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Created page with "<!-- INSTRUCTIONS FOR UPLOADING SITE INFORMATION - Wiki pages contain information in paragraphs, tables, lists, and images. - Text and images are not restricted, and their for..."
<!-- INSTRUCTIONS FOR UPLOADING SITE INFORMATION
- Wiki pages contain information in paragraphs, tables, lists, and images.
- Text and images are not restricted, and their formats can be chosen as desired.
- Tables and lists are extracted as data, so the following restrictions apply to them:
1) Table structure cannot be changed.
2) List format should not change, i.e. they are comma separated lists, not bullet points or numbered lists.
3) To make information comparable across wiki pages, keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. This is why we use official lists, e.g., IUCN classification lists, in our tables.
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[[West Africa]] > [[Sierra Leone]] > [[Farangbaia Forest Reserve]]
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
<div style="float: right">
{{#display_map: height=200px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap
|8.984188, -11.731421 ~[[Farangbaia Forest Reserve]]~Western chimpanzees
}}
</div>
* Western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus'') are present in Farangbaia Forest Reserve.
* The population size is unknown.
* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
* The site has a total size of 12 km².
* Key threats to chimpanzees are conversion of forest to agricultural land and hunting.
* Conservation activities are not documented.
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
Farangbaia Forest Reserve (FFR) is located in the Kalansogoia chiefdom, in Sierra Leone’s Tonkolili district (Garriga 2014). Designated as a forest reserve, FFR encompasses hills ranging from 275 meters to 860 meters above sea level. It is positioned approximately 5 km southeast of Bumbuna town and constitutes a vital part of the Seli River's watershed. To the east, the Tonkolili River forms the boundary of FFR, eventually merging with the Seli River. The landscape within the study area exhibits a diverse composition, including agricultural land, fallow land with woody regrowth (known as 'farm-bush'), remnants of original forest cover, grasslands on hills, and pockets of riverine forest in adjacent valleys. Human activities, particularly shifting cultivation, have significantly altered the environment in this region (Garriga 2014).
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Farangbaia Forest Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
|12 km²
|-
|Coordinates
|8.984188, -11.731421
|-
|Designation
|Forest Reserve
|-
|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
In 2013, a camera trap survey was conducted in the FFR and an adjacent area to the east of the reserve (Garriga 2014). The survey effort was 1505 trap days in 28 locations. The trap nights of effort (subtracting days when the cameras stopped working) was 1385 trap days. The cameras did not capture any chimpanzees, but the field team recorded evidence of their presence in several locations (nests and feeding signs). It was concluded that there are chimpanzees living in the FFR and the adjacent study area, or that the reserve is part of a larger territory (Garriga 2014).
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Farangbaia Forest Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
! Species
! Year
! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
! Area
! Method
! Source
! Comments
! A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|2013
|
|
|Present
|Farangbaia Forest Reserve and surrounding area (31 sq. km)
|Camera trap
|Garriga 2014
|
|
|}
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
The natural habitat within the FFR has undergone significant degradation, characterized by sparse patches of secondary forest primarily found in riparian zones and areas of challenging terrain such as cliffs and steep hills (Garriga 2014). The predominant habitat types consist of cultivated farms and extensive farm-bush. Two small permanent human settlements, along with their cultivated fields, are situated on the southern side of the study area's hills. Human presence was documented in four instances, captured by cameras placed at two different locations during a 2013 survey. Notably, one individual was observed carrying a shotgun. The theft of one camera trap serves as additional evidence of human activity in the area under study. Numerous human trails, paths, and traps were identified throughout the study area, indicating regular use of the site by local residents for activities such as hunting, farming, and logging (Garriga 2014).
'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Farangbaia Forest Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of threat <!-- Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|1.1 Housing & urban areas
|Present (unknown severity)
|
|Two small permanent human settlements, along with their cultivated fields, are situated on the southern side of the study area's hills (Garriga 2014).
|2013-Ongoing
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
|High
|
|The predominant habitat types in the reserve consist of cultivated farms and extensive farm-bush (Garriga 2014).
|2013-Ongoing
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
|Present (severity unknown)
|
|Several human trails, paths, and traps were identified throughout the study area, indicating regular use of the site by local residents for activities, including hunting (Garriga 2014).
|2013-Ongoing
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
|Present (severity unknown)
|
|Several human trails, paths, and traps were identified throughout the study area, indicating regular use of the site by local residents for activities, including logging (Garriga 2014).
|2013-Ongoing
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|10. Geological Events
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
| 11. Climate change & severe weather
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|12. Other options
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
= Conservation activities = <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
African Minerals (AML) has worked with the Forestry Division of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Security (MAFFS) to potentially modify and extend the boundaries of the Farangbaia Forest Reserve (FFR) adjacent to the AML mining operations in the Tonkolili District (Garriga 2014). This extension would act as an offset to enhance habitat and increase its protection for wildlife in the surroundings of the mine site. A 2013 camera trap survey recommended that the boundaries of the reserve should be expanded to cover the adjacent mountainous habitat within the study area, and its protection status should be upgraded to a non-hunting reserve. This would enable the implementation of protection measures like the banning of hunting and farming inside the reserve, thereby facilitating the recovery of the FFR in the medium and long term (Garriga 2014).
'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Farangbaia Forest Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|10. Education & Awareness
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|11. Habitat Protection
|11.2. Legally protect primate habitat
|The site is classified as a forest reserve.
|Ongoing
|-
|12. Species Management
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|}
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Farangbaia Forest Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
|-
|Not reported
|
|-
|}
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Farangbaia Forest Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
!align="left"|Behavior
!Source
|-
|Not reported
|
|-
|}
=External links=
[https://www.tacugama.com/ Tacugama Chimpanzee Sanctuary]
= References =
Garriga, R. (2014). Camera trap survey in the Western Area Peninsular Forest Reserve, Sierra Leone. Tacugama Chimpanzee Sanctuary final report. Online: https://www.tacugama.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/2014_Garriga_TCS-AML-Farangabaia-FR-survey-final-report.pdf <br>
<br>
'''Page completed by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki team''' Date:''' 21/02/2024 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
- Wiki pages contain information in paragraphs, tables, lists, and images.
- Text and images are not restricted, and their formats can be chosen as desired.
- Tables and lists are extracted as data, so the following restrictions apply to them:
1) Table structure cannot be changed.
2) List format should not change, i.e. they are comma separated lists, not bullet points or numbered lists.
3) To make information comparable across wiki pages, keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. This is why we use official lists, e.g., IUCN classification lists, in our tables.
-->
[[West Africa]] > [[Sierra Leone]] > [[Farangbaia Forest Reserve]]
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
<div style="float: right">
{{#display_map: height=200px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap
|8.984188, -11.731421 ~[[Farangbaia Forest Reserve]]~Western chimpanzees
}}
</div>
* Western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus'') are present in Farangbaia Forest Reserve.
* The population size is unknown.
* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
* The site has a total size of 12 km².
* Key threats to chimpanzees are conversion of forest to agricultural land and hunting.
* Conservation activities are not documented.
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
Farangbaia Forest Reserve (FFR) is located in the Kalansogoia chiefdom, in Sierra Leone’s Tonkolili district (Garriga 2014). Designated as a forest reserve, FFR encompasses hills ranging from 275 meters to 860 meters above sea level. It is positioned approximately 5 km southeast of Bumbuna town and constitutes a vital part of the Seli River's watershed. To the east, the Tonkolili River forms the boundary of FFR, eventually merging with the Seli River. The landscape within the study area exhibits a diverse composition, including agricultural land, fallow land with woody regrowth (known as 'farm-bush'), remnants of original forest cover, grasslands on hills, and pockets of riverine forest in adjacent valleys. Human activities, particularly shifting cultivation, have significantly altered the environment in this region (Garriga 2014).
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Farangbaia Forest Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
|12 km²
|-
|Coordinates
|8.984188, -11.731421
|-
|Designation
|Forest Reserve
|-
|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
In 2013, a camera trap survey was conducted in the FFR and an adjacent area to the east of the reserve (Garriga 2014). The survey effort was 1505 trap days in 28 locations. The trap nights of effort (subtracting days when the cameras stopped working) was 1385 trap days. The cameras did not capture any chimpanzees, but the field team recorded evidence of their presence in several locations (nests and feeding signs). It was concluded that there are chimpanzees living in the FFR and the adjacent study area, or that the reserve is part of a larger territory (Garriga 2014).
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Farangbaia Forest Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
! Species
! Year
! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
! Area
! Method
! Source
! Comments
! A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|2013
|
|
|Present
|Farangbaia Forest Reserve and surrounding area (31 sq. km)
|Camera trap
|Garriga 2014
|
|
|}
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
The natural habitat within the FFR has undergone significant degradation, characterized by sparse patches of secondary forest primarily found in riparian zones and areas of challenging terrain such as cliffs and steep hills (Garriga 2014). The predominant habitat types consist of cultivated farms and extensive farm-bush. Two small permanent human settlements, along with their cultivated fields, are situated on the southern side of the study area's hills. Human presence was documented in four instances, captured by cameras placed at two different locations during a 2013 survey. Notably, one individual was observed carrying a shotgun. The theft of one camera trap serves as additional evidence of human activity in the area under study. Numerous human trails, paths, and traps were identified throughout the study area, indicating regular use of the site by local residents for activities such as hunting, farming, and logging (Garriga 2014).
'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Farangbaia Forest Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of threat <!-- Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|1.1 Housing & urban areas
|Present (unknown severity)
|
|Two small permanent human settlements, along with their cultivated fields, are situated on the southern side of the study area's hills (Garriga 2014).
|2013-Ongoing
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
|High
|
|The predominant habitat types in the reserve consist of cultivated farms and extensive farm-bush (Garriga 2014).
|2013-Ongoing
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
|Present (severity unknown)
|
|Several human trails, paths, and traps were identified throughout the study area, indicating regular use of the site by local residents for activities, including hunting (Garriga 2014).
|2013-Ongoing
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
|Present (severity unknown)
|
|Several human trails, paths, and traps were identified throughout the study area, indicating regular use of the site by local residents for activities, including logging (Garriga 2014).
|2013-Ongoing
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|10. Geological Events
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
| 11. Climate change & severe weather
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|12. Other options
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
= Conservation activities = <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
African Minerals (AML) has worked with the Forestry Division of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Security (MAFFS) to potentially modify and extend the boundaries of the Farangbaia Forest Reserve (FFR) adjacent to the AML mining operations in the Tonkolili District (Garriga 2014). This extension would act as an offset to enhance habitat and increase its protection for wildlife in the surroundings of the mine site. A 2013 camera trap survey recommended that the boundaries of the reserve should be expanded to cover the adjacent mountainous habitat within the study area, and its protection status should be upgraded to a non-hunting reserve. This would enable the implementation of protection measures like the banning of hunting and farming inside the reserve, thereby facilitating the recovery of the FFR in the medium and long term (Garriga 2014).
'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Farangbaia Forest Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|10. Education & Awareness
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|11. Habitat Protection
|11.2. Legally protect primate habitat
|The site is classified as a forest reserve.
|Ongoing
|-
|12. Species Management
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|}
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Farangbaia Forest Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
|-
|Not reported
|
|-
|}
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Farangbaia Forest Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
!align="left"|Behavior
!Source
|-
|Not reported
|
|-
|}
=External links=
[https://www.tacugama.com/ Tacugama Chimpanzee Sanctuary]
= References =
Garriga, R. (2014). Camera trap survey in the Western Area Peninsular Forest Reserve, Sierra Leone. Tacugama Chimpanzee Sanctuary final report. Online: https://www.tacugama.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/2014_Garriga_TCS-AML-Farangabaia-FR-survey-final-report.pdf <br>
<br>
'''Page completed by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki team''' Date:''' 21/02/2024 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->