Difference between revisions of "Atewa Range Forest Reserve"

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= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
 
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
  
−
Atewa Range Forest Reserve is located in southeastern Ghana. The reserve is on a mountain range, which peaks at 842 m a.s.l., (Kusimi 2015). Atewa is unique because of its Upland Evergreen forest, which is an important reservoir of biodiversity. It was established as a national forest reserve in 1926, a Special Biological Protection Area in 1994, a Hill Sanctuary in 1995, as one of Ghana’s 30 Globally Significant Biodiversity Areas (GSBAs) in 1999, and an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International in 2001 (RAP 2007). In 2021, a new frog species was discovered in the site; it was given the common name Atewa Slippery frog, ''Conraua sagyimase'' ([https://ghana.arocha.org/projects/protecting-atewa-forest/ A Rocha Ghana]).
+
Atewa Range Forest Reserve is located in southeastern Ghana. The reserve is on a mountain range, which peaks at 842 m a.s.l., (Kusimi 2015). Atewa is unique because of its Upland Evergreen forest, which is an important reservoir of biodiversity. It was established as a national forest reserve in 1926. The site was also designated as a Special Biological Protection Area in 1994, a Hill Sanctuary in 1995, a Globally Significant Biodiversity Areas (GSBAs) in 1999, and an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International in 2001 (RAP 2007). In 2021, a new frog species was discovered in the site; it was given the common name Atewa Slippery frog, ''Conraua sagyimase'' ([https://ghana.arocha.org/projects/protecting-atewa-forest/ A Rocha Ghana]).
  
 
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Atewa Range Forest Reserve'''
 
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Atewa Range Forest Reserve'''
Line 117: Line 117:
 
|
 
|
 
|3.2 Mining & quarrying
 
|3.2 Mining & quarrying
−
|High
+
|Low
 
|
 
|
−
|In June 2019, in the absence of an environmental impact assessment, the Ghanaian authorities started clearing access roads to Atewa Forest to allow test-drilling for bauxite ([https://www.iucncongress2020.org/motion/103 IUCN Congress 2020]). Bauxite deposits have been assessed several other times at the site by prospective companies, but bauxite mining has been so far met with strong opposition (Lindsell et al. 2019).
+
|In June 2019, in the absence of an environmental impact assessment, the Ghanaian authorities started clearing access roads to Atewa Forest to allow test-drilling for bauxite ([https://www.iucncongress2020.org/motion/103 IUCN Congress 2020]). Bauxite deposits have been assessed several other times at the site by prospective companies, but bauxite mining has been so far met with strong opposition (Lindsell et al. 2019). Although the threat is low because mining has not proceeded, the potential impacts are high.
−
|2019
+
|2019-Ongoing (2023)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|4. Transportation & service corridors
 
|4. Transportation & service corridors
Line 307: Line 307:
 
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives  
 
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives  
 
|13.2. Provide non-monetary benefits to local communities for sustainably managing their forest and its wildlife (e.g. better education, infrastructure development)
 
|13.2. Provide non-monetary benefits to local communities for sustainably managing their forest and its wildlife (e.g. better education, infrastructure development)
−
|Communities are provided livelihood support programmes to increase their support for conservation (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
+
|Communities are provided livelihood support programmes (implemented by A Rocha Ghana) to increase their support for conservation (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
 
|Ongoing (2023)
 
|Ongoing (2023)
 
|-
 
|-
Line 348: Line 348:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
 +
= Exposure to climate change impacts =
 +
 +
As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. (2024) extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2°C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3°C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.
 +
The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (Kiribou et al. 2024).
 +
 +
'''Table 7. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Atewa Range Forest Reserve'''
 +
{| border='1' cellpadding='5' cellspacing='0' class='EE-table'
 +
|
 +
|'''1981-2010'''
 +
|'''2021-2050, RCP 2.6'''
 +
|'''2021-2050, RCP 6.0'''
 +
|'''2071-2099, RCP 2.6'''
 +
|'''2071-2099, RCP 6.0'''
 +
|-
 +
|Mean temperature [°C]
 +
|26.6
 +
|27.8
 +
|27.5
 +
|27.9
 +
|29.1
 +
|-
 +
|Annual precipitation [mm]
 +
|1401
 +
|1360
 +
|1420
 +
|1391
 +
|1427
 +
|-
 +
|Max no. consecutive dry days (per year)
 +
|23.7
 +
|28.4
 +
|30.8
 +
|29.8
 +
|30.7
 +
|-
 +
|No. days with heavy precipitation (per year)
 +
|6.3
 +
|8.1
 +
|7.4
 +
|7.4
 +
|9.7
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 +
 +
'''Table 8. Projected exposure of apes to extreme climate impact events in Atewa Range Forest Reserve'''
 +
{| border='1' cellpadding='5' cellspacing='0' class='EE-table'
 +
|
 +
|'''No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 2.6)'''
 +
|'''% of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 2.6)'''
 +
|'''No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 6.0)'''
 +
|'''% of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 6.0)'''
 +
|'''No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 2.6)'''
 +
|'''% of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 2.6)'''
 +
|'''No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 6.0)'''
 +
|'''% of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 6.0)'''
 +
|-
 +
|Crop failure
 +
|2.5
 +
|8.4
 +
|2
 +
|4.45
 +
|3
 +
|8.4
 +
|4
 +
|8.4
 +
|-
 +
|Drought
 +
|1.5
 +
|50
 +
|1
 +
|75
 +
|0.25
 +
|25
 +
|0.5
 +
|50
 +
|-
 +
|Heatwave
 +
|6.5
 +
|100
 +
|5.5
 +
|100
 +
|2
 +
|50
 +
|6
 +
|100
 +
|-
 +
|River flood
 +
|0.25
 +
|0
 +
|0.5
 +
|0
 +
|1
 +
|0
 +
|1.5
 +
|0.64
 +
|-
 +
|Tropical cyclone
 +
|0
 +
|0
 +
|0
 +
|0
 +
|0
 +
|0
 +
|0
 +
|0
 +
|-
 +
|Wildfire
 +
|30
 +
|0.37
 +
|30
 +
|0.36
 +
|29
 +
|0.37
 +
|29
 +
|0.4
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 +
<div><ul>
 +
<li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File: PrecipAnomaly_Atewa FR.png | 450px | thumb| right | Precipitation anomaly in Atewa Range Forest Reserve]] </li>
 +
<li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File: TempAnomaly_Atewa FR.png | 450px | thumb| right | Temperature anomaly in Atewa Range Forest Reserve]] </li>
 +
</ul></div>
  
 
=External links=
 
=External links=
 +
[https://ghana.arocha.org/projects/protecting-atewa-forest/ Ghana A Rocha]
  
 
= References =
 
= References =
 
McCullough, J., Alonso, L. E., Naskrecki, P., Wright, H. E., & Osei-Owusu, Y. (2007). A rapid biological assessment of the Atewa Range Forest Reserve, eastern Ghana. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment, 47, 1-191.<br>
 
McCullough, J., Alonso, L. E., Naskrecki, P., Wright, H. E., & Osei-Owusu, Y. (2007). A rapid biological assessment of the Atewa Range Forest Reserve, eastern Ghana. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment, 47, 1-191.<br>
 
Kusimi, J. M. (2015). Characterizing land disturbance in Atewa range forest reserve and buffer zone. Land Use Policy, 49, 471-482.<br>
 
Kusimi, J. M. (2015). Characterizing land disturbance in Atewa range forest reserve and buffer zone. Land Use Policy, 49, 471-482.<br>
−
Rapid Assessment Program. (2007). Biodiversity in the Atewa Range Forest Reserve, Ghana. Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA.<br>
+
Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., ... & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. PLOS Climate, 3(2), e0000345.<br>
 +
Rapid Assessment Program. (2007). [https://www.conservation.org/docs/default-source/publication-pdfs/ci_atewa_ghana_booklet#:~:text=The%20Atewa%20Range%20Forest%20Reserve%20is%20part%20of%20a%20ecosystem,botanists%20as%20Upland%20Evergreen%20forest. Biodiversity in the Atewa Range Forest Reserve, Ghana]. Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA. <br>
 
Purwins, S. (2022). Bauxite mining at Atewa Forest Reserve, Ghana: a political ecology of a conservation-exploitation conflict. GeoJournal, 87(2), 1085-1097.<br>
 
Purwins, S. (2022). Bauxite mining at Atewa Forest Reserve, Ghana: a political ecology of a conservation-exploitation conflict. GeoJournal, 87(2), 1085-1097.<br>
−
J. Lindsell, R. Agyei, D. Bosu, J. Decher, W. Hawthorne, C. Marshall, C. Ofori-Boateng, M.-.O. Rodel (2019). The Biodiversity of Atewa Forest. Technical Report to A Rocha, January 2019. <br>
+
J. Lindsell, R. Agyei, D. Bosu, J. Decher, W. Hawthorne, C. Marshall, C. Ofori-Boateng, M.-.O. Rodel (2019). The Biodiversity of Atewa Forest. Technical Report to A Rocha, January 2019. Online: https://ghana.arocha.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/2019/11/Biodiversity-of-Atewa-A-Rocha.pdf <br>
  
 
<br>
 
<br>
 
'''Page completed by: '''Richard Ofori-Amanfo & APES wiki team''' Date:''' 10/11/2023 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
 
'''Page completed by: '''Richard Ofori-Amanfo & APES wiki team''' Date:''' 10/11/2023 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->

Latest revision as of 06:43, 4 March 2024

West Africa > Ghana > Atewa Range Forest Reserve

Summary

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  • Western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) are no longer present in Atewa Range Forest Reserve.
  • Chimpanzees have been extirpated from the site.
  • The site has a total size of 258 km².
  • Chimpanzees were mainly threatened by hunting.
  • Conservation activities have focused on patrolling and controlling poaching.

Site characteristics

Atewa Range Forest Reserve is located in southeastern Ghana. The reserve is on a mountain range, which peaks at 842 m a.s.l., (Kusimi 2015). Atewa is unique because of its Upland Evergreen forest, which is an important reservoir of biodiversity. It was established as a national forest reserve in 1926. The site was also designated as a Special Biological Protection Area in 1994, a Hill Sanctuary in 1995, a Globally Significant Biodiversity Areas (GSBAs) in 1999, and an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International in 2001 (RAP 2007). In 2021, a new frog species was discovered in the site; it was given the common name Atewa Slippery frog, Conraua sagyimase (A Rocha Ghana).

Table 1. Basic site information for Atewa Range Forest Reserve

Area 258 km²
Coordinates 6.170532, -0.600267
Designation Forest Reserve
Habitat types Tropical Moist Montane Forest

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status

No chimpanzees have been found in the reserve. An old chief hunter reported that he has not seen a chimpanzee in the forest since he started hunting over 40 years ago (Ofori-Amanfo pers. comm. 2023). During a 2006 Rapid Assessment Program (RAP) survey of the site, most nearby communities said that chimpanzees were not present; this was in line with the RAP’s transect and recce survey results, which found no evidence of chimpanzees (McCullough et al. 2007).

Table 2. Ape population estimates in Atewa Range Forest Reserve

Species Year Abundance estimate (95% CI) Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) Encounter rate (nests/km) Area Method Source Comments A.P.E.S. database ID
Pan troglodytes verus 1980-2023 0 Atewa Range Forest Reserve (Ofori-Amanfo pers. comm. 2023).
Pan troglodytes verus 2006 0 Atewa Range Forest Reserve Index survey (reconnaissance walk) and line transect survey McCullough et al. 2007

Threats

Chimpanzees were mainly threatened by the high levels of uncontrolled hunting (Ofori-Amanfo pers. comm. 2023). A study by Kusimi 2015 also found that land cover (especially forest cover) in the reserve declined, while land use increased between 1986 and 2013. Parts of the forest degraded into bushes/shrubs and the peripheral landscape was more affected due to intense human activities such as farming and illegal logging. Other activities such as expansion of settlements and illegal gold mining have also contributed to the negative impacts on the forest cover (Kusimi 2015). Atewa Forest is one of three possible sites where the government of Ghana is seeking to mine bauxite to develop an integrated bauxite-aluminium industry; up to this point it has not been exploited but the risk still exists (Purwins 2022).

Table 3. Threats to apes in Atewa Range Forest Reserve

Category Specific threats Threat level Quantified severity Description Year of threat
1. Residential & commercial development Unknown
2. Agriculture & aquaculture 2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops Low Farmers encroach into the Forest Reserve for illegal subsistence farming (Kusimi 2015, Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023). 2014-Ongoing (2023)
3. Energy production & mining 3.2 Mining & quarrying High Illegal mining can be found in the Forest Reserve, specifically gold mining (Kusimi 2015, Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023). 2014-Ongoing (2023)
3.2 Mining & quarrying Low In June 2019, in the absence of an environmental impact assessment, the Ghanaian authorities started clearing access roads to Atewa Forest to allow test-drilling for bauxite (IUCN Congress 2020). Bauxite deposits have been assessed several other times at the site by prospective companies, but bauxite mining has been so far met with strong opposition (Lindsell et al. 2019). Although the threat is low because mining has not proceeded, the potential impacts are high. 2019-Ongoing (2023)
4. Transportation & service corridors Unknown
5. Biological resource use 5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals High Poaching of wild animals in the Forest is common (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023). 1926-Ongoing (2023)
5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants High The communities around the Forest Reserve enter and collect non timber forest products for domestic and commercial purposes (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023). 1926-Ongoing (2023)
5.3 Logging & wood harvesting High Legal logging was permitted between 1966 and 1998 (Lindsell et al. 2019). 1966-1998
5.3 Logging & wood harvesting Medium Illegal logging still goes on in the Reserve, even after the 2003 management plan made no provisions for timber harvesting (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023, Lindsell et al. 2019). 2003-Ongoing (2023)
6. Human intrusion & disturbance Unknown
7. Natural system modifications 7.1 Fire & fire suppression Medium The Forest Reserve has a long boundary, where periodic fires occur due to farming practices around the reserve (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023). 2016-Ongoing (2023)
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases Unknown
9. Pollution Unknown
10. Geological Events Absent
11. Climate change & severe weather Unknown
12. Other options Absent

IUCN Threats list

Conservation activities

Some organisations are advocating that the Atewa Forest Reserve should be upgraded to National Park status, including the NGO Ghana A Rocha and the IUCN (Lindsell et al. 2019).

Table 4. Conservation activities in Atewa Range Forest Reserve

Category Specific activity Description Year of activity
1. Residential & commercial development Not reported
2. Agriculture & aquaculture Not reported
3. Energy production & mining Not reported
4. Transportation & service corridors Not reported
5. Biological resource use 5.1. Implement no-hunting seasons for primates Ghana has a closed season from 1st August to 1st December for all wild animals, including primates in Ghana Ongoing (2023)
5. Biological resource use 5.6. Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols The Forestry Commission used to carry out patrols in the Forest and has increased the number of Rapid Response Teams (RRT) to undertake regular patrols in important Forest Reserves (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023). 1926-Ongoing (2023)
5. Biological resource use 5.8. Inspect bushmeat markets for illegal primate species The Forestry Commission carries out checks on illegal trade in bush meat (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023). Ongoing (2023)
5. Biological resource use 5.9. Regularly de-activate/remove ground snares All snares seen in the Reserve by patrol teams and researchers are removed (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023). Ongoing (2023)
5. Biological resource use 5.10. Provide better equipment (e.g. guns) to anti-poaching ranger patrols New and better weapons have been acquired for the RRT (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023). 2023
6. Human intrusion & disturbance Not reported
7. Natural system modifications Not reported
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases Not reported
9. Pollution Not reported
10. Education & Awareness 10.1. Educate local communities about primates and sustainable use NGOs such as A Rocha Ghana, Conservation International etc. undertake conservation education around the Forest Reserve (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023). Ongoing (2023)
10. Education & Awareness 10.2. Involve local community in primate research and conservation management Local communities are involved in research activities in the Forest Reserve (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023). Ongoing (2023)
11. Habitat Protection 11.2. Legally protect primate habitat The site has been a Forest Reserve since 1926. 1926-Ongoing (2023)
12. Species Management Not reported
13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives 13.2. Provide non-monetary benefits to local communities for sustainably managing their forest and its wildlife (e.g. better education, infrastructure development) Communities are provided livelihood support programmes (implemented by A Rocha Ghana) to increase their support for conservation (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023). Ongoing (2023)

Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)

Challenges

The main challenges to conservation include lack of vigorous law Enforcement activities in the Forest Reserve, lack of logistics and low staff (Kusimi 2015).

Table 5. Challenges reported for Atewa Range Forest Reserve

Challenge Source
Lack of law enforcement Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023, Kusimi 2015
Lack of logistical means Kusimi 2015
Lack of human resources Kusimi 2015

Research activities

Studies have been carried out in the Forest Reserve on its biodiversity since 2003, for management plans, biodiversity assessments and threat assessments.

Documented behaviours

Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Atewa Range Forest Reserve

Behavior Source
Not reported

Exposure to climate change impacts

As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. (2024) extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2°C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3°C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period. The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (Kiribou et al. 2024).

Table 7. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Atewa Range Forest Reserve

1981-2010 2021-2050, RCP 2.6 2021-2050, RCP 6.0 2071-2099, RCP 2.6 2071-2099, RCP 6.0
Mean temperature [°C] 26.6 27.8 27.5 27.9 29.1
Annual precipitation [mm] 1401 1360 1420 1391 1427
Max no. consecutive dry days (per year) 23.7 28.4 30.8 29.8 30.7
No. days with heavy precipitation (per year) 6.3 8.1 7.4 7.4 9.7


Table 8. Projected exposure of apes to extreme climate impact events in Atewa Range Forest Reserve

No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 2.6) % of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 2.6) No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 6.0) % of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 6.0) No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 2.6) % of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 2.6) No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 6.0) % of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 6.0)
Crop failure 2.5 8.4 2 4.45 3 8.4 4 8.4
Drought 1.5 50 1 75 0.25 25 0.5 50
Heatwave 6.5 100 5.5 100 2 50 6 100
River flood 0.25 0 0.5 0 1 0 1.5 0.64
Tropical cyclone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wildfire 30 0.37 30 0.36 29 0.37 29 0.4
  • Precipitation anomaly in Atewa Range Forest Reserve
  • Temperature anomaly in Atewa Range Forest Reserve

External links

Ghana A Rocha

References

McCullough, J., Alonso, L. E., Naskrecki, P., Wright, H. E., & Osei-Owusu, Y. (2007). A rapid biological assessment of the Atewa Range Forest Reserve, eastern Ghana. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment, 47, 1-191.
Kusimi, J. M. (2015). Characterizing land disturbance in Atewa range forest reserve and buffer zone. Land Use Policy, 49, 471-482.
Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., ... & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. PLOS Climate, 3(2), e0000345.
Rapid Assessment Program. (2007). Biodiversity in the Atewa Range Forest Reserve, Ghana. Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA.
Purwins, S. (2022). Bauxite mining at Atewa Forest Reserve, Ghana: a political ecology of a conservation-exploitation conflict. GeoJournal, 87(2), 1085-1097.
J. Lindsell, R. Agyei, D. Bosu, J. Decher, W. Hawthorne, C. Marshall, C. Ofori-Boateng, M.-.O. Rodel (2019). The Biodiversity of Atewa Forest. Technical Report to A Rocha, January 2019. Online: https://ghana.arocha.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/2019/11/Biodiversity-of-Atewa-A-Rocha.pdf


Page completed by: Richard Ofori-Amanfo & APES wiki team Date: 10/11/2023

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