Zone Humide d'Ebogo

Central Africa > Cameroon > Zone Humide d'Ebogo

Summary

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• Central chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) and western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) are present in Zone Humide d'Ebogo.
• The population sizes are unknown.
• The population trends are unknown.
• The site has a total size of 30.97 km².
• Forest loss and forest degradation due to wood harvesting, agriculture and collection of non-timber forest products are some of the known threats in the site.
• Conservation activities are unknown.
• The site was designated a Ramsar site in 2012.

Site characteristics

The site is located about 40 km south of Yaoundé, the capital city of Cameroon. The area supports several IUCN Red-Listed plant species including the African Pearwood (Baillonella toxisperma), Sapele (Entandrophragma cylindricum) and Ebony (Diospyros crassiflora). It also supports nationally important animal species such as the Nile Monitor (Varanus niloticus) and the African Python (Python sebae) as well as over 100 waterbird species. The temporarily flooded marshes serve as food and breeding ground for waterbirds. It was designated as a Ramsar site in 2012. The forest also supports a rich diversity of non-timber forest products important to the local population both as a source of food and as a cultural heritage (Ramsar 2012). The area is surrounded by the Mbalyamo Forest Reserve.

Table 1. Basic site information for Zone Humide d'Ebogo

Area	30.97 km²
Coordinates	3.393683, 11.483002
Designation	Forest Reserve
Habitat types	Subtropical/tropical swamp forest

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status

Table 2. Ape population estimates in Zone Humide d'Ebogo

Species	Year	Abundance estimate (95% CI)	Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)	Encounter rate (nests/km)	Area	Method	Source	Comments	A.P.E.S. database ID
Pan troglodytes troglodytes					Zone Humide d'Ebogo
Gorilla gorilla gorilla					Zone Humide d'Ebogo

Threats

Table 3. Threats to apes in Zone Humide d'Ebogo

Category	Specific threats	Threat level	Quantified severity	Description	Year of threat
1. Residential & commercial development	1.1 Housing & urban areas	Low		Built areas around the eastern and western boundaries of the site (Liliane et al. 2022).	Ongoing (2022)
2. Agriculture & aquaculture	2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops	High		Agriculture is a major cause of forest degradation in and around the site (Liliane et al. 2022).	Ongoing (2022)
3. Energy production & mining		Unknown
4. Transportation & service corridors		Unknown
5. Biological resource use	5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants	High		Collection of NFTPs for food and medicine (Liliane et al. 2022).	Ongoing (2022)
	5.3 Logging & wood harvesting	High		Wood harvesting (Liliane et al. 2022).	Ongoing (2022)
6. Human intrusion & disturbance		Unknown
7. Natural system modifications		Unknown
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases		Unknown
9. Pollution		Unknown
10. Geological Events		Absent
11. Climate change & severe weather		Unknown
12. Other options		Absent

IUCN Threats list

Conservation activities

Table 4. Conservation activities in Zone Humide d'Ebogo

Category	Specific activity	Description	Year of activity
1. Residential & commercial development	Not reported
2. Agriculture & aquaculture	Not reported
3. Energy production & mining	Not reported
4. Transportation & service corridors	Not reported
5. Biological resource use	Not reported
6. Human intrusion & disturbance	Not reported
7. Natural system modifications	Not reported
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases	Not reported
9. Pollution	Not reported
10. Education & Awareness	Not reported
11. Habitat Protection	11.2. Legally protect primate habitat	The site is protected internationally as a Ramsar site since 2012, but the management plan and national authority for the site are unknown (UNEP-WCMC 2023).	Ongoing (2023)
12. Species Management	Not reported
13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives	Not reported

Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)

Challenges

Table 5. Challenges reported for Zone Humide d'Ebogo

Challenge	Source
Not reported

Research activities

Documented behaviours

Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Zone Humide d'Ebogo

Behavior	Source
Not reported

Exposure to climate change impacts

As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. subm. extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2°C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3°C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period. The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (see Kiribou et al. subm. for details).

Table 7. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Zone Humide d'Ebogo

	1981-2010	2021-2050, RCP 2.6	2021-2050, RCP 6.0	2071-2099, RCP 2.6	2071-2099, RCP 6.0
Mean temperature [°C]	23.8	25	24.9	25.2	26.2
Annual precipitation [mm]	2228	2308	2326	2389	2375
Max no. consecutive dry days (per year)	28.6	17.3	18.5	15.3	21.4
No. days with heavy precipitation (per year)	6	7.8	8.1	8.5	9.5

Table 8. Projected exposure of apes to extreme climate impact events in Zone Humide d'Ebogo

	No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 2.6)	% of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 2.6)	No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 6.0)	% of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 6.0)	No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 2.6)	% of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 2.6)	No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 6.0)	% of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 6.0)
Crop failure	7	1.3	4.5	1.28	4.5	0.78	16.5	0.96
Drought	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heatwave	0	0	0.5	50	2.5	100	2	100
River flood	1	0.35	2	4.69	0.5	2.76	3	0.84
Tropical cyclone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wildfire	30	0.27	30	0.3	29	0.28	29	0.33

• 

  Precipitation anomaly in Zone Humide d'Ebogo
• 

  Temperature anomaly in Zone Humide d'Ebogo

External links

Ramsar

References

Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H.S., Ferreira, J., Sop, T., Carvalho, J., Mengel, M., Heinicke, S. (subm) Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts.
Liliane, M. D., Romain, N. J., Caroline, M. S. M., Abigaelle, T., & Loic, T. T. A. (2022). Quantifying Forest Loss in the Mbalmayo Forest Reserve (Center Region, Cameroon). Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 10(9), 271-288.
Ramsar (2012. Zone Humide d'Ebogo. Online: https://rsis.ramsar.org/fr/ris/2068
UNEP-WCMC (2023). Protected Area Profile for Zone Humide d'Ebogo from the World Database on Protected Areas, May 2023. Available at: www.protectedplanet.net

Page completed by: A.P.E.S. Wiki team Date: 26/05/2023