Difference between revisions of "Lobéké National Park"
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− | <!-- INSTRUCTIONS FOR | + | <!-- INSTRUCTIONS FOR UPLOADING SITE INFORMATION |
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− | - Tables and | + | 3) To make information comparable across wiki pages, keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. This is why we use official lists, e.g., IUCN classification lists, in our tables. |
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+ | [[Central Africa]] > [[Cameroon]] > [[Lobéké National Park]] | ||
− | + | = Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map --> | |
− | + | [[File: 2 Gorillas Petit Savanne Bai Lobeke 2023 April_11zon.jpg | 400px | thumb| right | Gorillas in the Petite Savanne Bai, Lobeke © Dirck Byler]] | |
− | = Summary = | + | * Central chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes troglodytes'') & western lowland gorillas (''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'') are present in Lobéké National Park. |
− | + | * It has been estimated that 2,658 gorillas and chimpanzees occur in the site. | |
− | * | + | * The great ape population trend is decreasing. |
− | * | + | * The site has a total size of 2,153 km². |
− | * | + | * Poaching is a key threat to chimpanzees and gorillas. |
− | * | + | * The site forms part of the Sangha Trinational transboundary conservation landscape. |
− | * | + | [[File: Gorillas Petit Savanne Bai Lobeke NP Dirck Byler 2023 April_11zon.jpg | 400px | thumb| right | Gorillas in the Petite Savanne Bai, Lobeke © Dirck Byler]] |
− | + | = Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information --> | |
+ | Lobéké National Park is situated in the southeast corner of Cameroon. The park forms part of the Sangha Trinational (TNS) transboundary conservation landscape, which also includes [[Dzanga-Ndoki National Park]] in the Central African Republic, and [[Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park]] in the Republic of Congo (N'Goran 2017; BirdLife International 2020). With at least 305 bird species recorded, Lobéké National Park is a designated Important Bird Area (BirdLife International 2020). The saline swamps found in Lobéké attract large numbers of elephants and bongos, and the park contains a significant proportion of untouched primary forest (BirdLife International 2020). The park has one of the highest concentrations of gorillas and elephants in the continent ([https://fondationtns.org/en/ Sangha Tri-national Trust fund]). | ||
− | + | '''Table 1. Basic site information for Lobéké National Park''' | |
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− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | '''Table 1 | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information" | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information" | ||
− | | Area | + | | Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha --> |
− | | | + | |2,153 km² |
|- | |- | ||
− | | Coordinates | + | |Coordinates |
− | | | + | |2.298493 N, 15.689466 E |
|- | |- | ||
− | | Designation | + | |Designation |
− | + | |National Park | |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Habitat types | + | |Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below --> |
− | | | + | |Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical/tropical swamp forest, marshes |
|} | |} | ||
− | [ | + | [https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]] |
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
+ | = Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results --> | ||
− | + | '''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Lobéké National Park''' | |
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | '''Table 2 | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table" | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table" | ||
! Species | ! Species | ||
! Year | ! Year | ||
− | ! Abundance estimate (95% | + | ! Abundance estimate (95% CI) |
− | ! Density estimate ( | + | ! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) |
! Encounter rate (nests/km) | ! Encounter rate (nests/km) | ||
! Area | ! Area | ||
Line 72: | Line 53: | ||
! A.P.E.S. database ID | ! A.P.E.S. database ID | ||
|- | |- | ||
+ | |''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'' & ''Pan troglodytes troglodytes'' | ||
+ | |2015 | ||
+ | |2,658 | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
+ | |Lobéké National Park | ||
+ | |Line transects (Distance) | ||
+ | |N'Goran 2017 | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'' & ''Pan troglodytes troglodytes'' | ||
+ | |2009 | ||
+ | |2,685 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |Lobéké National Park | ||
+ | |Unknown | ||
+ | |N'Goran 2017 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'' & ''Pan troglodytes troglodytes'' | ||
+ | |2006 | ||
+ | |5,598 | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
+ | |Lobéké National Park | ||
+ | |Unknown | ||
+ | |N'Goran 2017 | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'' & ''Pan troglodytes troglodytes'' | ||
+ | |2002 | ||
+ | |6,360 | ||
| | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |Lobéké National Park | ||
+ | |Unknown | ||
+ | |N'Goran 2017 | ||
+ | | | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
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= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats --> | = Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats --> | ||
− | + | '''Table 3. Threats to apes in Lobéké National Park''' | |
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | '''Table 3 | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table" | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table" | ||
− | !align="left"|Category | + | !align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES --> |
− | !Specific threats | + | !Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below --> |
− | !Threat level | + | !Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown--> |
− | !Quantified severity <!-- e.g., encounter | + | !Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates--> |
− | !Description | + | !Description <!-- Add descriptive information --> |
− | !Year of threat | + | !Year of threat <!-- Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses --> |
|- | |- | ||
|1. Residential & commercial development | |1. Residential & commercial development | ||
| | | | ||
− | | | + | |Unknown |
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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|2. Agriculture & aquaculture | |2. Agriculture & aquaculture | ||
| | | | ||
− | | | + | |Unknown |
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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|3. Energy production & mining | |3. Energy production & mining | ||
| | | | ||
− | | | + | |Unknown |
| | | | ||
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|4. Transportation & service corridors | |4. Transportation & service corridors | ||
| | | | ||
− | | | + | |Unknown |
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|5. Biological resource use | |5. Biological resource use | ||
+ | |5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals | ||
+ | |High | ||
+ | |Hunting encounter rates increased from 0.11 sign/km in 2002, to 0.17 sign/km in 2009, to 0.25 sign/km in 2015 (N'Goran 2017). | ||
| | | | ||
− | | | + | |Ongoing (2017) |
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
− | |6. Human | + | |6. Human intrusion & disturbance |
− | |||
| | | | ||
+ | |Unknown | ||
| | | | ||
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|7. Natural system modifications | |7. Natural system modifications | ||
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− | | | + | |Unknown |
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|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases | |8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases | ||
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− | | | + | |Unknown |
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|9. Pollution | |9. Pollution | ||
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− | | | + | |Unknown |
| | | | ||
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|10. Geological Events | |10. Geological Events | ||
| | | | ||
− | | | + | |Absent |
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |11. Climate change & severe weather | + | | 11. Climate change & severe weather |
− | |||
| | | | ||
+ | |Unknown | ||
| | | | ||
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|12. Other options | |12. Other options | ||
| | | | ||
− | | | + | |Absent |
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list] | [https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list] | ||
+ | = Conservation activities = <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities --> | ||
+ | The [https://fondationtns.org/en/support-for-conservation-and-monitoring/ Sangha Tri-National Trust Fund] has contributed to the implementation of several conservation activities across the TNS; the WWF has helped develop and improve management plans for the area through their [https://www.wwf-congobasin.org/where_we_work/cameroon/jengi_programme/ Jengi programme]. | ||
− | + | '''Table 4. Conservation activities in Lobéké National Park''' | |
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− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | '''Table 4 | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table" | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table" | ||
− | !align="left"|Category | + | !align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES --> |
− | !Specific activity | + | !Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” --> |
− | !Description | + | !Description <!-- Add descriptive information --> |
− | !Year of activity | + | !Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information --> |
|- | |- | ||
|1. Residential & commercial development | |1. Residential & commercial development | ||
− | | | + | |Not reported |
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture | |2. Agriculture & aquaculture | ||
− | | | + | |Not reported |
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|3. Energy production & mining | |3. Energy production & mining | ||
− | | | + | |Not reported |
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|4. Transportation & service corridors | |4. Transportation & service corridors | ||
− | | | + | |Not reported |
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|5. Biological resource use | |5. Biological resource use | ||
− | | | + | |Not reported |
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |6. Human | + | |6. Human intrusion & disturbance |
− | | | + | |Not reported |
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|7. Natural system modifications | |7. Natural system modifications | ||
− | | | + | |Not reported |
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases | |8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases | ||
− | | | + | |Not reported |
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|9. Pollution | |9. Pollution | ||
− | | | + | |Not reported |
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|10. Education & Awareness | |10. Education & Awareness | ||
− | | | + | |Not reported |
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|11. Habitat Protection | |11. Habitat Protection | ||
− | | | + | |Not reported |
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|12. Species Management | |12. Species Management | ||
− | | | + | |Not reported |
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives | |13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives | ||
− | | | + | |Not reported |
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]] | [[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]] | ||
+ | = Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation --> | ||
− | + | '''Table 5. Challenges reported for Lobéké National Park''' | |
− | + | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table" | |
− | + | !align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories --> | |
− | + | !Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned --> | |
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | '''Table 5 | ||
− | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class=" | ||
− | !align="left"| | ||
− | !Source | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | |Not reported |
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
− | |||
− | |||
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities --> | = Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities --> | ||
− | + | Several studies have been conducted at Lobéké National Park. A recent study found that changes in land cover from 2001 to 2014 influenced great ape nest distribution (Yuh et al. 2019). | |
− | |||
− | |||
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations --> | ===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations --> | ||
− | '''Table 6 | + | '''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Lobéké National Park''' |
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table" | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table" | ||
− | !align="left"|Behavior | + | !align="left"|Behavior |
− | !Source | + | !Source |
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | |Not reported |
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
+ | =External links= | ||
+ | [https://fondationtns.org/en/lobeke-national-park/ The Sangha Tri-National Trust Fund] | ||
===Relevant datasets=== | ===Relevant datasets=== | ||
[http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal] | [http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal] | ||
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= References = | = References = | ||
− | + | N'Goran, K.P. (2017). Summary Report on WWF BIOMONITORING activities from 2014 to 2016 Status of Forest Elephant and Great Apes in Central Africa Priority Sites.<br> | |
+ | BirdLife International. (2020). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Lobéké National Park. Retrieved from http://www.birdlife.org on 23/11/2020.<br> | ||
+ | Yuh, Y. G., Dongmo, Z. N., N’Goran, P. K., Ekodeck, H., Mengamenya, A., Kuehl, H., Sop, T., Tracz, W., Agunbiade, M., & Elvis, T. (2019). Effects of Land cover change on Great Apes distribution at the Lobéké National Park and its surrounding Forest Management Units, South-East Cameroon. A 13 year time series analysis. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36225-2 <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
− | '''Page completed by:''' | + | '''Page completed by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki Team''' Date:''' 06/12/2020 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" --> |
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Latest revision as of 02:40, 25 May 2023
Central Africa > Cameroon > Lobéké National Park
Summary
- Central chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) & western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) are present in Lobéké National Park.
- It has been estimated that 2,658 gorillas and chimpanzees occur in the site.
- The great ape population trend is decreasing.
- The site has a total size of 2,153 km².
- Poaching is a key threat to chimpanzees and gorillas.
- The site forms part of the Sangha Trinational transboundary conservation landscape.
Site characteristics
Lobéké National Park is situated in the southeast corner of Cameroon. The park forms part of the Sangha Trinational (TNS) transboundary conservation landscape, which also includes Dzanga-Ndoki National Park in the Central African Republic, and Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park in the Republic of Congo (N'Goran 2017; BirdLife International 2020). With at least 305 bird species recorded, Lobéké National Park is a designated Important Bird Area (BirdLife International 2020). The saline swamps found in Lobéké attract large numbers of elephants and bongos, and the park contains a significant proportion of untouched primary forest (BirdLife International 2020). The park has one of the highest concentrations of gorillas and elephants in the continent (Sangha Tri-national Trust fund).
Table 1. Basic site information for Lobéké National Park
Area | 2,153 km² |
Coordinates | 2.298493 N, 15.689466 E |
Designation | National Park |
Habitat types | Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical/tropical swamp forest, marshes |
IUCN habitat categories Site designations
Ape status
Table 2. Ape population estimates in Lobéké National Park
Species | Year | Abundance estimate (95% CI) | Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) | Encounter rate (nests/km) | Area | Method | Source | Comments | A.P.E.S. database ID |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gorilla gorilla gorilla & Pan troglodytes troglodytes | 2015 | 2,658 | Lobéké National Park | Line transects (Distance) | N'Goran 2017 | ||||
Gorilla gorilla gorilla & Pan troglodytes troglodytes | 2009 | 2,685 | Lobéké National Park | Unknown | N'Goran 2017 | ||||
Gorilla gorilla gorilla & Pan troglodytes troglodytes | 2006 | 5,598 | Lobéké National Park | Unknown | N'Goran 2017 | ||||
Gorilla gorilla gorilla & Pan troglodytes troglodytes | 2002 | 6,360 | Lobéké National Park | Unknown | N'Goran 2017 |
Threats
Table 3. Threats to apes in Lobéké National Park
Category | Specific threats | Threat level | Quantified severity | Description | Year of threat |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Residential & commercial development | Unknown | ||||
2. Agriculture & aquaculture | Unknown | ||||
3. Energy production & mining | Unknown | ||||
4. Transportation & service corridors | Unknown | ||||
5. Biological resource use | 5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals | High | Hunting encounter rates increased from 0.11 sign/km in 2002, to 0.17 sign/km in 2009, to 0.25 sign/km in 2015 (N'Goran 2017). | Ongoing (2017) | |
6. Human intrusion & disturbance | Unknown | ||||
7. Natural system modifications | Unknown | ||||
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases | Unknown | ||||
9. Pollution | Unknown | ||||
10. Geological Events | Absent | ||||
11. Climate change & severe weather | Unknown | ||||
12. Other options | Absent |
Conservation activities
The Sangha Tri-National Trust Fund has contributed to the implementation of several conservation activities across the TNS; the WWF has helped develop and improve management plans for the area through their Jengi programme.
Table 4. Conservation activities in Lobéké National Park
Category | Specific activity | Description | Year of activity |
---|---|---|---|
1. Residential & commercial development | Not reported | ||
2. Agriculture & aquaculture | Not reported | ||
3. Energy production & mining | Not reported | ||
4. Transportation & service corridors | Not reported | ||
5. Biological resource use | Not reported | ||
6. Human intrusion & disturbance | Not reported | ||
7. Natural system modifications | Not reported | ||
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases | Not reported | ||
9. Pollution | Not reported | ||
10. Education & Awareness | Not reported | ||
11. Habitat Protection | Not reported | ||
12. Species Management | Not reported | ||
13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives | Not reported |
Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)
Challenges
Table 5. Challenges reported for Lobéké National Park
Challenge | Source |
---|---|
Not reported |
Research activities
Several studies have been conducted at Lobéké National Park. A recent study found that changes in land cover from 2001 to 2014 influenced great ape nest distribution (Yuh et al. 2019).
Documented behaviours
Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Lobéké National Park
Behavior | Source |
---|---|
Not reported |
External links
The Sangha Tri-National Trust Fund
Relevant datasets
References
N'Goran, K.P. (2017). Summary Report on WWF BIOMONITORING activities from 2014 to 2016 Status of Forest Elephant and Great Apes in Central Africa Priority Sites.
BirdLife International. (2020). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Lobéké National Park. Retrieved from http://www.birdlife.org on 23/11/2020.
Yuh, Y. G., Dongmo, Z. N., N’Goran, P. K., Ekodeck, H., Mengamenya, A., Kuehl, H., Sop, T., Tracz, W., Agunbiade, M., & Elvis, T. (2019). Effects of Land cover change on Great Apes distribution at the Lobéké National Park and its surrounding Forest Management Units, South-East Cameroon. A 13 year time series analysis. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36225-2
Page completed by: A.P.E.S. Wiki Team Date: 06/12/2020