering plants, 141 lichens, and 56 moss species have so far been documented in Oban, making it remarkably rich in floral diversity. Both sections of CRNP are home to several mammal species, including forest elephants (''Loxodonta africana cyclotis''), Preuss's red colobus (''Procolobus preussi''), mandrills (''Mandrillus leucophaeus''), leopards (''Panthera pardus''), and Sclater's guenon (''Cercopithecus sclateri''), a Nigerian endemic (BirdLife International 2020). The contiguous Oban-Korup forest is famous for its rich butterfly diversity ([https://nigeria.wcs.org/wild-places/cross-river-np-oban.aspx WCS]).
  
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'''Table 1. Basic site information for Cross River National Park'''
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This section includes a paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, a brief history of the site and on animals and plants that are known to occur at the site.
 
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'''Table 1: Basic site information for XXXX'''
 
 
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| Area             <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha   -->
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| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
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|4,000 km²
 
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| Coordinates
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|Coordinates
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|5.579848 N, 8.748074 E
 
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| Designation     <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc.  -->
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|Designation
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|National Park
 
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|Habitat types   <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (Without number), see link below -->
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|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
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|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical//tropical moist montane forest, permanent rivers, subtropical/tropical heavily degraded former forest
 
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[http://www.unitar.org/hiroshima/sites/unitar.org.hiroshima/files/Annex%201%20-%20IUCN%20Classification%20Schemes.pdf IUCN habitat categories]   [[Site designations]]
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[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
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<br>
 
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= Ape status =  <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
 
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= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
  
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This section includes a brief summary of the survey history, the most recent abundance estimate, date of the estimate, and, if available, the population trend (if explicitely stated in a report/paper).
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'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Cross River National Park'''
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'''Table 2: Ape population estimates in XXXX'''
 
 
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
 
! Species
 
! Species
 
! Year
 
! Year
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! Abundance estimate (95% confidence interval)
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! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
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! Density estimate (per km²)
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! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
 
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
 
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
 
! Area
 
! Area
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= Threats =    <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
 
= Threats =    <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
  
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Illegal logging is the most important threat to the park and has worsened since the withdrawal of funding by the European Union. CRNP is important for the protection of the catchment of the Cross river. As the human population grows, the demand for farmland is leading to encroachment in areas of the park previously considered inaccessible. Traditional exploitation of natural resources such as hunting, fishing and shifting cultivation, adversely impact the park (BirdLife International 2020).
  
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This sections describes threats at the site, particularly those relevant for apes and thereby provides context for the threats listed in the table below.
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'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Cross River National Park'''
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'''Table 3: Threats to apes in XXXX'''
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
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!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
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!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
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!Specific threats   <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
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!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
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!Threat level       <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: unknown, low, high -->
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!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
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!Quantified severity <!-- e.g., encounter rate, number of miners etc. (with reference)-->
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!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->
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!Description         <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
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!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
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!Year of threat     <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets-->
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!Year of threat <!-- Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
 
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|1. Residential & commercial development
 
|1. Residential & commercial development
 
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|Unknown
 
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|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
 
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
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|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
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|Present, but threat severity is unknown
 
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|A number of agricultural concessions for oil palm and pineapple were illegally awarded inside the park boundary ([https://nigeria.wcs.org/wild-places/cross-river-np-oban.aspx WCS]).
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|Ongoing
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|3. Energy production & mining
 
|3. Energy production & mining
 
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|Unknown
 
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|4. Transportation & service corridors
 
|4. Transportation & service corridors
 
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|Unknown
 
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|5. Biological resource use
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|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
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|High
 
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|
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|Hunting is widespread in both sections of the park; as a result, the density of all large mammals is low (WCS; Adetola & Adetoro 2014).
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|Ongoing (2014)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|5. Biological resource use
 
|5. Biological resource use
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|5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants
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|Present, but threat severity is unknown
 
|
 
|
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|Collection of NTFPs such as bush mango is widespread and leads to the seasonal establishment of camps in the park (WCS; Adetola & Adetoro 2014).
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|Ongoing (2014)
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|-
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|5. Biological resource use
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|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
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|High
 
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|Illegal logging has been described as a main threat. Timber is often floated out of the park along major rivers (WCS; Adetola & Adetoro 2014).
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|Ongoing (2014)
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|-
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|5. Biological resource use
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|5.4 Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources
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|Present, but threat severity is unknown
 
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|Fish stocks and aquatic life have declined as a result of water poisoning for fishing (Adetola & Adetoro 2014; BirdLife International 2020).
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|Ongoing (2020)
 
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|6. Human intrusions & disturbance
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|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
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|Unknown
 
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|7. Natural system modifications
 
|7. Natural system modifications
 
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|Unknown
 
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|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
 
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
 
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|Unknown
 
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|9. Pollution
 
|9. Pollution
 
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|Unknown
 
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|10. Geological Events
 
|10. Geological Events
 
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|Absent
 
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|11. Climate change & severe weather
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| 11. Climate change & severe weather
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|Unknown
 
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|12. Other options
 
|12. Other options
 
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|Absent
 
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[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
 
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
  
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= Conservation activities =      <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
  
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'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Cross River National Park'''
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= Conservation activities =      <!-- a text overview of conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
 
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This sections describes conservation interventions implemented at the site, including information on which organizations are implementing them and thereby provides context for the conservation activities listed in the table below.
 
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'''Table 4: Conservation activities in XXXX'''
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
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!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
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!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
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!Specific activity   <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
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!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
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!Description         <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
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!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
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!Year of activity         <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets -->
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!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
 
|-
 
|-
 
|1. Residential & commercial development
 
|1. Residential & commercial development
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|
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|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
 
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
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|Not reported
 
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|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|3. Energy production & mining
 
|3. Energy production & mining
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|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|4. Transportation & service corridors
 
|4. Transportation & service corridors
−
|
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|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|5. Biological resource use
 
|5. Biological resource use
−
|
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|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
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|6. Human intrusions & disturbance
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|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
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|
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|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|7. Natural system modifications
 
|7. Natural system modifications
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|Not reported
 
|
 
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|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
 
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
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|Not reported
 
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|-
 
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|9. Pollution
 
|9. Pollution
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|Not reported
 
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|-
 
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|10. Education & Awareness  
 
|10. Education & Awareness  
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|Not reported
 
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|-
 
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|11. Habitat Protection
 
|11. Habitat Protection
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|Not reported
 
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|-
 
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|12. Species Management
 
|12. Species Management
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|Not reported
 
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|-
 
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|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives  
 
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives  
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|Not reported
 
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[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
 
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
  
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= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
  
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'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Cross River National Park'''
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= Impediments = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
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!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
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!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
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Description of impediments that may hamper conservation activities.
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|-
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|Lack of financial means
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|Adetola & Adetoro 2014
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'''Table 5: Impediments reported for XXXX'''
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|-
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="impediments-table"
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|Lack of technical means
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!align="left"|Impediment  <!-- Do not change categories -->
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|Adetola & Adetoro 2014
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!Source   <!-- source for impediment mentioned -->
 
 
|-
 
|-
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|Lack of trust and support from local communities
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|
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|Adetola & Adetoro 2014
 
|-
 
|-
 
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|}
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= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
 
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
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Short description of past and ongoing research activities at the site.
 
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===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
 
===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
  
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'''Table 6: Ape behaviors reported for XXXX'''
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'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Cross River National Park'''
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
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!align="left"|Behavior <!-- Do not change categories -->
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!align="left"|Behavior
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!Source   <!-- source for behavior -->
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!Source
 
|-
 
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−
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|Not reported
 
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|}
  
 +
=External links=
 +
[https://nigeria.wcs.org/wild-places/cross-river-np-oban.aspx WCS Cross River National Park, Oban Division]<br>
 +
[https://nigeria.wcs.org/wild-places/cross-river-np-okwangwo.aspx WCS Cross River National Park, Okwango Division]<br>
  
 
===Relevant datasets===
 
===Relevant datasets===
 
[http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal]
 
[http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal]
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<br>
 
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= References =
 
= References =
−
 
+
Adetola, B.O. & Adetoro, A.O. (2014). Threats to biodiversity conservation in Cross River National Park, Nigeria. International Journal of Conservation Science, 5(4), 547-552.<br>
 +
BirdLife International (2020) Important Bird Areas factsheet: Cross River National Park (Oban Division). Retrieved from http://www.birdlife.org on 26/11/2020.<br>
  
 
<br>
 
<br>
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'''Page completed by:'''XXXX '''   Date:''' DD/MM/YY  <br>
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'''Page completed by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki Team''' Date:''' 06/12/2020 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
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<i>Please consider whether any information you would like to add is sensitive and could be misused to harm apes. Please do not add such information. If unsure, you can contact the Wiki manager (contact details on start page) for clarification.</i>
 
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<br><br>
 

Revision as of 20:08, 6 December 2020

West Africa > Nigeria > Cross River National Park

Summary

  • Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes ellioti) & Cross river gorillas (Gorilla gorilla diehli) are present in Cross River National Park.
  • The population sizes are unknown.
  • The population trends are unknown.
  • The site has a total size of 4,000 km².
  • Illegal logging and hunting are the most important threats to great apes in the park.
  • Conservation activities have not been documented.

Site characteristics

Situated in southeast Nigeria, Cross River National Park (CRNP) was established in 1991 and is divided into two sections: the smaller Okwangwo Division (1,000 sq. km), and the larger Oban Division(3,000 sq. km). The sections are separated by about 50 km of disturbed forest (BirdLife International 2020). Over 350 species have been observed in the park, which is one of the most ornithologically diverse sites in Nigeria and is designated as an Important Bird Area (BirdLife International 2020). The Okwanwgo section is adjacent to Takamanda National Park in Cameroon; together they represent the most important area for the critically endangered Cross River Gorilla (WCS). Oban is contiguous with Korup National Park in Cameroon, and it is an important watershed, draining into the Cross river in the northern part, and Calabar, Kwa, and Korup rivers in the south (BirdLife International 2020). A total of 1,303 flowering plants, 141 lichens, and 56 moss species have so far been documented in Oban, making it remarkably rich in floral diversity. Both sections of CRNP are home to several mammal species, including forest elephants (Loxodonta africana cyclotis), Preuss's red colobus (Procolobus preussi), mandrills (Mandrillus leucophaeus), leopards (Panthera pardus), and Sclater's guenon (Cercopithecus sclateri), a Nigerian endemic (BirdLife International 2020). The contiguous Oban-Korup forest is famous for its rich butterfly diversity (WCS).

Table 1. Basic site information for Cross River National Park

Area 4,000 km²
Coordinates 5.579848 N, 8.748074 E
Designation National Park
Habitat types Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical//tropical moist montane forest, permanent rivers, subtropical/tropical heavily degraded former forest

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status

Table 2. Ape population estimates in Cross River National Park

Species Year Abundance estimate (95% CI) Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) Encounter rate (nests/km) Area Method Source Comments A.P.E.S. database ID

Threats

Illegal logging is the most important threat to the park and has worsened since the withdrawal of funding by the European Union. CRNP is important for the protection of the catchment of the Cross river. As the human population grows, the demand for farmland is leading to encroachment in areas of the park previously considered inaccessible. Traditional exploitation of natural resources such as hunting, fishing and shifting cultivation, adversely impact the park (BirdLife International 2020).

Table 3. Threats to apes in Cross River National Park

Category Specific threats Threat level Quantified severity Description Year of threat
1. Residential & commercial development Unknown
2. Agriculture & aquaculture 2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops Present, but threat severity is unknown A number of agricultural concessions for oil palm and pineapple were illegally awarded inside the park boundary (WCS). Ongoing
3. Energy production & mining Unknown
4. Transportation & service corridors Unknown
5. Biological resource use 5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals High Hunting is widespread in both sections of the park; as a result, the density of all large mammals is low (WCS; Adetola & Adetoro 2014). Ongoing (2014)
5. Biological resource use 5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants Present, but threat severity is unknown Collection of NTFPs such as bush mango is widespread and leads to the seasonal establishment of camps in the park (WCS; Adetola & Adetoro 2014). Ongoing (2014)
5. Biological resource use 5.3 Logging & wood harvesting High Illegal logging has been described as a main threat. Timber is often floated out of the park along major rivers (WCS; Adetola & Adetoro 2014). Ongoing (2014)
5. Biological resource use 5.4 Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources Present, but threat severity is unknown Fish stocks and aquatic life have declined as a result of water poisoning for fishing (Adetola & Adetoro 2014; BirdLife International 2020). Ongoing (2020)
6. Human intrusion & disturbance Unknown
7. Natural system modifications Unknown
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases Unknown
9. Pollution Unknown
10. Geological Events Absent
11. Climate change & severe weather Unknown
12. Other options Absent

IUCN Threats list

Conservation activities

Table 4. Conservation activities in Cross River National Park

Category Specific activity Description Year of activity
1. Residential & commercial development Not reported
2. Agriculture & aquaculture Not reported
3. Energy production & mining Not reported
4. Transportation & service corridors Not reported
5. Biological resource use Not reported
6. Human intrusion & disturbance Not reported
7. Natural system modifications Not reported
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases Not reported
9. Pollution Not reported
10. Education & Awareness Not reported
11. Habitat Protection Not reported
12. Species Management Not reported
13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives Not reported

Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)

Challenges

Table 5. Challenges reported for Cross River National Park

Challenge Source
Lack of financial means Adetola & Adetoro 2014
Lack of technical means Adetola & Adetoro 2014
Lack of trust and support from local communities Adetola & Adetoro 2014

Research activities

Documented behaviours

Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Cross River National Park

Behavior Source
Not reported

External links

WCS Cross River National Park, Oban Division
WCS Cross River National Park, Okwango Division

Relevant datasets

A.P.E.S Portal

References

Adetola, B.O. & Adetoro, A.O. (2014). Threats to biodiversity conservation in Cross River National Park, Nigeria. International Journal of Conservation Science, 5(4), 547-552.
BirdLife International (2020) Important Bird Areas factsheet: Cross River National Park (Oban Division). Retrieved from http://www.birdlife.org on 26/11/2020.


Page completed by: A.P.E.S. Wiki Team Date: 06/12/2020

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