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Vu Quang National Park (view source)
Revision as of 05:47, 21 February 2022
, 05:47, 21 February 2022Created page with "<!-- INSTRUCTIONS FOR UPLOADING SITE INFORMATION - Wiki pages contain information in paragraphs, tables, lists, and images. - Text and images are not restricted, and their for..."
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- Wiki pages contain information in paragraphs, tables, lists, and images.
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2) List format should not change, i.e. they are comma separated lists, not bullet points or numbered lists.
3) To make information comparable across wiki pages, keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. This is why we use official lists, e.g., IUCN classification lists, in our tables.
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[[Asia]] > [[Vietnam]] > [[Vu Quang National Park]]
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
<div style="float: right">
{{#display_map: height=200px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap
|18.28, 105.47~[[Vu Quang National Park]]~Eastern Chimpanzee
}}
</div>
* Northern white-cheeked gibbons (''Nomascus leucogenys'') are present in Vu Quang National Park.
* It has been estimated that 185 (95% CI: 78-448) individuals occur in the site.
* The gibbon population trend is unknown.
* The site has a total size of 550.3 km².
* Key threats to gibbon are illegal hunting and habitat encroachment.
* Conservation activities have focused on awareness raising, infrastructure development and community development activities, e.g., apiculture.
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
Vu Quang National Park is located in western Vietnam, next to [[Nakai-Nam Theun National Park]] in Laos. The park was established in 2002 and covers an area of about 550 square km (Tran Van 2021). The site is located in three districts in Ha Tinh province, including Vu Quang, Huong Khe, Huong Son district. The protected area lies on the Annamite mountain, which harbours the highest biodiversity in Vietnam as well as Indochina; at least 94 mammals, 315 birds, 58 reptiles, and 31 amphibians have been confirmed in Vu Quang (Tran Van 2021). Two new mammals were discovered at the site in the 1990s, including Sao La (''Pseudoryx nghetinhensis''), and Giant Muntjac (''Muntiacus vuquangensis''). The fauna of Vu Quang NP also includes species endemic to Indochina, such as the Northern Whitecheeked Gibbon (''Nomascus leucogenys'') and Edwards’s Pheasant (''Lophura edwardsi'') (Tran Van 2021). The area has also been declared an important bird area for conservation (BirdLife International 2022). In addition, the protected area reported that 1,678 flora species with 191 families have been documented, of which 94 species were listed in the Vietnam Red List Book (Tran Van 2021).
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Vu Quang National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
|550.3 km²
|-
|Coordinates
|18.281588 N, 105.474190 E
|-
|Designation
|National Park
|-
|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
|Subtropical/tropical moist montane forest
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
A 2020 survey confirmed the presence of 19 groups; based on the survey results it was estimated that 185 gibbon groups occur in Vu Quang National Park, making it a priority site for the conservation of the species (Tran Van 2021). Furthermore, the suitable gibbon habitat was predicted at approximately 252 sq.km, accounting for 45.56% of the total area of the park (Tran Van 2021).
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Vu Quang National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
! Species
! Year
! Total number indiv. (95% CI)
! Total number groups (95% CI)
! Density [groups/km²] (95% CI)
! Area
! Method
! Source
! Comments
! A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|''Nomascus leucogenys''
|2020
|
|185 (78 - 448)
|0.74 (0.31-1.78)
|Vu Quang National Park
|Fixed-point triangulation and distance sampling method
|Tran Van 2021
|
|
|}
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
Illegal hunting is one of the main threats to gibbons and other wildlife species at the site. The illegal hunt of several species, including Red-Shanked Douc Langurs, Civets, and Annamite Striped Rabbits, was reported during a 2020 gibbon survey. Rangers are facing many challenges to control the hunting activities due to the far distance from the forest ranger stations and the complex topography of the site. Furthermore, the park's ecosystem is facing degradation due to the impacts of deforestation and forest fragmentation (Tran Van 2021).
'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Vu Quang National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of threat <!-- Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|1.1 Housing & urban areas
|Present, but threat severity unknown
|
|Development of human settlements in the area (BirdLife International 2022).
|Ongoing (2022)
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
|Present, but threat severity unknown
|
|Clearance of forest for agriculture (BirdLife International 2022).
|Ongoing (2022)
|-
|
|2.3 Livestock farming & ranching
|Present, but threat severity unknown
|
|Grazing of livestock (BirdLife International 2022).
|Ongoing (2022)
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
|High
|
|Illegal wildlife hunting (Tran Van 2021).
|Ongoing (2021)
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|10. Geological Events
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
| 11. Climate change & severe weather
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|12. Other options
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
= Conservation activities = <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
WWF and FIPI conducted a biodiversity survey of Vu Quang Nature Reserve in 1992. Between June 1995 and June 2000, the WWF Indochina Programme-Vu Quang Conservation Project was implemented with funding from the Royal Netherlands Embassy (BirdLife International 2022). Accomplishments of this project during the first three years included the construction of a guard station, road upgrading and other infrastructure development, and socio-economic and biological research. Project activities during the final two years included field surveys (including a joint BirdLife/WWF ornithological survey in 1999) and community development activities, including irrigation, infrastructure development, planting of fruit trees, apiculture, community forestry and community farming (BirdLife International 2022).
'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Vu Quang National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|10. Education & Awareness
|10.1. Educate local communities about primates and sustainable use
|In cooperation with Vu Quang NP, the Gibbon Conservation Alliance raised awareness of local communities in local villages by presenting and discussing with local authorities and communities the current status of gibbons in the park, why it is necessary to conserve gibbons, the role of local communities, and the current regulations of law in the protection of gibbons and other wildlife (Tran Van 2021).
|Ongoing (2021)
|-
|
|10.5. Implement multimedia campaigns using theatre, film, print media, and discussions
|Awareness material including posters, lecture files were distributed to Vu Quang NP, and local people. The project also provided 50 T-shirts to our volunteers, forest rangers of Vu Quang NP, and local villagers (Tran Van 2021).
|Ongoing (2021)
|-
|11. Habitat Protection
|11.2. Legally protect primate habitat
|The site is classified as a National Park.
|Ongoing (2022)
|-
|12. Species Management
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|}
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Vu Quang National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
|-
|Lack of human resources
|Tran Van 2021
|-
|Lack of capacity/training
|Tran Van 2021
|-
|Lack of law enforcement
|Tran Van 2021
|-
|}
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Vu Quang National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
!align="left"|Behavior
!Source
|-
|Not reported
|
|-
|}
=External links=
===Relevant datasets===
[http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal]
= References =
BirdLife International (2022) Important Bird Areas factsheet: Vu Quang. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 16/02/2022.<br>
Tran Van, D. (2021). Population assessment, habitat suitability and conservation of the Northern White-cheeked Gibbon (Nomascus leucogenys) in Vu Quang National Park, Vietnam. Final project report to the Gibbon Conservation Alliance.<br>
<br>
'''Page completed by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki team''' Date:'''18/02/2022 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
- Wiki pages contain information in paragraphs, tables, lists, and images.
- Text and images are not restricted, and their formats can be chosen as desired.
- Tables and lists are extracted as data, so the following restrictions apply to them:
1) Table structure cannot be changed.
2) List format should not change, i.e. they are comma separated lists, not bullet points or numbered lists.
3) To make information comparable across wiki pages, keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. This is why we use official lists, e.g., IUCN classification lists, in our tables.
-->
[[Asia]] > [[Vietnam]] > [[Vu Quang National Park]]
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
<div style="float: right">
{{#display_map: height=200px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap
|18.28, 105.47~[[Vu Quang National Park]]~Eastern Chimpanzee
}}
</div>
* Northern white-cheeked gibbons (''Nomascus leucogenys'') are present in Vu Quang National Park.
* It has been estimated that 185 (95% CI: 78-448) individuals occur in the site.
* The gibbon population trend is unknown.
* The site has a total size of 550.3 km².
* Key threats to gibbon are illegal hunting and habitat encroachment.
* Conservation activities have focused on awareness raising, infrastructure development and community development activities, e.g., apiculture.
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
Vu Quang National Park is located in western Vietnam, next to [[Nakai-Nam Theun National Park]] in Laos. The park was established in 2002 and covers an area of about 550 square km (Tran Van 2021). The site is located in three districts in Ha Tinh province, including Vu Quang, Huong Khe, Huong Son district. The protected area lies on the Annamite mountain, which harbours the highest biodiversity in Vietnam as well as Indochina; at least 94 mammals, 315 birds, 58 reptiles, and 31 amphibians have been confirmed in Vu Quang (Tran Van 2021). Two new mammals were discovered at the site in the 1990s, including Sao La (''Pseudoryx nghetinhensis''), and Giant Muntjac (''Muntiacus vuquangensis''). The fauna of Vu Quang NP also includes species endemic to Indochina, such as the Northern Whitecheeked Gibbon (''Nomascus leucogenys'') and Edwards’s Pheasant (''Lophura edwardsi'') (Tran Van 2021). The area has also been declared an important bird area for conservation (BirdLife International 2022). In addition, the protected area reported that 1,678 flora species with 191 families have been documented, of which 94 species were listed in the Vietnam Red List Book (Tran Van 2021).
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Vu Quang National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
|550.3 km²
|-
|Coordinates
|18.281588 N, 105.474190 E
|-
|Designation
|National Park
|-
|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
|Subtropical/tropical moist montane forest
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
A 2020 survey confirmed the presence of 19 groups; based on the survey results it was estimated that 185 gibbon groups occur in Vu Quang National Park, making it a priority site for the conservation of the species (Tran Van 2021). Furthermore, the suitable gibbon habitat was predicted at approximately 252 sq.km, accounting for 45.56% of the total area of the park (Tran Van 2021).
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Vu Quang National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
! Species
! Year
! Total number indiv. (95% CI)
! Total number groups (95% CI)
! Density [groups/km²] (95% CI)
! Area
! Method
! Source
! Comments
! A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|''Nomascus leucogenys''
|2020
|
|185 (78 - 448)
|0.74 (0.31-1.78)
|Vu Quang National Park
|Fixed-point triangulation and distance sampling method
|Tran Van 2021
|
|
|}
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
Illegal hunting is one of the main threats to gibbons and other wildlife species at the site. The illegal hunt of several species, including Red-Shanked Douc Langurs, Civets, and Annamite Striped Rabbits, was reported during a 2020 gibbon survey. Rangers are facing many challenges to control the hunting activities due to the far distance from the forest ranger stations and the complex topography of the site. Furthermore, the park's ecosystem is facing degradation due to the impacts of deforestation and forest fragmentation (Tran Van 2021).
'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Vu Quang National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of threat <!-- Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|1.1 Housing & urban areas
|Present, but threat severity unknown
|
|Development of human settlements in the area (BirdLife International 2022).
|Ongoing (2022)
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
|Present, but threat severity unknown
|
|Clearance of forest for agriculture (BirdLife International 2022).
|Ongoing (2022)
|-
|
|2.3 Livestock farming & ranching
|Present, but threat severity unknown
|
|Grazing of livestock (BirdLife International 2022).
|Ongoing (2022)
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
|High
|
|Illegal wildlife hunting (Tran Van 2021).
|Ongoing (2021)
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|10. Geological Events
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
| 11. Climate change & severe weather
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|12. Other options
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
= Conservation activities = <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
WWF and FIPI conducted a biodiversity survey of Vu Quang Nature Reserve in 1992. Between June 1995 and June 2000, the WWF Indochina Programme-Vu Quang Conservation Project was implemented with funding from the Royal Netherlands Embassy (BirdLife International 2022). Accomplishments of this project during the first three years included the construction of a guard station, road upgrading and other infrastructure development, and socio-economic and biological research. Project activities during the final two years included field surveys (including a joint BirdLife/WWF ornithological survey in 1999) and community development activities, including irrigation, infrastructure development, planting of fruit trees, apiculture, community forestry and community farming (BirdLife International 2022).
'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Vu Quang National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|10. Education & Awareness
|10.1. Educate local communities about primates and sustainable use
|In cooperation with Vu Quang NP, the Gibbon Conservation Alliance raised awareness of local communities in local villages by presenting and discussing with local authorities and communities the current status of gibbons in the park, why it is necessary to conserve gibbons, the role of local communities, and the current regulations of law in the protection of gibbons and other wildlife (Tran Van 2021).
|Ongoing (2021)
|-
|
|10.5. Implement multimedia campaigns using theatre, film, print media, and discussions
|Awareness material including posters, lecture files were distributed to Vu Quang NP, and local people. The project also provided 50 T-shirts to our volunteers, forest rangers of Vu Quang NP, and local villagers (Tran Van 2021).
|Ongoing (2021)
|-
|11. Habitat Protection
|11.2. Legally protect primate habitat
|The site is classified as a National Park.
|Ongoing (2022)
|-
|12. Species Management
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|}
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Vu Quang National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
|-
|Lack of human resources
|Tran Van 2021
|-
|Lack of capacity/training
|Tran Van 2021
|-
|Lack of law enforcement
|Tran Van 2021
|-
|}
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Vu Quang National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
!align="left"|Behavior
!Source
|-
|Not reported
|
|-
|}
=External links=
===Relevant datasets===
[http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal]
= References =
BirdLife International (2022) Important Bird Areas factsheet: Vu Quang. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 16/02/2022.<br>
Tran Van, D. (2021). Population assessment, habitat suitability and conservation of the Northern White-cheeked Gibbon (Nomascus leucogenys) in Vu Quang National Park, Vietnam. Final project report to the Gibbon Conservation Alliance.<br>
<br>
'''Page completed by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki team''' Date:'''18/02/2022 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->