Difference between revisions of "Mwagna National Park"

From A.P.E.S. wiki
Jump to navigation Jump to search
(Created page with "<!-- INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING SITE INFORMATION - Please consider whether any information you would like to add is sensitive and could be misused to harm apes. Please do no...")
 
 
(5 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
−
<!-- INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING SITE INFORMATION
+
<!-- INSTRUCTIONS FOR UPLOADING SITE INFORMATION
−
 
+
- Wiki pages contain information in paragraphs, tables, lists, and images.
−
- Please consider whether any information you would like to add is sensitive and could be misused to harm apes. Please do not add such information. If unsure, you can contact the Wiki manager (contact details on start page) for clarification.
+
- Text and images are not restricted, and their formats can be chosen as desired.  
−
 
+
- Tables and lists are extracted as data, so the following restrictions apply to them:
−
- Wiki site pages contain information in paragraphs of text, tables, keyword lists, and images
+
   1) Table structure cannot be changed.
−
- Text paragraphs and images are not restricted, so text format and images can be chosen as desired.  
+
   2) List format should not change, i.e. they are comma separated lists, not bullet points or numbered lists.  
−
- Tables and keyword lists are extracted as data, and so have the following restrictions:
+
   3) To make information comparable across wiki pages, keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. This is why we use official lists, e.g., IUCN classification lists, in our tables.
−
   1) Table structure cannot be changed
 
−
   2) Keyword format should not change, i.e. they are comma separated lists, not bullet points or numbered lists.  
 
−
   3) Keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. A link to the keyword list page is found adjacent
 
−
    to the relevant table or keyword list. This ensures that the same keyword always refers to the same concept, e.g. Everybody uses "Industrial mining",  
 
−
    rather than several keywords such as "Industrial mining", "Large-scale mining", and "Mining".  
 
 
-->
 
-->
 +
[[Central Africa]] > [[Gabon]] > [[Mwagna National Park]]
  
−
[[Region]] > [[Country]] > [[Site]]
+
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
−
 
+
<div style="float: right">
−
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->
+
{{#display_map: height=240px | width=320px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=7 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap
−
 
+
|0.472048, 13.778030~[[Mwagna National Park]]~Central chimpanzees and western lowland gorillas
−
* Ape taxa present  
+
}}
−
* Ape population size
+
</div>
−
* Ape population trend  
+
* Central chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes troglodytes'') & western lowland gorillas (''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'') are present in Mwagna National Park.
−
* This site has a total size of XX km².
+
* The population sizes are unknown.
−
* Key threats to apes are ...
+
* The great ape population trend is unknown.
−
* Additional information
+
* The site has a total size of 1160 km².
 +
* Key threats to great apes are hunting and disease outbreaks.
 +
* Conservation activities are not documented.
 +
* The site is part of the TRIDOM (Trinational Dja-Odzala-Minkébé) landscape.
  
 +
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
  
−
= Site characteristics =
+
The site is located in the far east of Gabon, bordering the Republic of Congo. The park is home to forest elephants, hogs, western lowland gorillas, bongo antelopes, and rare endemic bird and plant species ([https://www.discovergabon.com/park Discover Gabon]). The site is part of the TRIDOM (Trinational Dja-Odzala-Minkébé) landscape.
  
−
 
+
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Mwagna National Park'''
−
This section includes a paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, a brief history of the site and on animals and plants that are known to occur at the site.
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
'''Table 1: Basic site information for XXXX'''
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
−
| Area             <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha   -->
+
| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
−
|
+
|1160  km²
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Coordinates
+
|Coordinates
−
|
+
|0.472048, 13.778030
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Designation     <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc.  -->
+
|Designation
−
|
+
|National Park
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Habitat types   <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (Without number), see link below -->
+
|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
−
|
+
|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest
 
|}
 
|}
−
[http://www.unitar.org/hiroshima/sites/unitar.org.hiroshima/files/Annex%201%20-%20IUCN%20Classification%20Schemes.pdf IUCN habitat categories]   [[Site designations]]
+
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
−
<br>
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
= Ape status =  <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
 
−
 
 
  
 +
= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
  
−
This section includes a brief summary of the survey history, the most recent abundance estimate, date of the estimate, and, if available, the population trend (if explicitely stated in a report/paper).
+
A 2004 survey revealed that the gorilla population in the park was severely impacted by Ebola outbreaks, as the gorillas that were present in 2001 were all gone. During the survey only five very old nests and a termite mound which had been eaten into a long time ago (at least a year and probably more) were recorded. No ape feeding signs were seen (Maisels et al. 2004). Between 2004 and 2012 there was an increase in the encounter rate of nests (Maisels & Akou 2013).
  
−
 
+
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Mwagna National Park'''
−
 
 
−
'''Table 2: Ape population estimates in XXXX'''
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
 
! Species
 
! Species
 
! Year
 
! Year
−
! Abundance estimate (95% confidence interval)
+
! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
−
! Density estimate (per km²)
+
! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
 
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
 
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
 
! Area
 
! Area
Line 72: Line 60:
 
! A.P.E.S. database ID
 
! A.P.E.S. database ID
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'' & ''Pan troglodytes troglodytes''
 +
|2004
 +
|0
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 +
|Mwagna National Park
 +
|Index survey (reconnaissance walk)
 +
|Maisels et al. 2004
 +
|No great apes recorded after the Ebola outbreak.
 
|
 
|
 +
|-
 +
|''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'' & ''Pan troglodytes troglodytes''
 +
|2012
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
|
+
|0.6
−
|
+
|Mwagna National Park
−
|
+
|Line transects and index survey (reconnaissance walk)
 +
|Maisels & Akou 2013
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 86: Line 85:
 
= Threats =    <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
 
= Threats =    <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
  
 +
A drastic reduction in ape numbers occurred between 2001 and 2004 almost certainly due to Ebola outbreaks (Maisels et al. 2004).
  
−
This sections describes threats at the site, particularly those relevant for apes and thereby provides context for the threats listed in the table below.
+
'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Mwagna National Park'''
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
'''Table 3: Threats to apes in XXXX'''
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
−
!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
+
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
−
!Specific threats   <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
+
!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
−
!Threat level       <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: unknown, low, high -->
+
!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
−
!Quantified severity <!-- e.g., encounter rate, number of miners etc. (with reference)-->
+
!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->
−
!Description         <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
+
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
−
!Year of threat     <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets-->
+
!Year of threat <!-- Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
 
|-
 
|-
 
|1. Residential & commercial development
 
|1. Residential & commercial development
 
|
 
|
−
|
+
|Unknown
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 108: Line 105:
 
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
 
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
 
|
 
|
−
|
+
|Unknown
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 115: Line 112:
 
|3. Energy production & mining
 
|3. Energy production & mining
 
|
 
|
−
|
+
|Unknown
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 122: Line 119:
 
|4. Transportation & service corridors
 
|4. Transportation & service corridors
 
|
 
|
−
|
+
|Unknown
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 128: Line 125:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|5. Biological resource use
 
|5. Biological resource use
 +
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
 +
|Present, bu threat level unknown
 
|
 
|
−
|
+
|A survey in 2004 documented the presence of hunting trails (Maisels et al. 2004). One machete cut was recorded inside the park during a survey in 2012; outside the park, snares and shotgun shells were recorded (Maisels & Akou 2013).
−
|
+
|Ongoing (2013)
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|6. Human intrusions & disturbance
+
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
 +
|Unknown
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 143: Line 140:
 
|7. Natural system modifications
 
|7. Natural system modifications
 
|
 
|
−
|
+
|Unknown
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 149: Line 146:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
 
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
 +
|8.5 Viral/prion-induced diseases
 +
|High
 
|
 
|
−
|
+
|Ebola outbreaks in the early 2000s decimated the gorilla population in the park (Maisels & Akou 2013, Bermejo et al. 2006)
−
|
+
|2002-2003
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|9. Pollution
 
|9. Pollution
 
|
 
|
−
|
+
|Unknown
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 164: Line 161:
 
|10. Geological Events
 
|10. Geological Events
 
|
 
|
−
|
+
|Absent
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|11. Climate change & severe weather
+
| 11. Climate change & severe weather
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
 +
|Unknown
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 178: Line 175:
 
|12. Other options
 
|12. Other options
 
|
 
|
−
|
+
|Absent
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 186: Line 183:
 
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
 
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
  
 +
= Conservation activities =      <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
  
−
 
+
'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Mwagna National Park'''
−
= Conservation activities =      <!-- a text overview of conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
This sections describes conservation interventions implemented at the site, including information on which organizations are implementing them and thereby provides context for the conservation activities listed in the table below.
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
'''Table 4: Conservation activities in XXXX'''
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
−
!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
+
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
−
!Specific activity   <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
+
!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
−
!Description         <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
+
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
−
!Year of activity         <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets -->
+
!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
 
|-
 
|-
 
|1. Residential & commercial development
 
|1. Residential & commercial development
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
 
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|3. Energy production & mining
 
|3. Energy production & mining
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|4. Transportation & service corridors
 
|4. Transportation & service corridors
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|5. Biological resource use
 
|5. Biological resource use
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|6. Human intrusions & disturbance
+
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|7. Natural system modifications
 
|7. Natural system modifications
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
 
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|9. Pollution
 
|9. Pollution
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|10. Education & Awareness  
 
|10. Education & Awareness  
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|11. Habitat Protection
 
|11. Habitat Protection
−
|
+
|11.2. Legally protect primate habitat
−
|
+
|The site is a national park.
−
|
+
|Ongoing (2023)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|12. Species Management
 
|12. Species Management
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives  
 
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives  
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 270: Line 260:
 
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
 
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
  
 +
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
  
−
 
+
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Mwagna National Park'''
−
= Impediments = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->
+
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
−
 
+
!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
−
 
+
!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
−
Description of impediments that may hamper conservation activities.
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
'''Table 5: Impediments reported for XXXX'''
 
−
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="impediments-table"
 
−
!align="left"|Impediment  <!-- Do not change categories -->
 
−
!Source   <!-- source for impediment mentioned -->
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
−
 
−
 
  
 
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
 
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
−
 
−
 
−
Short description of past and ongoing research activities at the site.
 
−
 
  
 
===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
 
===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
  
−
'''Table 6: Ape behaviors reported for XXXX'''
+
'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Mwagna National Park'''
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
−
!align="left"|Behavior <!-- Do not change categories -->
+
!align="left"|Behavior
−
!Source   <!-- source for behavior -->
+
!Source
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
 
+
=External links=
−
===Relevant datasets===
 
−
[http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal]
 
−
 
 
−
<br>
 
  
  
 
= References =
 
= References =
−
 
+
Bermejo, M., Rodríguez-Teijeiro, J. D., Illera, G., Barroso, A., Vilà, C., & Walsh, P. D. (2006). Ebola outbreak killed 5000 gorillas. Science, 314(5805), 1564-1564. <br>
 +
Maisels, F. and Akou, M.E. (2013). Mwagne National Park: Report on survey transects 2012. WWF unpublished report. <br>
 +
Maisels, F., Akou, M.E., Douckaga, M. & Moundounga, A. (2004). Mwagne National Park Trip Report, Nov-Dec 2004 Large Mammals and Human Impact. WCS unpublished report.<br>
  
 
<br>
 
<br>
−
'''Page completed by:'''XXXX '''   Date:''' DD/MM/YY  <br>
+
'''Page completed by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki team''' Date:''' 11/07/2023 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
−
 
 
−
<i>Please consider whether any information you would like to add is sensitive and could be misused to harm apes. Please do not add such information. If unsure, you can contact the Wiki manager (contact details on start page) for clarification.</i>
 
−
<br><br>
 

Latest revision as of 06:34, 11 July 2023

Central Africa > Gabon > Mwagna National Park

Summary

Loading map...
  • Central chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) & western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) are present in Mwagna National Park.
  • The population sizes are unknown.
  • The great ape population trend is unknown.
  • The site has a total size of 1160 km².
  • Key threats to great apes are hunting and disease outbreaks.
  • Conservation activities are not documented.
  • The site is part of the TRIDOM (Trinational Dja-Odzala-Minkébé) landscape.

Site characteristics

The site is located in the far east of Gabon, bordering the Republic of Congo. The park is home to forest elephants, hogs, western lowland gorillas, bongo antelopes, and rare endemic bird and plant species (Discover Gabon). The site is part of the TRIDOM (Trinational Dja-Odzala-Minkébé) landscape.

Table 1. Basic site information for Mwagna National Park

Area 1160 km²
Coordinates 0.472048, 13.778030
Designation National Park
Habitat types Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status

A 2004 survey revealed that the gorilla population in the park was severely impacted by Ebola outbreaks, as the gorillas that were present in 2001 were all gone. During the survey only five very old nests and a termite mound which had been eaten into a long time ago (at least a year and probably more) were recorded. No ape feeding signs were seen (Maisels et al. 2004). Between 2004 and 2012 there was an increase in the encounter rate of nests (Maisels & Akou 2013).

Table 2. Ape population estimates in Mwagna National Park

Species Year Abundance estimate (95% CI) Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) Encounter rate (nests/km) Area Method Source Comments A.P.E.S. database ID
Gorilla gorilla gorilla & Pan troglodytes troglodytes 2004 0 Mwagna National Park Index survey (reconnaissance walk) Maisels et al. 2004 No great apes recorded after the Ebola outbreak.
Gorilla gorilla gorilla & Pan troglodytes troglodytes 2012 0.6 Mwagna National Park Line transects and index survey (reconnaissance walk) Maisels & Akou 2013

Threats

A drastic reduction in ape numbers occurred between 2001 and 2004 almost certainly due to Ebola outbreaks (Maisels et al. 2004).

Table 3. Threats to apes in Mwagna National Park

Category Specific threats Threat level Quantified severity Description Year of threat
1. Residential & commercial development Unknown
2. Agriculture & aquaculture Unknown
3. Energy production & mining Unknown
4. Transportation & service corridors Unknown
5. Biological resource use 5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals Present, bu threat level unknown A survey in 2004 documented the presence of hunting trails (Maisels et al. 2004). One machete cut was recorded inside the park during a survey in 2012; outside the park, snares and shotgun shells were recorded (Maisels & Akou 2013). Ongoing (2013)
6. Human intrusion & disturbance Unknown
7. Natural system modifications Unknown
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases 8.5 Viral/prion-induced diseases High Ebola outbreaks in the early 2000s decimated the gorilla population in the park (Maisels & Akou 2013, Bermejo et al. 2006) 2002-2003
9. Pollution Unknown
10. Geological Events Absent
11. Climate change & severe weather Unknown
12. Other options Absent

IUCN Threats list

Conservation activities

Table 4. Conservation activities in Mwagna National Park

Category Specific activity Description Year of activity
1. Residential & commercial development Not reported
2. Agriculture & aquaculture Not reported
3. Energy production & mining Not reported
4. Transportation & service corridors Not reported
5. Biological resource use Not reported
6. Human intrusion & disturbance Not reported
7. Natural system modifications Not reported
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases Not reported
9. Pollution Not reported
10. Education & Awareness Not reported
11. Habitat Protection 11.2. Legally protect primate habitat The site is a national park. Ongoing (2023)
12. Species Management Not reported
13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives Not reported

Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)

Challenges

Table 5. Challenges reported for Mwagna National Park

Challenge Source
Not reported

Research activities

Documented behaviours

Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Mwagna National Park

Behavior Source
Not reported

External links

References

Bermejo, M., Rodríguez-Teijeiro, J. D., Illera, G., Barroso, A., Vilà, C., & Walsh, P. D. (2006). Ebola outbreak killed 5000 gorillas. Science, 314(5805), 1564-1564.
Maisels, F. and Akou, M.E. (2013). Mwagne National Park: Report on survey transects 2012. WWF unpublished report.
Maisels, F., Akou, M.E., Douckaga, M. & Moundounga, A. (2004). Mwagne National Park Trip Report, Nov-Dec 2004 Large Mammals and Human Impact. WCS unpublished report.


Page completed by: A.P.E.S. Wiki team Date: 11/07/2023

Retrieved from "https://wiki.iucnapesportal.org/index.php?title=Mwagna_National_Park&oldid=6718"