Difference between revisions of "Lake Barombi Mbo Forest Reserve"

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<!-- INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING SITE INFORMATION
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   3) To make information comparable across wiki pages, keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. This is why we use official lists, e.g., IUCN classification lists, in our tables.
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   2) Keyword format should not change, i.e. they are comma separated lists, not bullet points or numbered lists.  
 
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    rather than several keywords such as "Industrial mining", "Large-scale mining", and "Mining".  
 
 
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[[Central Africa]] > [[Cameroon]] > [[Lake Barombi Mbo Forest Reserve]]
  
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[[Region]] > [[Country]] > [[Site]]
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= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
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<div style="float: right">
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= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->
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{{#display_map: height=200px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap
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|4.669490, 9.382303~[[Lake Barombi Mbo Forest Reserve]]~Nigeria-Cameroon Chimpanzee
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* Ape taxa present  
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}}
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* Ape population size
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</div>
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* Ape population trend  
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* Nigeria-Cameroon Chimpanzee (''Pan troglodytes ellioti'') are present in Lake Barombi Mbo Forest Reserve.
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* This site has a total size of XX km².
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* The population size is unknown.
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* Key threats to apes are ...
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* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
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* Additional information
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* The site has a total size of 8.5 km².
 +
* Key threats to chimpanzees are logging, hunting, encroachment due to agricultural expansion, and uncontrolled harvesting of terrestrial plants.
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* Conservation activities are not documented.
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* The site is designated as a Ramsar site and features Lake Barombi, well-known for its high density of endemic species.
  
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= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
  
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= Site characteristics =
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The Lake Barombi Forest Reserve is located in eastern Cameroon and covers an area of over 850 ha. The site is named after an oval lake 2.5 km in diameter and 110 m deep, lying in a crater with a slope of 150 m at its highest point, and surrounded by tropical forest (Eno Nku 2004). The lake is famous among biologists for the occurrence of 12 endemic fish species, making it one of the places with the highest densities of endemic species per area in the world (Ramsar 2006). The site is also important due to the presence of freshwater sponges, one of which (''Corvospongilla thysi'') is also endemic. The lake is an important sacred site to the Barombi Mbo People and also used for fishing, transport, and farming of the surrounding land (Ramsar 2006). It is also a source of clean water for the metropolis of Kumba and its surrounding (Ramsar 2006). The site was designated as a [https://rsis.ramsar.org/fr/ris/1643 Ramsar] site in 2006.
  
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'''Table 1. Basic site information for Lake Barombi Mbo Forest Reserve'''
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This section includes a paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, a brief history of the site and on animals and plants that are known to occur at the site.
 
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'''Table 1: Basic site information for XXXX'''
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
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| Area             <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha   -->
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| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
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|
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|8.5 km²
 
|-
 
|-
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| Coordinates
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|Coordinates
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|
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|4.669490 N, 9.382303 E
 
|-
 
|-
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| Designation     <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc.  -->
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|Designation
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|Forest Reserve
 
|-
 
|-
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|Habitat types   <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (Without number), see link below -->
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|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
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|
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|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest
 
|}
 
|}
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[http://www.unitar.org/hiroshima/sites/unitar.org.hiroshima/files/Annex%201%20-%20IUCN%20Classification%20Schemes.pdf IUCN habitat categories]   [[Site designations]]
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[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
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<br>
 
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= Ape status =  <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
 
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= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
  
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This section includes a brief summary of the survey history, the most recent abundance estimate, date of the estimate, and, if available, the population trend (if explicitely stated in a report/paper).
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Vocalisation documented during a recce survey (Eno Nku 2004).
  
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'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Lake Barombi Mbo Forest Reserve'''
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'''Table 2: Ape population estimates in XXXX'''
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
 
! Species
 
! Species
 
! Year
 
! Year
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! Abundance estimate (95% confidence interval)
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! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
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! Density estimate (per km²)
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! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
 
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
 
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
 
! Area
 
! Area
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! A.P.E.S. database ID
 
! A.P.E.S. database ID
 
|-
 
|-
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|''Pan troglodytes ellioti''
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|2004
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
|
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|Present
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|
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|Lake Barombi Mbo Forest Reserve
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|
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|Index survey (reconnaissance walk)
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|
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|Eno Nku (2004)
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|survey effort 4.5 km
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|
 
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|}
 
|}
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= Threats =    <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
 
= Threats =    <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
  
 +
The competition for farmland in the area that began in 1989 led to the extensive conversion of forest into farmland (Eno Nku 2004). A stripe of forest still exists along the lakeshore to shield the farms, but behind is extended plantations. Other threats include timber extraction, hunting, farming, fuel wood collection, overfishing, use of pesticides, and uncontrolled harvesting of NTFPs (Eno Nku 2004).
  
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This sections describes threats at the site, particularly those relevant for apes and thereby provides context for the threats listed in the table below.
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'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Lake Barombi Mbo Forest Reserve'''
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'''Table 3: Threats to apes in XXXX'''
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
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!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
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!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
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!Specific threats   <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
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!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
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!Threat level       <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: unknown, low, high -->
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!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
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!Quantified severity <!-- e.g., encounter rate, number of miners etc. (with reference)-->
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!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->
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!Description         <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
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!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
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!Year of threat     <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets-->
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!Year of threat <!-- Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
 
|-
 
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|1. Residential & commercial development
 
|1. Residential & commercial development
 
|
 
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−
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|Unknown
 
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|-
 
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|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
 
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
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|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
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|High
 
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−
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|Habitat encroachment due to agricultural expansion (Eno Nku 2004).
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|Ongoing (2004)
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−
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|-
 
|-
 
|3. Energy production & mining
 
|3. Energy production & mining
 
|
 
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−
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|Unknown
 
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|
 
|
 
|
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|4. Transportation & service corridors
 
|4. Transportation & service corridors
 
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|Unknown
 
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|-
 
|-
 
|5. Biological resource use
 
|5. Biological resource use
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|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
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|High
 
|
 
|
 +
|Unsustainable hunting (Eno Nku 2004).
 +
|Ongoing (2004)
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|-
 
|
 
|
 +
|5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants
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|High
 
|
 
|
 +
|Uncontrolled harvesting of NTFPs (Eno Nku 2004).
 +
|Ongoing (2004)
 +
|-
 
|
 
|
 +
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
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|High
 
|
 
|
 +
|Timber extraction and fuelwood collection (Eno Nku 2004).
 +
|Ongoing (2004)
 
|-
 
|-
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|6. Human intrusions & disturbance
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|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
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|Unknown
 
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|7. Natural system modifications
 
|7. Natural system modifications
 
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|Unknown
 
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|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
 
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
 
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|Unknown
 
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|9. Pollution
 
|9. Pollution
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|9.3 Agricultural & forestry effluents
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|Present, but threat severity unknown
 
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−
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|Pesticide spraying of cocoa-trees (Ramsar 2006).
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|Ongoing (2006)
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−
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|-
 
|-
 
|10. Geological Events
 
|10. Geological Events
 
|
 
|
−
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|Absent
 
|
 
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|
 
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|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
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|11. Climate change & severe weather
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| 11. Climate change & severe weather
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 +
|Unknown
 
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|12. Other options
 
|12. Other options
 
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−
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|Absent
 
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[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
 
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
  
 +
= Conservation activities =      <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
  
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'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Lake Barombi Mbo Forest Reserve'''
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= Conservation activities =      <!-- a text overview of conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
 
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This sections describes conservation interventions implemented at the site, including information on which organizations are implementing them and thereby provides context for the conservation activities listed in the table below.
 
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'''Table 4: Conservation activities in XXXX'''
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
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!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
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!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
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!Specific activity   <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
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!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
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!Description         <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
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!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
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!Year of activity         <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets -->
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!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
 
|-
 
|-
 
|1. Residential & commercial development
 
|1. Residential & commercial development
−
|
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|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
 
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|3. Energy production & mining
 
|3. Energy production & mining
−
|
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|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|4. Transportation & service corridors
 
|4. Transportation & service corridors
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|5. Biological resource use
 
|5. Biological resource use
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|6. Human intrusions & disturbance
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|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|7. Natural system modifications
 
|7. Natural system modifications
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
 
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|9. Pollution
 
|9. Pollution
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|10. Education & Awareness  
 
|10. Education & Awareness  
−
|
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|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|11. Habitat Protection
 
|11. Habitat Protection
−
|
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|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|12. Species Management
 
|12. Species Management
−
|
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|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives  
 
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives  
−
|
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|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
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[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
 
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
  
 +
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
  
−
 
+
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Lake Barombi Mbo Forest Reserve'''
−
= Impediments = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
−
 
+
!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
−
 
+
!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
−
Description of impediments that may hamper conservation activities.
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
'''Table 5: Impediments reported for XXXX'''
 
−
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="impediments-table"
 
−
!align="left"|Impediment  <!-- Do not change categories -->
 
−
!Source   <!-- source for impediment mentioned -->
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
−
 
−
 
  
 
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
 
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
−
 
−
 
−
Short description of past and ongoing research activities at the site.
 
−
 
  
 
===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
 
===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
  
−
'''Table 6: Ape behaviors reported for XXXX'''
+
'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Lake Barombi Mbo Forest Reserve'''
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
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!align="left"|Behavior <!-- Do not change categories -->
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!align="left"|Behavior
−
!Source   <!-- source for behavior -->
+
!Source
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
 
+
=External links=
−
===Relevant datasets===
+
[https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2011-123-En.pdf IUCN Regional Action Plan for the Conservation of the Nigeria-Cameroon Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes ellioti)]
−
[http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal]
 
−
 
 
−
<br>
 
  
  
 
= References =
 
= References =
−
 
+
Eno Nku, M. (2004). Large mammal reconnaissance surveys of Lake Barombi Mbo and Southern Banduku Forests Reserves, SW Province. Report to Wildlife Conservation Society & MINEF. <br>
 +
Ramsar (2006). Barombi Mbo Crater Lake. Online: https://rsis.ramsar.org/fr/ris/1643 <br>
  
 
<br>
 
<br>
−
'''Page completed by:'''XXXX '''   Date:''' DD/MM/YY  <br>
+
'''Page completed by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki team''' Date:''' 28/02/2022 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
−
 
 
−
<i>Please consider whether any information you would like to add is sensitive and could be misused to harm apes. Please do not add such information. If unsure, you can contact the Wiki manager (contact details on start page) for clarification.</i>
 
−
<br><br>
 

Latest revision as of 04:52, 28 February 2022

Central Africa > Cameroon > Lake Barombi Mbo Forest Reserve

Summary

Loading map...
  • Nigeria-Cameroon Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes ellioti) are present in Lake Barombi Mbo Forest Reserve.
  • The population size is unknown.
  • The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
  • The site has a total size of 8.5 km².
  • Key threats to chimpanzees are logging, hunting, encroachment due to agricultural expansion, and uncontrolled harvesting of terrestrial plants.
  • Conservation activities are not documented.
  • The site is designated as a Ramsar site and features Lake Barombi, well-known for its high density of endemic species.

Site characteristics

The Lake Barombi Forest Reserve is located in eastern Cameroon and covers an area of over 850 ha. The site is named after an oval lake 2.5 km in diameter and 110 m deep, lying in a crater with a slope of 150 m at its highest point, and surrounded by tropical forest (Eno Nku 2004). The lake is famous among biologists for the occurrence of 12 endemic fish species, making it one of the places with the highest densities of endemic species per area in the world (Ramsar 2006). The site is also important due to the presence of freshwater sponges, one of which (Corvospongilla thysi) is also endemic. The lake is an important sacred site to the Barombi Mbo People and also used for fishing, transport, and farming of the surrounding land (Ramsar 2006). It is also a source of clean water for the metropolis of Kumba and its surrounding (Ramsar 2006). The site was designated as a Ramsar site in 2006.

Table 1. Basic site information for Lake Barombi Mbo Forest Reserve

Area 8.5 km²
Coordinates 4.669490 N, 9.382303 E
Designation Forest Reserve
Habitat types Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status

Vocalisation documented during a recce survey (Eno Nku 2004).

Table 2. Ape population estimates in Lake Barombi Mbo Forest Reserve

Species Year Abundance estimate (95% CI) Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) Encounter rate (nests/km) Area Method Source Comments A.P.E.S. database ID
Pan troglodytes ellioti 2004 Present Lake Barombi Mbo Forest Reserve Index survey (reconnaissance walk) Eno Nku (2004) survey effort 4.5 km

Threats

The competition for farmland in the area that began in 1989 led to the extensive conversion of forest into farmland (Eno Nku 2004). A stripe of forest still exists along the lakeshore to shield the farms, but behind is extended plantations. Other threats include timber extraction, hunting, farming, fuel wood collection, overfishing, use of pesticides, and uncontrolled harvesting of NTFPs (Eno Nku 2004).

Table 3. Threats to apes in Lake Barombi Mbo Forest Reserve

Category Specific threats Threat level Quantified severity Description Year of threat
1. Residential & commercial development Unknown
2. Agriculture & aquaculture 2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops High Habitat encroachment due to agricultural expansion (Eno Nku 2004). Ongoing (2004)
3. Energy production & mining Unknown
4. Transportation & service corridors Unknown
5. Biological resource use 5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals High Unsustainable hunting (Eno Nku 2004). Ongoing (2004)
5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants High Uncontrolled harvesting of NTFPs (Eno Nku 2004). Ongoing (2004)
5.3 Logging & wood harvesting High Timber extraction and fuelwood collection (Eno Nku 2004). Ongoing (2004)
6. Human intrusion & disturbance Unknown
7. Natural system modifications Unknown
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases Unknown
9. Pollution 9.3 Agricultural & forestry effluents Present, but threat severity unknown Pesticide spraying of cocoa-trees (Ramsar 2006). Ongoing (2006)
10. Geological Events Absent
11. Climate change & severe weather Unknown
12. Other options Absent

IUCN Threats list

Conservation activities

Table 4. Conservation activities in Lake Barombi Mbo Forest Reserve

Category Specific activity Description Year of activity
1. Residential & commercial development Not reported
2. Agriculture & aquaculture Not reported
3. Energy production & mining Not reported
4. Transportation & service corridors Not reported
5. Biological resource use Not reported
6. Human intrusion & disturbance Not reported
7. Natural system modifications Not reported
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases Not reported
9. Pollution Not reported
10. Education & Awareness Not reported
11. Habitat Protection Not reported
12. Species Management Not reported
13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives Not reported

Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)

Challenges

Table 5. Challenges reported for Lake Barombi Mbo Forest Reserve

Challenge Source
Not reported

Research activities

Documented behaviours

Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Lake Barombi Mbo Forest Reserve

Behavior Source
Not reported

External links

IUCN Regional Action Plan for the Conservation of the Nigeria-Cameroon Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes ellioti)


References

Eno Nku, M. (2004). Large mammal reconnaissance surveys of Lake Barombi Mbo and Southern Banduku Forests Reserves, SW Province. Report to Wildlife Conservation Society & MINEF.
Ramsar (2006). Barombi Mbo Crater Lake. Online: https://rsis.ramsar.org/fr/ris/1643


Page completed by: A.P.E.S. Wiki team Date: 28/02/2022

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