Difference between revisions of "Koumbia"

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<!-- INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING SITE INFORMATION
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<!-- INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING Site INFORMATION
 
- Wiki site pages contain information in paragraphs of text, tables, keyword lists, and images
 
- Wiki site pages contain information in paragraphs of text, tables, keyword lists, and images
 
- Text paragraphs and images are not restricted, so text format and images can be chosen as desired.  
 
- Text paragraphs and images are not restricted, so text format and images can be chosen as desired.  
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   3) Keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. A link to the keyword list page is found adjacent  
 
   3) Keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. A link to the keyword list page is found adjacent  
 
     to the relevant table or keyword list. This ensures that the same keyword always refers to the same concept, e.g. Everybody uses "Industrial mining",  
 
     to the relevant table or keyword list. This ensures that the same keyword always refers to the same concept, e.g. Everybody uses "Industrial mining",  
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     rather than several keywords such as "Industrial mining", "Large-scale mining", and "Mining".  
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     rather than several keywords such as "Industrial mining", "Large-scale mining", and "Mining". [[File: Map_GIN_Koumbia_georef_20200121.png | 400px | thumb| right | Koumbia (Guinea) © A.P.E.S. Wiki Team]]
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-->
 
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<!-- Please add information for this site -->
 
[[West Africa]] > [[Republic of Guinea]] > [[Koumbia]]
 
[[West Africa]] > [[Republic of Guinea]] > [[Koumbia]]
−
 
−
 
−
SITE UNDER PROGRESS
 
−
 
−
 
  
 
= Summary =  <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->
 
= Summary =  <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->
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+
<div style="float: right">
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* Western chimpanzees ([https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15935/17989872  Pan troglodytes verus]) are present in Koumbia.  
+
{{#display_map: height=200px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap
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* It has been estimated that more than 300 individuals occur in the area.  
+
|11.58, -13.93~[[Koumbia]]~Western Chimpanzee
−
* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.  
+
}}
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* The site is not formally designated and consequently the size is unknown.
+
</div>
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* Agriculture and roads are the most prevalent signs of human activities across Koumbia.  
+
* Western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus'') are present in Koumbia.  
−
* As part of the AGIR project 42 conservation zones to establish community-based forest management were identified.  
+
* It has been estimated that more than 300 individuals occur in the area.  
−
* Koumbia is transboundary with Guinea-Bissau.
+
* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.  
−
 
+
* The site is not formally designated and consequently the size is unknown.  
 +
* Agriculture and roads are the most prevalent signs of human activities across Koumbia.
 +
* As part of the AGIR project 42 conservation zones to establish community-based forest management were identified.  
 +
* Koumbia is transboundary with Guinea-Bissau.
  
 
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
 
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
  
 
Koumbia is located in western Guinea in the prefecture Gaoual and is transboundary with Guinea-Bissau. The French colonial government declared Koumbia a National Park in 1933 (WCF 2012), but the site has no formal protective status at this point. Koumbia does not have a designated IUCN category nor is it listed in the World Database on Protected Areas ([https://www.protectedplanet.net/country/GN  UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2018]).
 
Koumbia is located in western Guinea in the prefecture Gaoual and is transboundary with Guinea-Bissau. The French colonial government declared Koumbia a National Park in 1933 (WCF 2012), but the site has no formal protective status at this point. Koumbia does not have a designated IUCN category nor is it listed in the World Database on Protected Areas ([https://www.protectedplanet.net/country/GN  UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2018]).
−
During a survey of the Koumbia site in 2010 by the [http://www.wildchimps.org  Wild Chimpanzee Foundation] the presence of chimpanzees, hippos, jackals, servals, mona monkeys, green monkeys, pata monkeys and baboons was confirmed (WCF 2012).
+
During a survey of the Koumbia site in 2010 by the [http://www.wildchimps.org  Wild Chimpanzee Foundation] the presence of hippopotamus (''Hippopotamus amphibius''), jackals (''Canis sp.''), servals (''Leptailurus serval''), mona monkeys (''Cercopithecus mona''), green monkeys (''Chlorocebus sabaeus''), patas monkeys (''Erythrocebus patas'') and baboons (''Papio sp.'') was confirmed (WCF 2012).
  
−
 
+
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Koumbia'''
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'''Table 1: Basic site information for Koumbia'''
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
−
| Area:             <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha    -->
+
|Area            <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha    -->
−
| unknown
+
|Unknown
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Designation:      <!-- Protected area, Forestry concession, Community reserve  -->
+
|Coordinates
−
|none
+
|11.58, -13.93
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Habitat types:   <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (Without number), see link below -->
+
|Designation      <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc.  -->
−
|unknown
+
|IUCN Management Category not reported
 +
|-
 +
|Habitat types    <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (Without number), see link below -->
 +
|Not reported
 
|}
 
|}
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[http://www.unitar.org/hiroshima/sites/unitar.org.hiroshima/files/Annex%201%20-%20IUCN%20Classification%20Schemes.pdf IUCN habitat categories]  [[Site designations]]
+
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories]  [[Site designations]]
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= Ape status =  <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
 
= Ape status =  <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
  
−
In 1997 Rebecca Kormos conducted a transect survey around the village Moyerai which is located to the North of the site Koumbia and concluded that chimpanzees were present in relatively high densities (Ham 1998). In 2010 the [http://www.wildchimps.org  Wild Chimpanzee Foundation] did a transect survey in Koumbia (survey area was bordered by the Sentha river and Guinea-Bissau in the North and the Kongo river and the Boké-Gaoual in the South) and estimated that 296 individuals (CI: 164-532) occurred in the area (WCF 2012).
+
In 1997, Rebecca Kormos conducted a transect survey around the village Moyerai which is located to the North of the site Koumbia and concluded that chimpanzees were present in relatively high densities (Ham 1998). In 2010, the [http://www.wildchimps.org  Wild Chimpanzee Foundation] did a transect survey in Koumbia (survey area was bordered by the Sentha river and Guinea-Bissau in the North and the Kongo river and the Boké-Gaoual in the South) and estimated that 296 individuals (CI: 164-532) occurred in the area (WCF 2012).
  
−
 
+
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Koumbia'''
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'''Table 2: Great ape population estimates in Koumbia'''
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
 
! Species
 
! Species
 
! Year
 
! Year
−
! Abundance estimate (95% Confidence Intervall)
+
! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
−
! Density estimate (per km2)
+
! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
−
! Encounter rate
+
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
 
! Area
 
! Area
 
! Method
 
! Method
Line 66: Line 65:
 
! A.P.E.S. database ID
 
! A.P.E.S. database ID
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Western chimpanzee
+
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
 
|1997
 
|1997
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
|present
+
|Present
 
|Koumbia village
 
|Koumbia village
−
|questionnaire survey
+
|Interview method
 
|Ham 1998
 
|Ham 1998
−
|
+
|Questionnaire survey
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Western chimpanzee
+
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
 
|1997
 
|1997
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
|present
+
|Present
 
|Moyerai (village to the North of Koumbia)
 
|Moyerai (village to the North of Koumbia)
−
|transect survey
+
|Line transects (Distance)
 
|Ham 1998
 
|Ham 1998
−
|total survey effort: 5.2 km
+
|Total survey effort: 5.2 km
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Western chimpanzee
+
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
 
|2010
 
|2010
−
|296 individuals (CI: 164-532)
+
|296 (164-532)
−
|0.37 individuals/km2 (CI: 0.20-0.67)
+
|0.37 (0.20-0.67)
 
|
 
|
−
|area delineated by the river Kongo and the road Boké - Gaoual in the South and the river Sentha and the border with Guinea-Bissau in the North
+
|Area delineated by the river Kongo and the road Boké - Gaoual in the South and the river Sentha and the border with Guinea-Bissau in the North
−
|transect survey, DISTANCE analysis
+
|Line transects (Distance)
 
|WCF 2012
 
|WCF 2012
−
|total survey effort: 109.87 km
+
|Total survey effort: 109.87 km
 
|
 
|
 
|}
 
|}
−
 
  
 
= Threats =    <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
 
= Threats =    <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
  
 
During the survey by the WCF 27 villages were identified in Koumbia with an estimated total population of 2,600 inhabitants (WCF 2012). The most prevalent threat was agriculture (0.46 signs/km) and the high number of roads shows that the site is strongly used by people (WCF 2012). Based on low encounter rates, the WCF concluded that wood extraction, poaching and human settlements likely pose only a minor threat to the wildlife in Koumbia (WCF 2012). However, it was noted that recently, hunters not belonging to the local villages entered the area to hunt bushmeat commercially for urban markets (WCF 2012).  
 
During the survey by the WCF 27 villages were identified in Koumbia with an estimated total population of 2,600 inhabitants (WCF 2012). The most prevalent threat was agriculture (0.46 signs/km) and the high number of roads shows that the site is strongly used by people (WCF 2012). Based on low encounter rates, the WCF concluded that wood extraction, poaching and human settlements likely pose only a minor threat to the wildlife in Koumbia (WCF 2012). However, it was noted that recently, hunters not belonging to the local villages entered the area to hunt bushmeat commercially for urban markets (WCF 2012).  
 +
More recently, the mining company [https://www.amcbauxite.com  Alliance Mining Commodities] started developing a Bauxit mining site west of Koumbia. There are plans to build a road to the mining site and a port at the river Rio Nuñez (Alliance Mining Commodities 2018).
  
−
More recently, the mining company [https://www.amcbauxite.com Alliance Mining Commodities] started developing a Bauxit mining site west of Koumbia. There are plans to build a road to the mining site and a port at the river Rio Nuñez (Alliance Mining Commodities 2018).
+
'''Table 3. Threats to great apes in Koumbia'''
−
 
 
−
<br>
 
−
'''Table 3: Threats to great apes in Koumbia'''
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
 
!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
 
!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
 
!Specific threats    <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
 
!Specific threats    <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
 
!Threat level        <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: unknown, low, high -->
 
!Threat level        <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: unknown, low, high -->
 +
!Quantified severity <!-- e.g., encounter rate, number of miners etc. (with reference)-->
 
!Description        <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
 
!Description        <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
−
!Year of threat
+
!Year of threat     <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets-->
 
|-
 
|-
 
|1. Residential & commercial development
 
|1. Residential & commercial development
−
|1.1. Housing & urban areas
+
|1.1 Housing & urban areas
−
|low
+
|Low
−
|approximately 2,600 people live at the site but are estimated to pose only a minor threat to chimpanzees [5]
+
|0.03 villages/km (3 villages, survey effort: 109.865 km, WCF 2012)
−
|on-going
+
|Approximately 2,600 people live at the site but are estimated to pose only a minor threat to chimpanzees (WCF 2012)
 +
|Ongoing (2012)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
 
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
−
|2.1. Annual & Perennial Non-Timber Crops
+
|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
−
|high
+
|High
−
|signs of agriculture were the most prevalent sign of anthropogenic activity [5]
+
|0.46 signs of agriculture/km (51 signs of agriculture, survey effort: 109.865 km, WCF 2012)
−
|on-going
+
|Signs of agriculture were the most prevalent sign of anthropogenic activity (WCF 2012)
 +
|Ongoing (2012)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|3. Energy production & mining
 
|3. Energy production & mining
 
|
 
|
−
|absent
+
|Absent
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|4. Transportation & service corridors
 
|4. Transportation & service corridors
−
|4.1. Roads & railroads
+
|4.1 Roads & railroads
−
|high
+
|High
−
|high number of roads was found at the site [5], there are plans to build a new road to the west of the site to a mining site [1]
+
|0.91 roads/km (100 roads, survey effort: 109.865 km, WCF 2012)
−
|on-going
+
|High number of roads was found at the site (WCF 2012), there are plans to build a new road to the west of the site to a mining site (Alliance Mining Commodities 2018)
 +
|Ongoing (2012)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|5. Biological resource use
 
|5. Biological resource use
−
|5.1.Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
+
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
−
|medium
+
|Medium
−
|poaching by people living at the site was estimated to pose only a minor threat to chimpanzees, but increasingly people from outside are entering the area for commercial hunting [5], development of a mining site nearby and the associated population increase might increase wild meat demand
+
|0.03 signs of hunting/km (3 signs of hunting, survey effort: 109.865 km, WCF 2012)
−
|on-going
+
|Poaching by people living at the site was estimated to pose only a minor threat to chimpanzees, but increasingly people from outside are entering the area for commercial hunting (WCF 2012), development of a mining site nearby and the associated population increase might increase wild meat demand
 +
|Ongoing (2012)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|
 
|
−
|5.3. Logging & wood harvesting
+
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
−
|low
+
|Low
−
|wood extraction was estimated to pose only a minor threat to chimpanzees [5]
+
|0.03 signs of wood extraction/km (3 signs of wood extraction, survey effort: 109.865 km, WCF 2012)
−
|on-going
+
|Wood extraction was estimated to pose only a minor threat to chimpanzees (WCF 2012)
 +
|Ongoing (2012)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
+
|6. Human intrusions & disturbance
 +
|
 +
|Absent
 
|
 
|
−
|absent
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 160: Line 164:
 
|7. Natural system modifications
 
|7. Natural system modifications
 
|
 
|
−
|absent
+
|Absent
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 166: Line 171:
 
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
 
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
 
|
 
|
−
|unknown
+
|Unknown
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 172: Line 178:
 
|9. Pollution
 
|9. Pollution
 
|
 
|
−
|absent
+
|Absent
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 178: Line 185:
 
|10. Geological Events
 
|10. Geological Events
 
|
 
|
−
|absent
+
|Absent
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 184: Line 192:
 
| 11. Climate change & severe weather
 
| 11. Climate change & severe weather
 
|
 
|
−
|unknown
+
|Unknown
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 190: Line 199:
 
|12. Other options
 
|12. Other options
 
|
 
|
−
|absent
+
|Absent
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
−
[[Threats list]]
+
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
−
 
 
  
 
= Conservation activities =      <!-- a text overview of conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
 
= Conservation activities =      <!-- a text overview of conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
  
 
The European funded AGIR project (Programme Régional d’Appui à la Gestion Intégrée des Ressources Naturelles des Bassins du Niger et de la Gambie) identified 42 conservation zones at this site with the aim of establishing community-based forest management (WCF 2012). AGIR was implemented until 2005 and also encompassed an environmental awareness raising scheme (WCF 2012).
 
The European funded AGIR project (Programme Régional d’Appui à la Gestion Intégrée des Ressources Naturelles des Bassins du Niger et de la Gambie) identified 42 conservation zones at this site with the aim of establishing community-based forest management (WCF 2012). AGIR was implemented until 2005 and also encompassed an environmental awareness raising scheme (WCF 2012).
−
<br><br>
 
  
−
 
+
'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Koumbia'''
−
'''Table 4: Conservation activities in Koumbia'''
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
 
!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
 
!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
 
!Specific activity    <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
 
!Specific activity    <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
 
!Description        <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
 
!Description        <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
−
!Year of activity        <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
+
!Year of activity        <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets -->
 
|-
 
|-
 
|1. Residential & commercial development
 
|1. Residential & commercial development
−
|absent
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
 
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
−
|absent
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|3. Energy production & mining
 
|3. Energy production & mining
−
|absent
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|4. Transportation & service corridors
 
|4. Transportation & service corridors
−
|absent
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|5. Biological resource use
 
|5. Biological resource use
−
|absent
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
+
|6. Human intrusions & disturbance
−
|absent
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|7. Natural system modifications
 
|7. Natural system modifications
−
|absent
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
 
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
−
|absent
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|9. Pollution
 
|9. Pollution
−
|absent
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|10. Education & Awareness  
 
|10. Education & Awareness  
−
|absent
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|11. Habitat Protection  
+
|11. Habitat Protection
−
|absent
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|12. Species Management
 
|12. Species Management
−
|absent
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 273: Line 280:
 
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives  
 
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives  
 
|13.2. Provide non-monetary benefits to local communities for sustainably managing their forest and its wildlife (e.g. better education, infrastructure development)
 
|13.2. Provide non-monetary benefits to local communities for sustainably managing their forest and its wildlife (e.g. better education, infrastructure development)
−
|AGIR identified 42 conservation zones to establish community-based forest management [5]
+
|AGIR identified 42 conservation zones to establish community-based forest management (WCF 2012)
 
|until 2005
 
|until 2005
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
−
[[Conservation activities list]]
+
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
  
 +
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->
  
−
= Impediments = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->
 
  
−
No information on impediments has been documented.
+
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Koumbia'''
−
<br><br>
+
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
 +
!align="left"|Challenge  <!-- Do not change categories -->
 +
!Source  <!-- source for impediment mentioned -->
 +
|-
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|}
  
−
[[Impediments list]]
+
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
−
 
 
−
<br>
 
−
 
 
−
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities, and keyword list of documented behaviours -->
 
  
 
From 1996 to 1997 Rebecca Kormos (née Ham) did a nationwide surveys on chimpanzees across Guinea and also surveyed parts of Koumbia (Ham 1998). As part of their nationwide inventory of chimpanzee populations in Guinea the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation surveyed Koumbia in 2010 (WCF 2012).
 
From 1996 to 1997 Rebecca Kormos (née Ham) did a nationwide surveys on chimpanzees across Guinea and also surveyed parts of Koumbia (Ham 1998). As part of their nationwide inventory of chimpanzee populations in Guinea the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation surveyed Koumbia in 2010 (WCF 2012).
  
  
−
===Documented behaviours===  <!-- Paragraph describing any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
+
===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
  
−
none documented
 
−
 
−
 
−
===Relevant datasets===
 
−
[http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal]
 
  
 +
'''Table 6. Great ape behaviors reported for Koumbia'''
 +
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
 +
!align="left"|Behavior  <!-- Do not change categories -->
 +
!Source  <!-- source for behavior -->
 +
|-
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|}
  
−
<br>
 
  
 
= References =
 
= References =
−
[1] Alliance Mining Commodities (2018) Koumbia Bauxite<br>
+
Alliance Mining Commodities. 2018. Koumbia Bauxite<br>
−
[2] Brugière, D. et al. (2009) Distribution of chimpanzees and interactions with humans in Guinea-Bissau and western Guinea, West Africa. Folia Primatologica, 353-358<br>
+
Brugière D et al. 2009. Distribution of chimpanzees and interactions with humans in Guinea-Bissau and western Guinea, West Africa. Folia Primatologica, 353-358<br>
−
[3] Ham, R. (1998) Nationwide chimpanzee census and large mammal survey Republic of Guinea, PhD thesis, 286 p.<br>
+
Ham R. 1998. Nationwide chimpanzee census and large mammal survey Republic of Guinea, PhD thesis, 286 p.<br>
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[4] UNEP-WCMC and IUCN (2018) Protected Planet: The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA), Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN Online: [https://www.protectedplanet.net/country/GN  www.protectedplanet.net]<br>
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UNEP-WCMC, IUCN. 2018. Protected Planet: The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA), Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN Online: [https://www.protectedplanet.net/country/GN  www.protectedplanet.net]<br>
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[5] WCF (2012) Etat de la faune et des menaces dans les aires protégées terrestres et principales zones de forte biodiversité de Rep. de Guinée. Report. Wild Chimpanzee Foundation, Sangaredi, Republic of Guinea. Online: [http://www.wildchimps.org Wild Chimpanzee Foundation]<br>
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WCF. 2012. Etat de la faune et des menaces dans les aires protégées terrestres et principales zones de forte biodiversité de Rep. de Guinée. Report. Wild Chimpanzee Foundation, Sangaredi, Republic of Guinea. Online: [http://www.wildchimps.org Wild Chimpanzee Foundation]<br>
  
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Latest revision as of 13:34, 29 July 2023

West Africa > Republic of Guinea > Koumbia

Summary

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  • Western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) are present in Koumbia.
  • It has been estimated that more than 300 individuals occur in the area.
  • The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
  • The site is not formally designated and consequently the size is unknown.
  • Agriculture and roads are the most prevalent signs of human activities across Koumbia.
  • As part of the AGIR project 42 conservation zones to establish community-based forest management were identified.
  • Koumbia is transboundary with Guinea-Bissau.

Site characteristics

Koumbia is located in western Guinea in the prefecture Gaoual and is transboundary with Guinea-Bissau. The French colonial government declared Koumbia a National Park in 1933 (WCF 2012), but the site has no formal protective status at this point. Koumbia does not have a designated IUCN category nor is it listed in the World Database on Protected Areas (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2018). During a survey of the Koumbia site in 2010 by the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation the presence of hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius), jackals (Canis sp.), servals (Leptailurus serval), mona monkeys (Cercopithecus mona), green monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus), patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) and baboons (Papio sp.) was confirmed (WCF 2012).

Table 1. Basic site information for Koumbia

Area Unknown
Coordinates 11.58, -13.93
Designation IUCN Management Category not reported
Habitat types Not reported

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status

In 1997, Rebecca Kormos conducted a transect survey around the village Moyerai which is located to the North of the site Koumbia and concluded that chimpanzees were present in relatively high densities (Ham 1998). In 2010, the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation did a transect survey in Koumbia (survey area was bordered by the Sentha river and Guinea-Bissau in the North and the Kongo river and the Boké-Gaoual in the South) and estimated that 296 individuals (CI: 164-532) occurred in the area (WCF 2012).

Table 2. Ape population estimates in Koumbia

Species Year Abundance estimate (95% CI) Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) Encounter rate (nests/km) Area Method Source Comments A.P.E.S. database ID
Pan troglodytes verus 1997 Present Koumbia village Interview method Ham 1998 Questionnaire survey
Pan troglodytes verus 1997 Present Moyerai (village to the North of Koumbia) Line transects (Distance) Ham 1998 Total survey effort: 5.2 km
Pan troglodytes verus 2010 296 (164-532) 0.37 (0.20-0.67) Area delineated by the river Kongo and the road Boké - Gaoual in the South and the river Sentha and the border with Guinea-Bissau in the North Line transects (Distance) WCF 2012 Total survey effort: 109.87 km

Threats

During the survey by the WCF 27 villages were identified in Koumbia with an estimated total population of 2,600 inhabitants (WCF 2012). The most prevalent threat was agriculture (0.46 signs/km) and the high number of roads shows that the site is strongly used by people (WCF 2012). Based on low encounter rates, the WCF concluded that wood extraction, poaching and human settlements likely pose only a minor threat to the wildlife in Koumbia (WCF 2012). However, it was noted that recently, hunters not belonging to the local villages entered the area to hunt bushmeat commercially for urban markets (WCF 2012). More recently, the mining company Alliance Mining Commodities started developing a Bauxit mining site west of Koumbia. There are plans to build a road to the mining site and a port at the river Rio Nuñez (Alliance Mining Commodities 2018).

Table 3. Threats to great apes in Koumbia

Category Specific threats Threat level Quantified severity Description Year of threat
1. Residential & commercial development 1.1 Housing & urban areas Low 0.03 villages/km (3 villages, survey effort: 109.865 km, WCF 2012) Approximately 2,600 people live at the site but are estimated to pose only a minor threat to chimpanzees (WCF 2012) Ongoing (2012)
2. Agriculture & aquaculture 2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops High 0.46 signs of agriculture/km (51 signs of agriculture, survey effort: 109.865 km, WCF 2012) Signs of agriculture were the most prevalent sign of anthropogenic activity (WCF 2012) Ongoing (2012)
3. Energy production & mining Absent
4. Transportation & service corridors 4.1 Roads & railroads High 0.91 roads/km (100 roads, survey effort: 109.865 km, WCF 2012) High number of roads was found at the site (WCF 2012), there are plans to build a new road to the west of the site to a mining site (Alliance Mining Commodities 2018) Ongoing (2012)
5. Biological resource use 5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals Medium 0.03 signs of hunting/km (3 signs of hunting, survey effort: 109.865 km, WCF 2012) Poaching by people living at the site was estimated to pose only a minor threat to chimpanzees, but increasingly people from outside are entering the area for commercial hunting (WCF 2012), development of a mining site nearby and the associated population increase might increase wild meat demand Ongoing (2012)
5.3 Logging & wood harvesting Low 0.03 signs of wood extraction/km (3 signs of wood extraction, survey effort: 109.865 km, WCF 2012) Wood extraction was estimated to pose only a minor threat to chimpanzees (WCF 2012) Ongoing (2012)
6. Human intrusions & disturbance Absent
7. Natural system modifications Absent
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases Unknown
9. Pollution Absent
10. Geological Events Absent
11. Climate change & severe weather Unknown
12. Other options Absent

IUCN Threats list

Conservation activities

The European funded AGIR project (Programme Régional d’Appui à la Gestion Intégrée des Ressources Naturelles des Bassins du Niger et de la Gambie) identified 42 conservation zones at this site with the aim of establishing community-based forest management (WCF 2012). AGIR was implemented until 2005 and also encompassed an environmental awareness raising scheme (WCF 2012).

Table 4. Conservation activities in Koumbia

Category Specific activity Description Year of activity
1. Residential & commercial development Not reported
2. Agriculture & aquaculture Not reported
3. Energy production & mining Not reported
4. Transportation & service corridors Not reported
5. Biological resource use Not reported
6. Human intrusions & disturbance Not reported
7. Natural system modifications Not reported
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases Not reported
9. Pollution Not reported
10. Education & Awareness Not reported
11. Habitat Protection Not reported
12. Species Management Not reported
13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives 13.2. Provide non-monetary benefits to local communities for sustainably managing their forest and its wildlife (e.g. better education, infrastructure development) AGIR identified 42 conservation zones to establish community-based forest management (WCF 2012) until 2005

Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)

Challenges

Table 5. Challenges reported for Koumbia

Challenge Source
Not reported

Research activities

From 1996 to 1997 Rebecca Kormos (née Ham) did a nationwide surveys on chimpanzees across Guinea and also surveyed parts of Koumbia (Ham 1998). As part of their nationwide inventory of chimpanzee populations in Guinea the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation surveyed Koumbia in 2010 (WCF 2012).


Documented behaviours

Table 6. Great ape behaviors reported for Koumbia

Behavior Source
Not reported


References

Alliance Mining Commodities. 2018. Koumbia Bauxite
Brugière D et al. 2009. Distribution of chimpanzees and interactions with humans in Guinea-Bissau and western Guinea, West Africa. Folia Primatologica, 353-358
Ham R. 1998. Nationwide chimpanzee census and large mammal survey Republic of Guinea, PhD thesis, 286 p.
UNEP-WCMC, IUCN. 2018. Protected Planet: The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA), Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN Online: www.protectedplanet.net
WCF. 2012. Etat de la faune et des menaces dans les aires protégées terrestres et principales zones de forte biodiversité de Rep. de Guinée. Report. Wild Chimpanzee Foundation, Sangaredi, Republic of Guinea. Online: Wild Chimpanzee Foundation

Page completed by: A.P.E.S. Wiki Team Date: 02/01/2019

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