Difference between revisions of "Lake Piso Multiple Sustainable Use Reserve"

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[[File: Map_LBR_Lake_Piso_MUR.png | 400px | thumb| right | Lake Piso Multiple Sustainable Use Reserve (Liberia) © A.P.E.S. Wiki Team]]
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[[West Africa]] > [[Liberia]] > [[Lake Piso Multiple Sustainable Use Reserve]]
  
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= Summary =  <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->
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<div style="float: right">
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{{#display_map: height=200px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap
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|6.678939, -11.245522~[[Lake Piso Multiple Sustainable Use Reserve]]~Western Chimpanzee
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}}
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</div>
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* Western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus'') are present in Lake Piso Multiple Sustainable Use Reserve.
 +
* The population size is unknown.
 +
* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
 +
* This site has a total size of 972 km².
 +
* Key threats to chimpanzees are pollution, logging, urban expansion, and hunting.
 +
* Conservation activities have focused on education and awareness campaigns.
 +
 +
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
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The site is situated on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. It is an important catchment area, with several streams and three rivers (Mafa, Mofe and Mawua) emptying into it (Sambolah 2007). Lake Piso has been designated as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International (BirdLife International 2019), and a wetland of international importance (Ramsar 2003). In addition to the western chimpanzee, the reserve hosts forest buffaloes ''Syncerus caffer'' and Bongos ''Tragelaphus eurycerus'', as well as several resident and migratory bird species (FFI 2015). The site has been protected since 2011 (The Analyst News 2018).
 +
 +
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Lake Piso Multiple Sustainable Use Reserve'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
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|Area            <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha    -->
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|972 km²
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|-
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|Coordinates
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|6.678939, -11.245522
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|-
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|Designation      <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc.  -->
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|Multiple Sustainable Use Reserve
 +
|-
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|Habitat types    <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (Without number), see link below -->
 +
|Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland Forest, Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Vegetation Above High Tide Level, Subtropical/Tropical Swamp, Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane Forest, Savanna, Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks, Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand bars, Spits, etc., Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes
 +
|}
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[http://www.unitar.org/hiroshima/sites/unitar.org.hiroshima/files/Annex%201%20-%20IUCN%20Classification%20Schemes.pdf IUCN habitat categories]  [[Site designations]]
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 +
= Ape status =  <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
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 +
Western chimpanzees are reported to still be present at the site (Sambolah 2007, Tweh et al. 2014). However, there is a lack of data on chimpanzee abundance and status, so the population size and trend are unknown.
 +
 +
'''Table 2. Great ape population estimates in Lake Piso Multiple Sustainable Use Reserve'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
 +
! Species
 +
! Year
 +
! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
 +
! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
 +
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
 +
! Area
 +
! Method
 +
! Source
 +
! Comments
 +
! A.P.E.S. database ID
 +
|-
 +
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
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|2004
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|Present
 +
|Lake Piso forest block
 +
|Unknown
 +
|Sambolah 2007
 +
|19 observations of chimpanzees or signs of chimpanzees
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|
 +
|-
 +
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
 +
|2010-2012
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|Present
 +
|Lake Piso forest block
 +
|Index survey
 +
|Tweh et al. 2014
 +
|Total survey effort: 2 days, indirect signs of chimpanzee presence (vocalization, but no nests, Junker pers. comm. 2019)
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
 +
|2023
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|Present
 +
|Lake Piso, Warkolor forest area
 +
|Index survey
 +
|Deh, J.J., pers. Comm. 2023
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|}
 +
 +
= Threats =    <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
 +
 +
The main threats in the site are pollution (including solid waste, sewage disposal, and industrial pollution), hunting, and habitat destruction due to logging, agricultural expansion, road construction and urban expansion (Sambolah 2007, Spalding et al. 2010).
 +
 +
'''Table 3. Threats to great apes in Lake Piso Multiple Sustainable Use Reserve'''
 +
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
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!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
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!Specific threats    <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
 +
!Threat level        <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: unknown, low, high -->
 +
!Quantified severity <!-- e.g., encounter rate, number of miners etc. (with reference)-->
 +
!Description        <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
 +
!Year of threat      <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets-->
 +
|-
 +
|1. Residential & commercial development
 +
|1.1 Housing & urban areas
 +
|Present
 +
|
 +
|Expansion of urban areas (Spalding et al. 2010)
 +
|Ongoing (2010)
 +
|-
 +
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
 +
|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
 +
|Present
 +
|
 +
|Conversion of land to rice field (Spalding et al. 2010) and farming (Sambolah 2007)
 +
|Ongoing (2010)
 +
|-
 +
|3. Energy production & mining
 +
|3.2 Mining & quarrying
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|High
 +
|
 +
|Sand mining (Sambolah 2007)
 +
|Ongoing (2007)
 +
|-
 +
|4. Transportation & service corridors
 +
|4.1 Roads & railroads
 +
|Present
 +
|
 +
|Construction of roads (Spalding et al. 2010)
 +
|Ongoing (2010)
 +
|-
 +
|5. Biological resource use
 +
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
 +
|High
 +
|
 +
|Hunting pressure was especially high in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s (Sambolah 2007)
 +
|Ongoing (2007)
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
 +
|High
 +
|
 +
|Overharvest of timber and fuelwood (Sambolah 2007, Spalding et al. 2010)
 +
|Ongoing (2007)
 +
|-
 +
|6. Human intrusions & disturbance
 +
|6.2 War, civil unrest & military exercises
 +
|High
 +
|
 +
|Pressure on mangroves greatly increased during civil conflict, by displaced people who moved to coastal areas (Spalding et al. 2010)
 +
|1990-2003
 +
|-
 +
|7. Natural system modifications
 +
|7.1 Fire & fire suppression
 +
|High
 +
|
 +
|Burning of vegetation (savannah woodland, Sambolah 2007)
 +
|Ongoing (2007)
 +
|-
 +
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
 +
|
 +
|Unknown
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|9. Pollution
 +
|9.1 Domestic & urban waste water
 +
|High
 +
|
 +
|Sewage pollution (Spalding et al. 2010)
 +
|Ongoing (2010)
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|9.2 Industrial & military effluents
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|High
 +
|
 +
|Industrial pollution (Spalding et al. 2010)
 +
|Ongoing (2010)
 +
|-
 +
|
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|9.4 Garbage & solid waste
 +
|High
 +
|
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|Solid waste disposal (Sambolah 2007, Spalding et al. 2010), disposal of rotten fish (Sambolah 2007)
 +
|Ongoing (2010)
 +
|-
 +
|10. Geological Events
 +
|
 +
|Absent
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| 11. Climate change & severe weather
 +
|
 +
|Unknown
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|12. Other options
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|
 +
|Absent
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
 +
 +
= Conservation activities =      <!-- a text overview of conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
 +
 +
Several projects have been funded by the Global Environment Facility’s Small Grant Program (SGP) aiming to protect wildlife whilst providing sustainable alternative sources of income for the local people. These include, for example, projects promoting sustainable fishing practices (SGPa 2019), as well as sustainable forestry community management (SGPb 2019). An ecolodge is currently being constructed in the Warkolor Forest, in the northern part of Lake Piso Multiple Sustainable Use Reserve; the presence of the ongoing construction and humans have reduced the presence of illegal activities in that part of the reserve (Deh, J.J., pers. Comm. 2023).
 +
 +
'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Lake Piso Multiple Sustainable Use Reserve'''
 +
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
 +
!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
 +
!Specific activity    <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
 +
!Description        <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
 +
!Year of activity        <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets -->
 +
|-
 +
|1. Residential & commercial development
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|3. Energy production & mining
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|4. Transportation & service corridors
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|5. Biological resource use
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|6. Human intrusions & disturbance
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|7. Natural system modifications
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|9. Pollution
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|10. Education & Awareness
 +
|10.1. Educate local communities about primates and sustainable use
 +
|1) environmental education and awareness raising in nearby communities (Sambolah 2007); 2) project implemented by Ecosanity Services Liberia to engage local communities in the management of waste and raise awareness on the negative impacts of pollution on the reserve (SGPc 2019)
 +
|1) 2005-2006; 2) 2016-2017
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|10.2. Involve local community in primate research and conservation management
 +
|Establish community forests (SGPa 2019)
 +
|Ongoing (2019)
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|10.4. Regularly play TV & radio announcements to raise primate conservation awareness
 +
|Create awareness on community forestry through local radio stations (SGPa 2019)
 +
|Ongoing (2019)
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|10.5. Implement multimedia campaigns using theatre, film, print media, discussions
 +
|Information spread through posters, billboards, T-shirts to promote a sustainable community forest and create awareness implemented by Farmers Associated to Conserve the Environment (SGPb 2019)
 +
|Ongoing (2019)
 +
|-
 +
|11. Habitat Protection
 +
|11.2. Legally protect primate habitat
 +
|The site is classified as a multiple sustainable use reserve since 2011 (The Analyst News 2018)
 +
|Since 2011
 +
|-
 +
|12. Species Management
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
 +
 +
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->
 +
 +
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Lake Piso Multiple Sustainable Use Reserve'''
 +
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="impediments-table"
 +
!align="left"|Challenge  <!-- Do not change categories -->
 +
!Source  <!-- source for impediment mentioned -->
 +
|-
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|}
 +
 +
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
 +
 +
No information on research activities has been documented. 
 +
 +
===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
 +
 +
'''Table 6. Great ape behaviors reported for Lake Piso Multiple Sustainable Use Reserve'''
 +
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
 +
!align="left"|Behavior  <!-- Do not change categories -->
 +
!Source  <!-- source for behavior -->
 +
|-
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|}
 +
 +
= References =
 +
BirdLife International. 2019. Important Bird Areas factsheet: Lake Piso (Cape Mount). Online: http://www.birdlife.org<br>
 +
Fauna & Flora of Liberia. 2015. Online: http://www.liberianfaunaflora.org/research/sapo-conservation-centre/7653-lake-piso<br>
 +
Ramsar. 2003. Liberia joins the Ramsar Convention. Online: https://www.ramsar.org/news/liberia-joins-the-ramsar-convention<br>
 +
Sambolah, R.S. 2007. Biodiversity and environmental Impacts of Human Activities on the proposed Lake Piso Nature Reserve.Online: https://www.cepf.net/sites/default/files/face_lake_piso_report_2_.pdf<br>
 +
SGPa. 2019. Promoting Sustainable Fishery In The Lake Piso Basin Multiple Sustainable Use Reserve Without Reducing The Protected And Endangered Species To Maintain Their Population. Online: https://sgp.undp.org/spacial-itemid-projects-landing-page/spacial-itemid-project-search-results/spacial-itemid-project-detailpage.html?view=projectdetail&id=24555<br>
 +
SGPb. 2019. Promoting Sustainable Community Forestry Management in the Lake Piso Sustainable Multipurpose Use Reserve, Liberia. Online: https://sgp.undp.org/spacial-itemid-projects-landing-page/spacial-itemid-project-search-results/spacial-itemid-project-detailpage.html?view=projectdetail&id=21597<br>
 +
SGPc. 2019.Preventing organic pollution of Lake Piso; a catalyst for clean environment. Online:  https://sgp.undp.org/spacial-itemid-projects-landing-page/spacial-itemid-project-search-results/spacial-itemid-project-detailpage.html?view=projectdetail&id=24550<br>
 +
Spalding, M., Kainuma, M. and Collins, L. 2010. World atlas of mangroves. Earthscan, London.<br>
 +
The Analyst News. 2018. YES Visits Lake Piso Multiple Use Reserve in Robertsport. Online: https://liberiananalyst.com/2018/11/14/yes-visits-lake-piso-multiple-use-reserve-in-robertsport/<br>
 +
Tweh C, Lormie M, Kouakou CY, Hillers A, Kühl HS, Junker J, et al. 2014. Conservation status of chimpanzees Pan troglodytes verus and other large mammals in Liberia: a nationwide survey. Oryx: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0030605313001191.<br>
 +
 +
 +
'''Page completed by:''' A.P.E.S. Wiki Team '''Date:''' 03/11/2023  <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
 +
<br><br>

Latest revision as of 14:36, 5 November 2023

West Africa > Liberia > Lake Piso Multiple Sustainable Use Reserve

Summary

Loading map...
  • Western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) are present in Lake Piso Multiple Sustainable Use Reserve.
  • The population size is unknown.
  • The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
  • This site has a total size of 972 km².
  • Key threats to chimpanzees are pollution, logging, urban expansion, and hunting.
  • Conservation activities have focused on education and awareness campaigns.

Site characteristics

The site is situated on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. It is an important catchment area, with several streams and three rivers (Mafa, Mofe and Mawua) emptying into it (Sambolah 2007). Lake Piso has been designated as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International (BirdLife International 2019), and a wetland of international importance (Ramsar 2003). In addition to the western chimpanzee, the reserve hosts forest buffaloes Syncerus caffer and Bongos Tragelaphus eurycerus, as well as several resident and migratory bird species (FFI 2015). The site has been protected since 2011 (The Analyst News 2018).

Table 1. Basic site information for Lake Piso Multiple Sustainable Use Reserve

Area 972 km²
Coordinates 6.678939, -11.245522
Designation Multiple Sustainable Use Reserve
Habitat types Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland Forest, Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Vegetation Above High Tide Level, Subtropical/Tropical Swamp, Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane Forest, Savanna, Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks, Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand bars, Spits, etc., Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status

Western chimpanzees are reported to still be present at the site (Sambolah 2007, Tweh et al. 2014). However, there is a lack of data on chimpanzee abundance and status, so the population size and trend are unknown.

Table 2. Great ape population estimates in Lake Piso Multiple Sustainable Use Reserve

Species Year Abundance estimate (95% CI) Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) Encounter rate (nests/km) Area Method Source Comments A.P.E.S. database ID
Pan troglodytes verus 2004 Present Lake Piso forest block Unknown Sambolah 2007 19 observations of chimpanzees or signs of chimpanzees
Pan troglodytes verus 2010-2012 Present Lake Piso forest block Index survey Tweh et al. 2014 Total survey effort: 2 days, indirect signs of chimpanzee presence (vocalization, but no nests, Junker pers. comm. 2019)
Pan troglodytes verus 2023 Present Lake Piso, Warkolor forest area Index survey Deh, J.J., pers. Comm. 2023

Threats

The main threats in the site are pollution (including solid waste, sewage disposal, and industrial pollution), hunting, and habitat destruction due to logging, agricultural expansion, road construction and urban expansion (Sambolah 2007, Spalding et al. 2010).

Table 3. Threats to great apes in Lake Piso Multiple Sustainable Use Reserve

Category Specific threats Threat level Quantified severity Description Year of threat
1. Residential & commercial development 1.1 Housing & urban areas Present Expansion of urban areas (Spalding et al. 2010) Ongoing (2010)
2. Agriculture & aquaculture 2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops Present Conversion of land to rice field (Spalding et al. 2010) and farming (Sambolah 2007) Ongoing (2010)
3. Energy production & mining 3.2 Mining & quarrying High Sand mining (Sambolah 2007) Ongoing (2007)
4. Transportation & service corridors 4.1 Roads & railroads Present Construction of roads (Spalding et al. 2010) Ongoing (2010)
5. Biological resource use 5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals High Hunting pressure was especially high in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s (Sambolah 2007) Ongoing (2007)
5.3 Logging & wood harvesting High Overharvest of timber and fuelwood (Sambolah 2007, Spalding et al. 2010) Ongoing (2007)
6. Human intrusions & disturbance 6.2 War, civil unrest & military exercises High Pressure on mangroves greatly increased during civil conflict, by displaced people who moved to coastal areas (Spalding et al. 2010) 1990-2003
7. Natural system modifications 7.1 Fire & fire suppression High Burning of vegetation (savannah woodland, Sambolah 2007) Ongoing (2007)
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases Unknown
9. Pollution 9.1 Domestic & urban waste water High Sewage pollution (Spalding et al. 2010) Ongoing (2010)
9.2 Industrial & military effluents High Industrial pollution (Spalding et al. 2010) Ongoing (2010)
9.4 Garbage & solid waste High Solid waste disposal (Sambolah 2007, Spalding et al. 2010), disposal of rotten fish (Sambolah 2007) Ongoing (2010)
10. Geological Events Absent
11. Climate change & severe weather Unknown
12. Other options Absent

IUCN Threats list

Conservation activities

Several projects have been funded by the Global Environment Facility’s Small Grant Program (SGP) aiming to protect wildlife whilst providing sustainable alternative sources of income for the local people. These include, for example, projects promoting sustainable fishing practices (SGPa 2019), as well as sustainable forestry community management (SGPb 2019). An ecolodge is currently being constructed in the Warkolor Forest, in the northern part of Lake Piso Multiple Sustainable Use Reserve; the presence of the ongoing construction and humans have reduced the presence of illegal activities in that part of the reserve (Deh, J.J., pers. Comm. 2023).

Table 4. Conservation activities in Lake Piso Multiple Sustainable Use Reserve

Category Specific activity Description Year of activity
1. Residential & commercial development Not reported
2. Agriculture & aquaculture Not reported
3. Energy production & mining Not reported
4. Transportation & service corridors Not reported
5. Biological resource use Not reported
6. Human intrusions & disturbance Not reported
7. Natural system modifications Not reported
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases Not reported
9. Pollution Not reported
10. Education & Awareness 10.1. Educate local communities about primates and sustainable use 1) environmental education and awareness raising in nearby communities (Sambolah 2007); 2) project implemented by Ecosanity Services Liberia to engage local communities in the management of waste and raise awareness on the negative impacts of pollution on the reserve (SGPc 2019) 1) 2005-2006; 2) 2016-2017
10.2. Involve local community in primate research and conservation management Establish community forests (SGPa 2019) Ongoing (2019)
10.4. Regularly play TV & radio announcements to raise primate conservation awareness Create awareness on community forestry through local radio stations (SGPa 2019) Ongoing (2019)
10.5. Implement multimedia campaigns using theatre, film, print media, discussions Information spread through posters, billboards, T-shirts to promote a sustainable community forest and create awareness implemented by Farmers Associated to Conserve the Environment (SGPb 2019) Ongoing (2019)
11. Habitat Protection 11.2. Legally protect primate habitat The site is classified as a multiple sustainable use reserve since 2011 (The Analyst News 2018) Since 2011
12. Species Management Not reported
13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives Not reported

Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)

Challenges

Table 5. Challenges reported for Lake Piso Multiple Sustainable Use Reserve

Challenge Source
Not reported

Research activities

No information on research activities has been documented.

Documented behaviours

Table 6. Great ape behaviors reported for Lake Piso Multiple Sustainable Use Reserve

Behavior Source
Not reported

References

BirdLife International. 2019. Important Bird Areas factsheet: Lake Piso (Cape Mount). Online: http://www.birdlife.org
Fauna & Flora of Liberia. 2015. Online: http://www.liberianfaunaflora.org/research/sapo-conservation-centre/7653-lake-piso
Ramsar. 2003. Liberia joins the Ramsar Convention. Online: https://www.ramsar.org/news/liberia-joins-the-ramsar-convention
Sambolah, R.S. 2007. Biodiversity and environmental Impacts of Human Activities on the proposed Lake Piso Nature Reserve.Online: https://www.cepf.net/sites/default/files/face_lake_piso_report_2_.pdf
SGPa. 2019. Promoting Sustainable Fishery In The Lake Piso Basin Multiple Sustainable Use Reserve Without Reducing The Protected And Endangered Species To Maintain Their Population. Online: https://sgp.undp.org/spacial-itemid-projects-landing-page/spacial-itemid-project-search-results/spacial-itemid-project-detailpage.html?view=projectdetail&id=24555
SGPb. 2019. Promoting Sustainable Community Forestry Management in the Lake Piso Sustainable Multipurpose Use Reserve, Liberia. Online: https://sgp.undp.org/spacial-itemid-projects-landing-page/spacial-itemid-project-search-results/spacial-itemid-project-detailpage.html?view=projectdetail&id=21597
SGPc. 2019.Preventing organic pollution of Lake Piso; a catalyst for clean environment. Online: https://sgp.undp.org/spacial-itemid-projects-landing-page/spacial-itemid-project-search-results/spacial-itemid-project-detailpage.html?view=projectdetail&id=24550
Spalding, M., Kainuma, M. and Collins, L. 2010. World atlas of mangroves. Earthscan, London.
The Analyst News. 2018. YES Visits Lake Piso Multiple Use Reserve in Robertsport. Online: https://liberiananalyst.com/2018/11/14/yes-visits-lake-piso-multiple-use-reserve-in-robertsport/
Tweh C, Lormie M, Kouakou CY, Hillers A, Kühl HS, Junker J, et al. 2014. Conservation status of chimpanzees Pan troglodytes verus and other large mammals in Liberia: a nationwide survey. Oryx: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0030605313001191.


Page completed by: A.P.E.S. Wiki Team Date: 03/11/2023

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