Difference between revisions of "Deng Deng National Park"

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[[Central Africa]] > [[Cameroon]] > [[Deng Deng National Park]]
  
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= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
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* Central chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes troglodytes'') & western lowland gorillas (''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'') are present in Deng Deng National Park.
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* It has been estimated that 540 (CI: 311-948) individuals occur in the site.
 +
* The great ape population trend is unknown.
 +
* The site has a total size of 682.64 km².
 +
* Key threats to great apes are poaching and illegal logging.
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* The Wildlife Conservation Society implement conservation activities in the area, such as biomonitoring, and environnmental education and awareness raising.
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= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
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Deng Deng National Park is located in eastern Cameroon, about 50km southeast of the [Mbam et Djerem National Park]. The park has a wide diversity of wildlife species from both savanna and forest habitats. In addition to western lowland gorillas and central chimpanzees, other mammals found at the site include three species of pangolins (white-bellied, black-bellied, and giant ground pangolins), forest elephants, golden cats, red river hogs, and duikers (Maisels et al. 2011, Maurice et al. 2019). The park was demarcated within the wider Deng Deng forest reserve created in 1971, which includes a communal forest and logging concessions (Forest Management Unit, or UFA). In combination with the nearby [Mbam et Djerem National Park], adjacent logging concessions, and community forests, the area forms the largest conservation landscape in Cameroon (WCS n.d.). The site was designated as a national park in 2010 (Maisels et al. 2011).
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'''Table 1. Basic site information for Deng Deng National Park'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
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| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
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|682.64 km²
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|-
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|Coordinates
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|5.153806 N, 13.634405 E
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|-
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|Designation
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|National Park
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|-
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|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
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|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, savanna
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|}
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[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
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= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
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A survey was conducted in 2010, covering roughly half of Deng Deng National Park, as well as a logging concession. It was estimated that 311 occurred in the survey area; if half of them were in the park, then there were at least 150 gorillas in Deng Deng National Park and another 150 in the area of the concession that was surveyed (Maisels et al. 2011).
 +
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'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Deng Deng National Park'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
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! Species
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! Year
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! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
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! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
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! Encounter rate (nests/km)
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! Area
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! Method
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! Source
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! Comments
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! A.P.E.S. database ID
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|-
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|''Gorilla gorilla gorilla''
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|2010
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|540 (311 to 948)
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|0.67 (0.39 to 1.17)
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|49 nest sites/sq.km (28-84)
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|Deng Deng National Park south of the Lom River, and the northern part of the adjacent logging concession UFA 10065
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|Line transects (Distance)
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|Maisels et al. 2011
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|Survey effort: 136 km
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|
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|}
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= Threats =    <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
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The main threats to great apes and other wildlife in the area are poaching and illegal logging (WCS n.d.). The ongoing construction of the 60,000 ha Lom Pangar dam is likely to exacerbate these threats by bringing many people to the region who will engage in natural resource extraction (WCS n.d.)
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'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Deng Deng National Park'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
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!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
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!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
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!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
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!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->
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!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
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!Year of threat <!--  Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
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|-
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|1. Residential & commercial development
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|
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|Unknown
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|
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|
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|
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|-
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|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
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|
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|Unknown
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|
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|
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|
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|-
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|3. Energy production & mining
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|
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|Unknown
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|
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|
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|
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|-
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|4. Transportation & service corridors
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|4.1 Roads & railroads
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|Present, but threat severity unknown
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|
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|A logging concession and the park are separated by a road, which gorillas can cross, putting them at danger from poaching (Maisels et al. 2011).
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|Ongoing (2011)
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|-
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|5. Biological resource use
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|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
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|High
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|
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|Gunshots, snares and shotgun shells were recorded throughout the park and an adjacent logging concession in a 2010 survey. One hunting camp was found inside the park, and two more in the logging concession (Maisels et al. 2011).
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|Ongoing (2011)
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|-
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|
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|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
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|High
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|
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|Illegal logging (Maisels et al. 2011).
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|Ongoing (2011)
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|-
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|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
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|
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|Unknown
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|
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|
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|
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|-
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|7. Natural system modifications
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|7.2 Dams & water management/use
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|High
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|
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|Construction of the Lom Pangar dam (WCS n.d.).
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|Ongoing
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|-
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|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
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|
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|Unknown
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|
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|
 +
|
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|-
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|9. Pollution
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|
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|Unknown
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|
 +
|
 +
|
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|-
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|10. Geological Events
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|
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|Absent
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|
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|
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|
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|-
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| 11. Climate change & severe weather
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|
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|Unknown
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|
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|
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|
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|-
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|12. Other options
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|
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|Absent
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|
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|
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|
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|-
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|}
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[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
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= Conservation activities =      <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
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Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) began working in the Deng Deng landscape in 2009, as part of a collaborative effort between WCS and the Ministry of Forestry and Wildlife (MINFOF), with funding support from the French Development Agency (WCS n.d.).
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'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Deng Deng National Park'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
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!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
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!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
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!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
 +
!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
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|-
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|1. Residential & commercial development
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|Not reported
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|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
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|Not reported
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|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|3. Energy production & mining
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|Not reported
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|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|4. Transportation & service corridors
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|Not reported
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|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|5. Biological resource use
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|5.15. Implement monitoring surveillance strategies (e.g. SMART) or use monitoring data to improve effectiveness of wildlife law enforcement patrols
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|Biological and socio-economic surveys and monitoring (WCS n.d.).
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|Ongoing
 +
|-
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|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
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|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|7. Natural system modifications
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|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|9. Pollution
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|10. Education & Awareness
 +
|
 +
|Environmental education and raising awareness for the protection of great apes and biodiversity conservation (WCS n.d.).
 +
|Ongoing
 +
|-
 +
|11. Habitat Protection
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|11.4. Create/protect habitat corridors
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|Corridor between Deng Deng National Park (DDNP) and Belabo Council Forest (https://erudef.org/deng-deng-conservation-corridor-project/).
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|Ongoing
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|-
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|12. Species Management
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|Not reported
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|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
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|Not reported
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|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|}
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[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
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= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
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 +
 +
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Deng Deng National Park'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
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!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
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!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
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|-
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|Not reported
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|
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|-
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|}
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= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
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===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
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 +
'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Deng Deng National Park'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
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!align="left"|Behavior
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!Source
 +
|-
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|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|}
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=External links=
 +
[https://cameroon.wcs.org/Wild-Places/Deng-Deng-National-Park.aspx Deng Deng National Park - WCS]
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 +
===Relevant datasets===
 +
[http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal]
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= References =
 +
Maurice, M. E., Lionel Ebong, E., Fuashi, N. A., Godwill, I. I., & Zeh, A. F. (2019). The ecological impact on the distribution of Pangolins in Deng-Deng National Park, Eastern Region, Cameroon. Global Journal of Ecology, 4(1), 008-014.<br>
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Maisels, F., Ambahe, R., Ambassa, E., Fosso, B., Poumegne, J-B., & Fotso, R. (2011). Gorilla Population in Deng Deng National Park and a Logging Concession. Gorilla Journal 42.<br>
 +
WCS (n.d.). WCS Cameroon Deng Deng National Park Project. Online: https://cameroon.wcs.org/Wild-Places/Deng-Deng-National-Park.aspx <br>
 +
 +
<br>
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'''Page completed by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki team''' Date:''' 18/12/2021 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->

Revision as of 05:18, 19 December 2021

Central Africa > Cameroon > Deng Deng National Park

Summary

  • Central chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) & western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) are present in Deng Deng National Park.
  • It has been estimated that 540 (CI: 311-948) individuals occur in the site.
  • The great ape population trend is unknown.
  • The site has a total size of 682.64 km².
  • Key threats to great apes are poaching and illegal logging.
  • The Wildlife Conservation Society implement conservation activities in the area, such as biomonitoring, and environnmental education and awareness raising.

Site characteristics

Deng Deng National Park is located in eastern Cameroon, about 50km southeast of the [Mbam et Djerem National Park]. The park has a wide diversity of wildlife species from both savanna and forest habitats. In addition to western lowland gorillas and central chimpanzees, other mammals found at the site include three species of pangolins (white-bellied, black-bellied, and giant ground pangolins), forest elephants, golden cats, red river hogs, and duikers (Maisels et al. 2011, Maurice et al. 2019). The park was demarcated within the wider Deng Deng forest reserve created in 1971, which includes a communal forest and logging concessions (Forest Management Unit, or UFA). In combination with the nearby [Mbam et Djerem National Park], adjacent logging concessions, and community forests, the area forms the largest conservation landscape in Cameroon (WCS n.d.). The site was designated as a national park in 2010 (Maisels et al. 2011).

Table 1. Basic site information for Deng Deng National Park

Area 682.64 km²
Coordinates 5.153806 N, 13.634405 E
Designation National Park
Habitat types Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, savanna

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status

A survey was conducted in 2010, covering roughly half of Deng Deng National Park, as well as a logging concession. It was estimated that 311 occurred in the survey area; if half of them were in the park, then there were at least 150 gorillas in Deng Deng National Park and another 150 in the area of the concession that was surveyed (Maisels et al. 2011).

Table 2. Ape population estimates in Deng Deng National Park

Species Year Abundance estimate (95% CI) Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) Encounter rate (nests/km) Area Method Source Comments A.P.E.S. database ID
Gorilla gorilla gorilla 2010 540 (311 to 948) 0.67 (0.39 to 1.17) 49 nest sites/sq.km (28-84) Deng Deng National Park south of the Lom River, and the northern part of the adjacent logging concession UFA 10065 Line transects (Distance) Maisels et al. 2011 Survey effort: 136 km

Threats

The main threats to great apes and other wildlife in the area are poaching and illegal logging (WCS n.d.). The ongoing construction of the 60,000 ha Lom Pangar dam is likely to exacerbate these threats by bringing many people to the region who will engage in natural resource extraction (WCS n.d.)

Table 3. Threats to apes in Deng Deng National Park

Category Specific threats Threat level Quantified severity Description Year of threat
1. Residential & commercial development Unknown
2. Agriculture & aquaculture Unknown
3. Energy production & mining Unknown
4. Transportation & service corridors 4.1 Roads & railroads Present, but threat severity unknown A logging concession and the park are separated by a road, which gorillas can cross, putting them at danger from poaching (Maisels et al. 2011). Ongoing (2011)
5. Biological resource use 5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals High Gunshots, snares and shotgun shells were recorded throughout the park and an adjacent logging concession in a 2010 survey. One hunting camp was found inside the park, and two more in the logging concession (Maisels et al. 2011). Ongoing (2011)
5.3 Logging & wood harvesting High Illegal logging (Maisels et al. 2011). Ongoing (2011)
6. Human intrusion & disturbance Unknown
7. Natural system modifications 7.2 Dams & water management/use High Construction of the Lom Pangar dam (WCS n.d.). Ongoing
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases Unknown
9. Pollution Unknown
10. Geological Events Absent
11. Climate change & severe weather Unknown
12. Other options Absent

IUCN Threats list

Conservation activities

Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) began working in the Deng Deng landscape in 2009, as part of a collaborative effort between WCS and the Ministry of Forestry and Wildlife (MINFOF), with funding support from the French Development Agency (WCS n.d.).

Table 4. Conservation activities in Deng Deng National Park

Category Specific activity Description Year of activity
1. Residential & commercial development Not reported
2. Agriculture & aquaculture Not reported
3. Energy production & mining Not reported
4. Transportation & service corridors Not reported
5. Biological resource use 5.15. Implement monitoring surveillance strategies (e.g. SMART) or use monitoring data to improve effectiveness of wildlife law enforcement patrols Biological and socio-economic surveys and monitoring (WCS n.d.). Ongoing
6. Human intrusion & disturbance Not reported
7. Natural system modifications Not reported
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases Not reported
9. Pollution Not reported
10. Education & Awareness Environmental education and raising awareness for the protection of great apes and biodiversity conservation (WCS n.d.). Ongoing
11. Habitat Protection 11.4. Create/protect habitat corridors Corridor between Deng Deng National Park (DDNP) and Belabo Council Forest (https://erudef.org/deng-deng-conservation-corridor-project/). Ongoing
12. Species Management Not reported
13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives Not reported

Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)

Challenges

Table 5. Challenges reported for Deng Deng National Park

Challenge Source
Not reported

Research activities

Documented behaviours

Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Deng Deng National Park

Behavior Source
Not reported

External links

Deng Deng National Park - WCS

Relevant datasets

A.P.E.S Portal

References

Maurice, M. E., Lionel Ebong, E., Fuashi, N. A., Godwill, I. I., & Zeh, A. F. (2019). The ecological impact on the distribution of Pangolins in Deng-Deng National Park, Eastern Region, Cameroon. Global Journal of Ecology, 4(1), 008-014.
Maisels, F., Ambahe, R., Ambassa, E., Fosso, B., Poumegne, J-B., & Fotso, R. (2011). Gorilla Population in Deng Deng National Park and a Logging Concession. Gorilla Journal 42.
WCS (n.d.). WCS Cameroon Deng Deng National Park Project. Online: https://cameroon.wcs.org/Wild-Places/Deng-Deng-National-Park.aspx


Page completed by: A.P.E.S. Wiki team Date: 18/12/2021

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