0
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Line 9:
Line 9: − + + − + − + Line 23:
Line 24: − + − + − pigmy hippopotamus (''Hexaprotodon liberiensis''), Jentink’s duiker (''Cephalophus jentinki''), red colobus (''Procolobus badius''), and Diana monkeys (''Cercopithecus diana diana'') are found in the park (N'Goran 2010). Line 32:
Line 32: − + − + − + Line 42:
Line 42: − + − + + Line 52:
Line 53: − + Line 61:
Line 62: − + Line 72:
Line 73: − + Line 83:
Line 84: − + Line 94:
Line 95: − + − + Line 105:
Line 106: − + − + Line 116:
Line 117: + − + − + − Line 218:
Line 219: + − + + + Line 307:
Line 311: + + Line 329:
Line 335: + + Line 358:
Line 366: − +
no edit summary
rather than several keywords such as "Industrial mining", "Large-scale mining", and "Mining".
rather than several keywords such as "Industrial mining", "Large-scale mining", and "Mining".
-->
-->
> [[West Africa]] > [[Liberia]] > [[Sapo National Park]]
> please add information to this site!
[[West Africa]] > [[Liberia]] > [[Sapo National Park]]
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->
* Western chimpanzees ([https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15935/17989872 ''Pan troglodytes verus'']) are present in Sapo National Park.
* Western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus'') are present in Sapo National Park.
* The total abundance was 1,055 (CI: 595-1,870) in 2017.
* It has been estimated that 1,055 (CI: 595-1,870) individuals occur in the site.
* The chimpanzee population trend is stable.
* The chimpanzee population trend is stable.
* The park has a total size of 1,804 km².
* The park has a total size of 1,804 km².
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
Located in southeastern Liberia (between 5°–6°N and 8°–9°W), Sapo National Park is Liberia's first protected area and represents one of the most intact forest ecosystems of the country (Tweh et al. 2018). The area of the park was extended from 1,304 km² to 1,804 km² in 2003 (Tweh et al. 2018).
Located in southeastern Liberia, Sapo National Park is Liberia's first protected area and represents one of the most intact forest ecosystems of the country (Tweh et al. 2018). The area of the park was extended from 1,304 km² to 1,804 km² in 2003 (Tweh et al. 2018). The park forms part of the Upper Guinean Forest ecosystem, and contains high levels of biodiversity (N'Goran et al. 2010). In addition to the western chimpanzee, other endangered and vulnerable species inhabit the site, including forest elephants (''Loxodonta africana''), pygmy hippopotamus (''Hexaprotodon liberiensis''), Jentink’s duiker (''Cephalophus jentinki''), red colobus (''Piliocolobus badius''), and Diana monkeys (''Cercopithecus diana diana'', N'Goran 2010).
The park forms part of the Upper Guinean Forest ecosystem, and contains high levels of biodiversity (N'Goran et al. 2010). In addition to the West African chimpanzee, other endangered and vulnerable species, including forest elephants (''Loxodonta cyclotis''),
'''Table 1: Basic site information for Sapo National Park'''
'''Table 1: Basic site information for Sapo National Park'''
|1804 km²
|1804 km²
|-
|-
| Coordinates <!-- coords -->
|Coordinates <!-- coords -->
|5.413351 N, -8.488294 W
|5.41 N, -8.49 W
|-
|-
| Designation: <!-- Protected area, Forestry concession, Community reserve -->
|Designation: <!-- Protected area, Forestry concession, Community reserve -->
|National park
|National park
|-
|-
|}
|}
[http://www.unitar.org/hiroshima/sites/unitar.org.hiroshima/files/Annex%201%20-%20IUCN%20Classification%20Schemes.pdf IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
[http://www.unitar.org/hiroshima/sites/unitar.org.hiroshima/files/Annex%201%20-%20IUCN%20Classification%20Schemes.pdf IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
<br>
<br> <br>
= Ape status = <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
= Ape status = <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
A survey in 1982 (one year before the establishment of the park), confirmed the presence of chimpanzees in the Sapo forest (Anderson et al. 1983). Based on the estimates from two surveys, one in 2009 (N'Goran et al. 2010) and a second one in 2017 (Tweh et al. 2018), the chimpanzee population in the park has remained relatively stable, with an estimated abundance of approximately 1,055 individuals.
A survey in 1982 (one year before the establishment of the park), confirmed the presence of chimpanzees in the Sapo forest (Anderson et al. 1983). Based on the estimates from two surveys, one in 2009 (N'Goran et al. 2010) and a second one in 2017 (Tweh et al. 2018), the chimpanzee population in the park has remained relatively stable, with an estimated abundance of approximately 1,055 individuals.
'''Table 2: Great ape population estimates in Sapo National Park'''
'''Table 2: Great ape population estimates in Sapo National Park'''
! Species
! Species
! Year
! Year
! Abundance estimate (95% confidence interval)
! Abundance estimate (95% Confidence Interval)
! Density estimate (per km2)
! Density estimate (per km2)
! Encounter rate
! Encounter rate
! A.P.E.S. database ID
! A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|Western chimpanzee
|1983
|1983
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|Western chimpanzee
|2002
|2002
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|Western chimpanzee
|2007-2009
|2007-2009
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|Western chimpanzee
|2009
|2009
|1079 (713-1633)
|1079 (CI: 713-1633)
|0.86
|0.86
|4.05
|4.05
|
|
|-
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|Western chimpanzee
|2016-2017
|2016-2017
|1055 (595-1870)
|1055 (CI: 595-1870)
|0.83
|0.83
|
|
|
|
|}
|}
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
Sapo National Park has been primarily threatened by illegal hunting and mining (Tweh et al. 2018; Greengrass 2016; N'Goran et al. 2010). An estimated 18,000 illegal miners were inhabiting the park in 2010, the majority of which was evicted by the government on the same year (Vogt 2011).
Sapo National Park has been primarily threatened by illegal hunting and mining (Tweh et al. 2018; Greengrass 2015; N'Goran et al. 2010). An estimated 18,000 illegal miners were inhabiting the park in 2010, the majority of which was evicted by the government on the same year (Vogt 2011). A survey of two commercial hunting camps bordering the park revealed high hunting pressure in the area, and the majority of bushmeat harvested was destined to urban areas (Greengrass 2015). The carcasses documented during this survey included chimpanzees as well as other endangered and vulnerable species, such as the red colobus monkey, Diana monkey, and pygmy hippopotamus. Furthermore, the development of the road network around the park is expected to increase hunting pressure and facilitate the bushmeat trade (Greengrass 2015), as well as other illegal activities in the park.
A survey of two commercial hunting camps bordering the park revealed high hunting pressure in the area, and the majority of bushmeat harvested was destined to urban areas (Greengrass 2016). The carcassess documented during this survey included chimpanzees as well as other endangered and vulnerable species, such as the red colobus monkey, Diana monkey, and pygmy hippopotamus.
Furthermore, the development of the road network around the park is expected to increase hunting pressure and facilitate the bushmeat trade (Greengrass 2016), as well as other illegal activities in the park.
'''Table 3: Threats to great apes in Sapo National Park'''
'''Table 3: Threats to great apes in Sapo National Park'''
|}
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
= Conservation activities = <!-- a text overview of conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
= Conservation activities = <!-- a text overview of conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
The national park forms part of the Tai-Grebo-Sapo Forest Complex, which is a conservation priority in West Africa. Conservation efforts in Sapo National Park have mainly focused on law enforcement, conservation awareness, and bio-monitoring. The WCF has supported Community Watch Teams (CWT), which comprise members from surrounding communities, and regulary patrol and support FDA rangers (WCF 2019). CWTs have played an important role in the eviction of illegal miners from the national park (WCF 2019). In 2012, Fauna & Flora International established a long-term bio-monitoring programme to follow the population trends for chimpanzees, pygmy hippotamuses, elephants, as well as duikers, birds, reptiles, and amphibians (Tweh et al. 2018). Together with Liberia's Forestry Development Authority, permanent transects are surveyed twice a year as part of this long-term bio-monitoring programme (Tweh et al. 2018).
The national park forms part of the Tai-Grebo-Sapo Forest Complex, which is a conservation priority in West Africa. Conservation efforts in Sapo National Park have mainly focused on law enforcement, conservation awareness, and bio-monitoring. The WCF has supported Community Watch Teams (CWT), which comprise members from surrounding communities, and regularly patrol and support FDA rangers (WCF 2019). CWTs have played an important role in the eviction of illegal miners from the national park (WCF 2019). In 2012, Fauna & Flora International established a long-term bio-monitoring program to follow the population trends for chimpanzees, pygmy hippopotamuses, elephants, as well as duikers, birds, reptiles, and amphibians (Tweh et al. 2018). Together with Liberia's Forestry Development Authority, permanent transects are surveyed twice a year as part of this long-term bio-monitoring program (Tweh et al. 2018).
<br>
'''Table 4: Conservation activities in Sapo National Park'''
'''Table 4: Conservation activities in Sapo National Park'''
|}
|}
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
= Impediments = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->
= Impediments = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->
'''Table 5: Impediments reported for Sapo National Park'''
'''Table 5: Impediments reported for Sapo National Park'''
Several surveys have been done in the park to monitor the chimpanzee population (e.g., N'Goran et al. 2010, Tweh et al. 2018), assess the impacts of conservation interventions (Tweh et al. 2018), investigate the behavior and ecology of chimpanzees in the park (Anderson et al. 1983), and investigate the impact of hunting pressure in the area (Greengrass 2015).
Several surveys have been done in the park to monitor the chimpanzee population (e.g., N'Goran et al. 2010, Tweh et al. 2018), assess the impacts of conservation interventions (Tweh et al. 2018), investigate the behavior and ecology of chimpanzees in the park (Anderson et al. 1983), and investigate the impact of hunting pressure in the area (Greengrass 2015).
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
'''Table 6: Great ape behaviors reported for Sapo National Park'''
'''Table 6: Great ape behaviors reported for Sapo National Park'''
<br>
<br>
'''Page completed by:''' A.P.E.S. Wiki Team '''Date:''' 19/03/19 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
'''Page completed by:''' A.P.E.S. Wiki Team '''Date:''' 30/08/2019 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
<br><br>
<br><br>