Difference between revisions of "Cestos-Senkwehn Proposed Protected Area"
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3) Keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. A link to the keyword list page is found adjacent | 3) Keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. A link to the keyword list page is found adjacent | ||
to the relevant table or keyword list. This ensures that the same keyword always refers to the same concept, e.g. Everybody uses "Industrial mining", | to the relevant table or keyword list. This ensures that the same keyword always refers to the same concept, e.g. Everybody uses "Industrial mining", | ||
| − | rather than several keywords such as "Industrial mining", "Large-scale mining", and "Mining". | + | rather than several keywords such as "Industrial mining", "Large-scale mining", and "Mining". [[File: Map_LBR_Cestos-Senkwehn_PPA_WGS84.png | 400px | thumb| right | Cestos-Senkwehn Proposed Protected Area (Liberia) © A.P.E.S. Wiki Team]] |
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<!-- Please add information for this site --> | <!-- Please add information for this site --> | ||
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= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map --> | = Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map --> | ||
| − | + | <div style="float: right"> | |
| − | * Western chimpanzees ( | + | {{#display_map: height=250px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap |
| + | |5.49, -9.30~[[Cestos-Senkwehn Proposed Protected Area]]~Western Chimpanzee | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | * Western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus'') are present in Cestos-Senkwehn. | ||
* The population size is unknown. | * The population size is unknown. | ||
* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown. | * The chimpanzee population trend is unknown. | ||
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* No conservation activities have been reported for the site. | * No conservation activities have been reported for the site. | ||
* Cestos-Senkwehn Proposed Protected Area forms part of an Important Bird Area (IBA). There are plans to link Cestos-Senkwehn Proposed Protected Area to Sapo National Park. The area falls into one of the conservation priority areas identified for Liberia by Junker et al. (2015). The latter was ranked highest of all patches in terms of chimpanzee density, and mammal and tree diversity and links up with Krahn Bassa National Forest. | * Cestos-Senkwehn Proposed Protected Area forms part of an Important Bird Area (IBA). There are plans to link Cestos-Senkwehn Proposed Protected Area to Sapo National Park. The area falls into one of the conservation priority areas identified for Liberia by Junker et al. (2015). The latter was ranked highest of all patches in terms of chimpanzee density, and mammal and tree diversity and links up with Krahn Bassa National Forest. | ||
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= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information --> | = Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information --> | ||
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Cestos-Senkwehn Proposed Protected Area lies in the lowly populated coastal centre of Liberia between the towns of Buchanan and Greenville and stretches inland from the coast for some 70 km. The area serves as host for wildlife transiting from Krahn-Bassa Proposed Protected Area and Sapo National Park. Cestos-Senkwehn Proposed Protected Area includes inland-, littoral-, and mangrove forests (Verschuren 1983). The site has also been classified as an IBA. In addition to chimpanzees, Tweh et al. (2014) found tracks of zebra- ''Cephalophus zebra'', Maxwell- ''Philantomba maxwellii'', and black duiker ''Cephalophus niger'' in this area during their nationwide survey. The endangered pygmy hippopotamus ''Choeropsis liberiensis'' has been reported for this site (Mallon et al. 2011), but could not be confirmed by Tweh et al. (2014) who surveyed two line transects in this area. | Cestos-Senkwehn Proposed Protected Area lies in the lowly populated coastal centre of Liberia between the towns of Buchanan and Greenville and stretches inland from the coast for some 70 km. The area serves as host for wildlife transiting from Krahn-Bassa Proposed Protected Area and Sapo National Park. Cestos-Senkwehn Proposed Protected Area includes inland-, littoral-, and mangrove forests (Verschuren 1983). The site has also been classified as an IBA. In addition to chimpanzees, Tweh et al. (2014) found tracks of zebra- ''Cephalophus zebra'', Maxwell- ''Philantomba maxwellii'', and black duiker ''Cephalophus niger'' in this area during their nationwide survey. The endangered pygmy hippopotamus ''Choeropsis liberiensis'' has been reported for this site (Mallon et al. 2011), but could not be confirmed by Tweh et al. (2014) who surveyed two line transects in this area. | ||
| − | + | '''Table 1. Basic site information for Cestos-Senkwehn Proposed Protected Area''' | |
| − | '''Table 1 | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information" | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information" | ||
|Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha --> | |Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha --> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|Coordinates | |Coordinates | ||
| − | |5.49 | + | |5.49, -9.30 |
|- | |- | ||
|Designation <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc. --> | |Designation <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc. --> | ||
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|} | |} | ||
[http://www.unitar.org/hiroshima/sites/unitar.org.hiroshima/files/Annex%201%20-%20IUCN%20Classification%20Schemes.pdf IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]] | [http://www.unitar.org/hiroshima/sites/unitar.org.hiroshima/files/Annex%201%20-%20IUCN%20Classification%20Schemes.pdf IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]] | ||
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= Ape status = <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results --> | = Ape status = <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results --> | ||
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No published information could be found on wildlife surveys conducted in this area. Tweh et al. (2014) surveyed two line transects, each 3 km in length, and recces in Cestos-Senkwehn Proposed Protected Area during their nationwide survey and found 10 chimpanzee nests in three different groups (Junker unpubl. data). | No published information could be found on wildlife surveys conducted in this area. Tweh et al. (2014) surveyed two line transects, each 3 km in length, and recces in Cestos-Senkwehn Proposed Protected Area during their nationwide survey and found 10 chimpanzee nests in three different groups (Junker unpubl. data). | ||
| − | + | '''Table 2. Great ape population estimates in Cestos-Senkwehn Proposed Protected Area''' | |
| − | '''Table 2 | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table" | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table" | ||
! Species | ! Species | ||
! Year | ! Year | ||
| − | ! Abundance estimate (95% | + | ! Abundance estimate (95% CI) |
| − | ! Density estimate ( | + | ! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) |
! Encounter rate (nests/km) | ! Encounter rate (nests/km) | ||
! Area | ! Area | ||
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The main threats to chimpanzees in this area include artisanal mining for gold and poaching. Tweh et al. (2014) found numerous empty cartridges and a few snares, as well as signs of artisanal gold mining. However, people who were interviewed in the villages in this area reported that there was a local taboo against killing chimpanzees in their area (Junker unpubl. data). The area has also been assigned to a mining company on a Mineral Exploration License (MEL) (Johnson et al. 2015). This license type entails that after a proposed exploration program has been handed to the Minister of Land, Mines, and Energy, the company commences exploration (Wilson et al. 2017). | The main threats to chimpanzees in this area include artisanal mining for gold and poaching. Tweh et al. (2014) found numerous empty cartridges and a few snares, as well as signs of artisanal gold mining. However, people who were interviewed in the villages in this area reported that there was a local taboo against killing chimpanzees in their area (Junker unpubl. data). The area has also been assigned to a mining company on a Mineral Exploration License (MEL) (Johnson et al. 2015). This license type entails that after a proposed exploration program has been handed to the Minister of Land, Mines, and Energy, the company commences exploration (Wilson et al. 2017). | ||
| − | + | '''Table 3. Threats to great apes in Cestos-Senkwehn Proposed Protected Area''' | |
| − | '''Table 3 | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table" | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table" | ||
!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories --> | !align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories --> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|3. Energy production & mining | |3. Energy production & mining | ||
| − | |3.2 Mining & | + | |3.2 Mining & quarrying |
|High | |High | ||
| | | | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|5. Biological resource use | |5. Biological resource use | ||
| − | |5.1 Hunting & | + | |5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals |
|Medium | |Medium | ||
| | | | ||
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No conservation activities have been reported for the site. | No conservation activities have been reported for the site. | ||
| − | + | '''Table 4. Conservation activities in Cestos-Senkwehn''' | |
| − | '''Table 4 | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table" | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table" | ||
!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories --> | !align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories --> | ||
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[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]] | [[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]] | ||
| − | = | + | = Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges to ape conservation --> |
| − | + | '''Table 5. Challenges reported for Cestos-Senkwehn Proposed Protected Area''' | |
| − | + | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table" | |
| − | + | !align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories --> | |
| − | '''Table 5 | ||
| − | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class=" | ||
| − | !align="left"| | ||
!Source <!-- source for impediment mentioned --> | !Source <!-- source for impediment mentioned --> | ||
|- | |- | ||
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No information on research activities has been documented. | No information on research activities has been documented. | ||
| − | |||
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations --> | ===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations --> | ||
| − | + | '''Table 6. Great ape behaviors reported for Cestos-Senkwehn Proposed Protected Area''' | |
| − | '''Table 6 | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table" | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table" | ||
!align="left"|Behavior <!-- Do not change categories --> | !align="left"|Behavior <!-- Do not change categories --> | ||
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|} | |} | ||
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= References = | = References = | ||
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'''Page completed by:''' A.P.E.S. Wiki Team '''Date:''' 25/09/2019 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" --> | '''Page completed by:''' A.P.E.S. Wiki Team '''Date:''' 25/09/2019 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" --> | ||
<br><br> | <br><br> | ||
Latest revision as of 13:30, 29 July 2023
West Africa > Liberia > Cestos-Senkwehn Proposed Protected Area
Summary
- Western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) are present in Cestos-Senkwehn.
- The population size is unknown.
- The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
- This site has a total size of 832.09 km².
- Key threats to chimpanzees are artisanal and large-scale mining and poaching.
- No conservation activities have been reported for the site.
- Cestos-Senkwehn Proposed Protected Area forms part of an Important Bird Area (IBA). There are plans to link Cestos-Senkwehn Proposed Protected Area to Sapo National Park. The area falls into one of the conservation priority areas identified for Liberia by Junker et al. (2015). The latter was ranked highest of all patches in terms of chimpanzee density, and mammal and tree diversity and links up with Krahn Bassa National Forest.
Site characteristics
Cestos-Senkwehn Proposed Protected Area lies in the lowly populated coastal centre of Liberia between the towns of Buchanan and Greenville and stretches inland from the coast for some 70 km. The area serves as host for wildlife transiting from Krahn-Bassa Proposed Protected Area and Sapo National Park. Cestos-Senkwehn Proposed Protected Area includes inland-, littoral-, and mangrove forests (Verschuren 1983). The site has also been classified as an IBA. In addition to chimpanzees, Tweh et al. (2014) found tracks of zebra- Cephalophus zebra, Maxwell- Philantomba maxwellii, and black duiker Cephalophus niger in this area during their nationwide survey. The endangered pygmy hippopotamus Choeropsis liberiensis has been reported for this site (Mallon et al. 2011), but could not be confirmed by Tweh et al. (2014) who surveyed two line transects in this area.
Table 1. Basic site information for Cestos-Senkwehn Proposed Protected Area
| Area | 832.09 km² |
| Coordinates | 5.49, -9.30 |
| Designation | Proposed Protected Area |
| Habitat types | Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland Forest, Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Forest Vegetation Above High Tide Level |
IUCN habitat categories Site designations
Ape status
No published information could be found on wildlife surveys conducted in this area. Tweh et al. (2014) surveyed two line transects, each 3 km in length, and recces in Cestos-Senkwehn Proposed Protected Area during their nationwide survey and found 10 chimpanzee nests in three different groups (Junker unpubl. data).
Table 2. Great ape population estimates in Cestos-Senkwehn Proposed Protected Area
| Species | Year | Abundance estimate (95% CI) | Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) | Encounter rate (nests/km) | Area | Method | Source | Comments | A.P.E.S. database ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pan troglodytes verus | 2012 | 3.3 | Cestos-Senkwehn Proposed Protected Area | Line transects (Distance), Index survey | Tweh et al. 2014 (Junker unpubl. data) | Reconnaissance walk, total survey effort: 6 km, 10 nests were found |
Threats
The main threats to chimpanzees in this area include artisanal mining for gold and poaching. Tweh et al. (2014) found numerous empty cartridges and a few snares, as well as signs of artisanal gold mining. However, people who were interviewed in the villages in this area reported that there was a local taboo against killing chimpanzees in their area (Junker unpubl. data). The area has also been assigned to a mining company on a Mineral Exploration License (MEL) (Johnson et al. 2015). This license type entails that after a proposed exploration program has been handed to the Minister of Land, Mines, and Energy, the company commences exploration (Wilson et al. 2017).
Table 3. Threats to great apes in Cestos-Senkwehn Proposed Protected Area
| Category | Specific threats | Threat level | Quantified severity | Description | Year of threat |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Residential & commercial development | Unknown | ||||
| 2. Agriculture & aquaculture | Unknown | ||||
| 3. Energy production & mining | 3.2 Mining & quarrying | High | Open pit mining for gold (Johnson 2015), MEL issued in 2011 (Johnson 2015), signs of artisanal gold mining were recorded on 2 line transects (Junker unpubl. data) | Ongoing (2017) | |
| 4. Transportation & service corridors | Unknown | ||||
| 5. Biological resource use | 5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals | Medium | Empty cartridges and snares were recorded on 2 line transects (Junker unpubl. data) | Ongoing (2014) | |
| 6. Human intrusions & disturbance | Unknown | ||||
| 7. Natural system modifications | Unknown | ||||
| 8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases | Unknown | ||||
| 9. Pollution | Unknown | ||||
| 10. Geological Events | Absent | ||||
| 11. Climate change & severe weather | Unknown | ||||
| 12. Other options | Unknown |
Conservation activities
No conservation activities have been reported for the site.
Table 4. Conservation activities in Cestos-Senkwehn
| Category | Specific activity | Description | Year of activity |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Residential & commercial development | Not reported | ||
| 2. Agriculture & aquaculture | Not reported | ||
| 3. Energy production & mining | Not reported | ||
| 4. Transportation & service corridors | Not reported | ||
| 5. Biological resource use | Not reported | ||
| 6. Human intrusions & disturbance | Not reported | ||
| 7. Natural system modifications | Not reported | ||
| 8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases | Not reported | ||
| 9. Pollution | Not reported | ||
| 10. Education & Awareness | Not reported | ||
| 11. Habitat Protection | Not reported | ||
| 12. Species Management | Not reported | ||
| 13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives | Not reported |
Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)
Challenges
Table 5. Challenges reported for Cestos-Senkwehn Proposed Protected Area
| Challenge | Source |
|---|---|
| Not reported |
Research activities
No information on research activities has been documented.
Documented behaviours
Table 6. Great ape behaviors reported for Cestos-Senkwehn Proposed Protected Area
| Behavior | Source |
|---|---|
| Not reported |
References
Johnson S. 2015. Aggregated Biodiversity Offsets: A Roadmap for Liberia’s Mining Sector. Unpublished report by the World Bank Group (WBG) and Program On Forests (PROFOR).
Junker J, Boesch C, Freeman T, Mundry R, Stephens C, Kühl HS. 2015. Integrating wildlife conservation with conflicting economic land-use goals in a West African biodiversity hotspot. Basic and Applied Ecology: doi:10.1016/j.baae.2015.07.002.
Mallon D, Wightman C, De Onellas P, Ransom C. 2011. Conservation Strategy for the Pygmy Hippopotamus. IUCN Species Survival Commission.
Tweh C, Lormie M, Kouakou CY, Hillers A, Kühl HS, Junker J, et al. 2014. Conservation status of chimpanzees Pan troglodytes verus and other large mammals in Liberia: a nationwide survey. Oryx: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0030605313001191.
Verschuren J. 1983 Conservation of Tropical Rainforest in Liberia. Recommendations for Wildlife Conservation and National Parks. IUCN/WWF.
Wilson STK, Wang H, Kabenge M, Qi X. 2017. The mining sector of Liberia: current practices and environmental challenges. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 24: 18711–18720.
Page completed by: A.P.E.S. Wiki Team Date: 25/09/2019