Difference between revisions of "Azagny National Park"

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   3) Keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. A link to the keyword list page is found adjacent  
 
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     rather than several keywords such as "Industrial mining", "Large-scale mining", and "Mining".  
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     rather than several keywords such as "Industrial mining", "Large-scale mining", and "Mining". [[File: Map_CIV_AzagnyNP.png | 400px | thumb| right | Azagny National Park (Côte d'Ivoire) © A.P.E.S. Wiki Team]]
 
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[[West Africa]] > [[Côte d’Ivoire]] > [[Azagny National Park]]
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[[West Africa]] > [[Côte d'Ivoire]] > [[Azagny National Park]]
  
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= Summary =  <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->
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= Summary =  <!-- An overview of the site, with a one-sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->
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<div style="float: right">
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{{#display_map: height=200px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap
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|5.21, -4.88~[[Azagny National Park]]~Western Chimpanzee
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}}
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</div>
  
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* Western chimpanzees ([https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15935/17989872 ''Pan troglodytes verus'']) are present in Azagny National Park.  
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* Western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus'') are present in Azagny National Park.  
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* • It was estimated that 36 (CI: 13-97) weaned individuals occurred in the site in 2007.  
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* It was estimated that 36 (CI: 13-97) weaned individuals occurred in the site in 2007.  
 
* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.  
 
* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.  
 
* This site has a total size of 194 km².  
 
* This site has a total size of 194 km².  
 
* Key threats to chimpanzees are human intrusion, poaching and subsistence farming (illegal cocoa and rubber plantations).  
 
* Key threats to chimpanzees are human intrusion, poaching and subsistence farming (illegal cocoa and rubber plantations).  
 
* No conservation activities were reported for Azagny National Park.
 
* No conservation activities were reported for Azagny National Park.
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* • Only about a third of the park is presumably habitat that chimpanzees can effectively use.
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* Only about a third of the park is presumably habitat that chimpanzees can effectively use.
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= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
 
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
  
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Azagny National Park is situated 100 km due west of Abidjan. The vegetation of the park is varied and mostly comprises swamps of various types, which cover two-thirds of the park, swamp-forest, inundated riverine forest, relatively small amounts of moist evergreen forest on areas of higher ground, and mangrove. There is also some littoral savanna woodland. Azagny was originally created a protected area in 1981 (Pullan 1988) in part for the conservation of forest elephants (''Loxodonta africana'') and forest buffaloes (''Syncerus caffer''), both of which occur in good numbers, benefiting from the protection of the swamps. Other mammals of global conservation concern include olive colobus (''Procolobus verus''), white-thighed colobus (''Colobus vellerosus''), white-naped mangabeys (''Cercocebus lunulatus''), Roloway’s monkeys (''Cercopithecus roloway''), and slender-snouted crocodiles (''Crocodylus cataphractus'') (BirdLife International 2019).
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Azagny National Park is situated 100 km due west of Abidjan. The vegetation of the park is varied and mostly comprises swamps of various types, which cover two-thirds of the park, swamp-forest, inundated riverine forest, relatively small amounts of moist evergreen forest on areas of higher ground, and mangrove. There is also some littoral savanna woodland. Azagny was originally created a protected area in 1981 (Pullan 1988) in part for the conservation of forest elephants (''Loxodonta africana'') and forest buffaloes (''Syncerus caffer''), both of which occur in good numbers, benefiting from the protection of the swamps. Other mammals of global conservation concern include olive colobus (''Procolobus verus''), white-thighed colobus (''Colobus vellerosus''), white-naped mangabeys (''Cercocebus lunulatus''), Roloway’s monkeys (''Cercopithecus roloway''), and slender-snouted crocodiles (''Crocodylus cataphractus'', BirdLife International 2019).
  
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'''Table 1. Basic site information for Azagny National Park'''
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'''Table 1: Basic site information for Azagny National Park'''
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
 
| Area            <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha    -->
 
| Area            <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha    -->
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|-
 
|-
 
| Coordinates
 
| Coordinates
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|5.21 N, -4.88 W
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|5.21, -4.88
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Designation      <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc.  -->
 
| Designation      <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc.  -->
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|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, Subtropical/tropical swamp forest, Moist savanna, Lagoon, Mangrove submerged roots, Rural gardens, Subtropical/tropical heavily degraded former forest
 
|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, Subtropical/tropical swamp forest, Moist savanna, Lagoon, Mangrove submerged roots, Rural gardens, Subtropical/tropical heavily degraded former forest
 
|}
 
|}
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[http://www.unitar.org/hiroshima/sites/unitar.org.hiroshima/files/Annex%201%20-%20IUCN%20Classification%20Schemes.pdf IUCN habitat categories]   [[Site designations]]
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[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
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<br>
 
  
 
= Ape status =  <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
 
= Ape status =  <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
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In 1988 (Hoppe-Dominik 1991) and 1989-1990 (Marchesi et al. 1995), strip transect surveys were conducted and yielded estimates of 30 and 57 individuals, respectively (whereby the 1995 estimate includes only weaned individuals). A line transect survey conducted by Herbinger (2007) recorded 88 nests on 56 km of transects surveyed. Transects of 1 km length, oriented in direction west/east, were separated from each other by 1 km in each direction and distributed systematically throughout the park. The precision of the abundance estimate of 47 weaned individuals (equivalent to 59 individuals in total using a correction factor of 0.8) was very low (CV= 52.4%), due to the fact that nests were recorded on only five out of 56 transects. Another survey was conducted in 2012 and differed in methodology in that it was a Rapid Assessment that surveyed recces of a total length of 23.5 km (WCF 2012). Recces were located in areas with a high probability of chimpanzee presence (based on previous surveys and chimpanzee habitat preferences). These methodological differences preclude the calculation of a population trend.
 
In 1988 (Hoppe-Dominik 1991) and 1989-1990 (Marchesi et al. 1995), strip transect surveys were conducted and yielded estimates of 30 and 57 individuals, respectively (whereby the 1995 estimate includes only weaned individuals). A line transect survey conducted by Herbinger (2007) recorded 88 nests on 56 km of transects surveyed. Transects of 1 km length, oriented in direction west/east, were separated from each other by 1 km in each direction and distributed systematically throughout the park. The precision of the abundance estimate of 47 weaned individuals (equivalent to 59 individuals in total using a correction factor of 0.8) was very low (CV= 52.4%), due to the fact that nests were recorded on only five out of 56 transects. Another survey was conducted in 2012 and differed in methodology in that it was a Rapid Assessment that surveyed recces of a total length of 23.5 km (WCF 2012). Recces were located in areas with a high probability of chimpanzee presence (based on previous surveys and chimpanzee habitat preferences). These methodological differences preclude the calculation of a population trend.
  
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'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Azagny National Park'''
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'''Table 2: Great ape population estimates in Azagny National Park'''
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
 
! Species
 
! Species
 
! Year
 
! Year
−
! Abundance estimate (95% confidence interval)
+
! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
−
! Density estimate (per km²)
+
! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
 
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
 
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
 
! Area
 
! Area
Line 68: Line 69:
 
|0.15
 
|0.15
 
|
 
|
−
|Azagny National Park (200 km2)
+
|Azagny National Park (200 km²)
 
|Interview method, strip & quadrat sampling
 
|Interview method, strip & quadrat sampling
 
|Hoppe-Dominik 1991
 
|Hoppe-Dominik 1991
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|''Pan troglodytes verus''
 
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
 
|1989-1990
 
|1989-1990
−
|57 (weaned individuals)
+
|57
 
|1.64
 
|1.64
 
|
 
|
−
|Azagny National Park (217.4 km2)
+
|Azagny National Park (217.4 km²)
 
|Informed guess
 
|Informed guess
 
|Marchesi et al. 1995
 
|Marchesi et al. 1995
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|''Pan troglodytes verus''
 
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
 
|2007
 
|2007
−
|47 (18-125) (weaned individuals)
+
|47 (18-125)
−
|0.72 (0.27-1.92) (weaned individuals)
+
|0.72 (0.27-1.92)
−
|3.1 (88 nests on 56 km)
+
|3.1
−
|Chimpanzee habitat within Azagny National Park (65 km2)
+
|Chimpanzee habitat within Azagny National Park (65 km²)
 
|Line transects (Distance)
 
|Line transects (Distance)
 
|Herbinger 2007
 
|Herbinger 2007
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|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
|5.02 (118 nests on 23.5 km)
+
|5.02
−
|Azagny National Park (174 km2)
+
|Azagny National Park (174 km²)
 
|Index survey
 
|Index survey
 
|WCF 2012
 
|WCF 2012
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|
 
|
 
|Present
 
|Present
−
|Azagny National Park (194 km2)
+
|Azagny National Park (194 km²)
 
|Index survey
 
|Index survey
 
|Bitty et al. 2015
 
|Bitty et al. 2015
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The small population of chimpanzees in Azagny National Park is highly threatened because of habitat destruction, mainly illegal rubber and cocoa plantations, in an area that is naturally already partly unsuitable for chimpanzees due to deep swamp areas (Herbinger 2007). Bitty et al. (2015) estimated that about 40% (77.6 km2) of the natural habitat inside the park has already been converted into cocoa plantations. Moreover, high hunting pressure poses a direct threat to chimpanzee survival (Herbinger 2007, 2012, Bitty et al. 2015). Lastly, the strong and regular presence of humans within park borders due to fishing, hunting and agricultural activities exposes this small population to health risks related to human-chimpanzee disease transmission (Herbinger 2007).
 
The small population of chimpanzees in Azagny National Park is highly threatened because of habitat destruction, mainly illegal rubber and cocoa plantations, in an area that is naturally already partly unsuitable for chimpanzees due to deep swamp areas (Herbinger 2007). Bitty et al. (2015) estimated that about 40% (77.6 km2) of the natural habitat inside the park has already been converted into cocoa plantations. Moreover, high hunting pressure poses a direct threat to chimpanzee survival (Herbinger 2007, 2012, Bitty et al. 2015). Lastly, the strong and regular presence of humans within park borders due to fishing, hunting and agricultural activities exposes this small population to health risks related to human-chimpanzee disease transmission (Herbinger 2007).
  
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'''Table 3. Threats to great apes in Azagny National Park'''
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'''Table 3: Threats to great apes in Azagny National Park'''
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
 
!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
 
!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
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!Quantified severity <!-- e.g., encounter rate, number of miners etc. (with reference)-->
 
!Quantified severity <!-- e.g., encounter rate, number of miners etc. (with reference)-->
 
!Description        <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
 
!Description        <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
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!Year of threat*     <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets-->
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!Year of threat      <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets-->
 
|-
 
|-
 
|1. Residential & commercial development
 
|1. Residential & commercial development
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|
 
|
 
|Bitty et al. (2015) estimate the human population size inside the park at zero
 
|Bitty et al. (2015) estimate the human population size inside the park at zero
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|XXXX (year)
+
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
 
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
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|2.1. Annual & Perennial Non-Timber Crops
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|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
 
|High
 
|High
 
|40% of natural forest converted to plantations (Bitty et al. 2015)
 
|40% of natural forest converted to plantations (Bitty et al. 2015)
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|-
 
|-
 
|5. Biological resource use
 
|5. Biological resource use
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|5.1. Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
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|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
 
|High
 
|High
 
|Poaching index of > 1 (supplementary material in Bitty et al. 2015)
 
|Poaching index of > 1 (supplementary material in Bitty et al. 2015)
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|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
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* if ongoing add year of reference in brackets
 
 
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
 
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
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= Conservation activities =      <!-- a text overview of conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
 
= Conservation activities =      <!-- a text overview of conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
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Although the site was legally protected in 1981, no additional conservation interventions have been reported for Azagny National Park.  
 
Although the site was legally protected in 1981, no additional conservation interventions have been reported for Azagny National Park.  
  
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'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Azagny National Park'''
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'''Table 4: Conservation activities in Azagny National Park'''
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
 
!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
 
!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
 
!Specific activity    <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
 
!Specific activity    <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
 
!Description        <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
 
!Description        <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
−
!Year of activity*         <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets -->
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!Year of activity        <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets -->
 
|-
 
|-
 
|1. Residential & commercial development
 
|1. Residential & commercial development
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|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
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* if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets
 
 
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
 
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
  
−
= Impediments = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->
+
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->
  
 
Economic, political, and social unrest, including a civil war (2002-2004), has been cited as an impediment (Bitty et al. 2015).
 
Economic, political, and social unrest, including a civil war (2002-2004), has been cited as an impediment (Bitty et al. 2015).
  
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'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Azagny National Park'''
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'''Table 5: Impediments reported for Azagny National Park'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="impediments-table"
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!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
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!align="left"|Impediment <!-- Do not change categories -->
 
 
!Source  <!-- source for impediment mentioned -->
 
!Source  <!-- source for impediment mentioned -->
 
|-
 
|-
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All the above listed surveys also recorded information on human impact.
 
All the above listed surveys also recorded information on human impact.
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===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
 
===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
  
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'''Table 6. Great ape behaviors reported for Azagny National Park'''
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'''Table 6: Great ape behaviors reported for Azagny National Park'''
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
 
!align="left"|Behavior  <!-- Do not change categories -->
 
!align="left"|Behavior  <!-- Do not change categories -->
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===Relevant datasets===
 
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[http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal]
 
−
 
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<br>
 
  
 
= References =
 
= References =
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Wild Chimpanzee Foundation (WCF) 2012. Evaluation Rapide de la Diversité Faunique Terrestre de Quatre Parcs Nationaux en Côte d’Ivoire. Unpublished report.<br>
 
Wild Chimpanzee Foundation (WCF) 2012. Evaluation Rapide de la Diversité Faunique Terrestre de Quatre Parcs Nationaux en Côte d’Ivoire. Unpublished report.<br>
  
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<br>
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'''Page completed by:''' A.P.E.S. Wiki Team '''Date:''' 11/09/2019  <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
 
'''Page completed by:''' A.P.E.S. Wiki Team '''Date:''' 11/09/2019  <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
 
<br><br>
 
<br><br>

Latest revision as of 11:53, 3 April 2024

West Africa > Côte d'Ivoire > Azagny National Park

Summary

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  • Western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) are present in Azagny National Park.
  • It was estimated that 36 (CI: 13-97) weaned individuals occurred in the site in 2007.
  • The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
  • This site has a total size of 194 km².
  • Key threats to chimpanzees are human intrusion, poaching and subsistence farming (illegal cocoa and rubber plantations).
  • No conservation activities were reported for Azagny National Park.
  • Only about a third of the park is presumably habitat that chimpanzees can effectively use.

Site characteristics

Azagny National Park is situated 100 km due west of Abidjan. The vegetation of the park is varied and mostly comprises swamps of various types, which cover two-thirds of the park, swamp-forest, inundated riverine forest, relatively small amounts of moist evergreen forest on areas of higher ground, and mangrove. There is also some littoral savanna woodland. Azagny was originally created a protected area in 1981 (Pullan 1988) in part for the conservation of forest elephants (Loxodonta africana) and forest buffaloes (Syncerus caffer), both of which occur in good numbers, benefiting from the protection of the swamps. Other mammals of global conservation concern include olive colobus (Procolobus verus), white-thighed colobus (Colobus vellerosus), white-naped mangabeys (Cercocebus lunulatus), Roloway’s monkeys (Cercopithecus roloway), and slender-snouted crocodiles (Crocodylus cataphractus, BirdLife International 2019).

Table 1. Basic site information for Azagny National Park

Area 194 km²
Coordinates 5.21, -4.88
Designation National Park
Habitat types Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, Subtropical/tropical swamp forest, Moist savanna, Lagoon, Mangrove submerged roots, Rural gardens, Subtropical/tropical heavily degraded former forest

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status

In 1988 (Hoppe-Dominik 1991) and 1989-1990 (Marchesi et al. 1995), strip transect surveys were conducted and yielded estimates of 30 and 57 individuals, respectively (whereby the 1995 estimate includes only weaned individuals). A line transect survey conducted by Herbinger (2007) recorded 88 nests on 56 km of transects surveyed. Transects of 1 km length, oriented in direction west/east, were separated from each other by 1 km in each direction and distributed systematically throughout the park. The precision of the abundance estimate of 47 weaned individuals (equivalent to 59 individuals in total using a correction factor of 0.8) was very low (CV= 52.4%), due to the fact that nests were recorded on only five out of 56 transects. Another survey was conducted in 2012 and differed in methodology in that it was a Rapid Assessment that surveyed recces of a total length of 23.5 km (WCF 2012). Recces were located in areas with a high probability of chimpanzee presence (based on previous surveys and chimpanzee habitat preferences). These methodological differences preclude the calculation of a population trend.

Table 2. Ape population estimates in Azagny National Park

Species Year Abundance estimate (95% CI) Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) Encounter rate (nests/km) Area Method Source Comments A.P.E.S. database ID
Pan troglodytes verus 1988 30 0.15 Azagny National Park (200 km²) Interview method, strip & quadrat sampling Hoppe-Dominik 1991 Depending on habitat, straight strip transects were 20, 40 or 100 m wide
Pan troglodytes verus 1989-1990 57 1.64 Azagny National Park (217.4 km²) Informed guess Marchesi et al. 1995 Mean density calculated for the national parks of the Guinean belt
Pan troglodytes verus 2007 47 (18-125) 0.72 (0.27-1.92) 3.1 Chimpanzee habitat within Azagny National Park (65 km²) Line transects (Distance) Herbinger 2007 Total survey effort: 56 km, estimate includes only weaned individuals
Pan troglodytes verus 2012 5.02 Azagny National Park (174 km²) Index survey WCF 2012 Recconaissance walk, total survey effort: 23.5 km
Pan troglodytes verus 2010-2013 Present Azagny National Park (194 km²) Index survey Bitty et al. 2015 Recconaissance walk, not recorded for sites

Threats

The small population of chimpanzees in Azagny National Park is highly threatened because of habitat destruction, mainly illegal rubber and cocoa plantations, in an area that is naturally already partly unsuitable for chimpanzees due to deep swamp areas (Herbinger 2007). Bitty et al. (2015) estimated that about 40% (77.6 km2) of the natural habitat inside the park has already been converted into cocoa plantations. Moreover, high hunting pressure poses a direct threat to chimpanzee survival (Herbinger 2007, 2012, Bitty et al. 2015). Lastly, the strong and regular presence of humans within park borders due to fishing, hunting and agricultural activities exposes this small population to health risks related to human-chimpanzee disease transmission (Herbinger 2007).

Table 3. Threats to great apes in Azagny National Park

Category Specific threats Threat level Quantified severity Description Year of threat
1. Residential & commercial development Absent Bitty et al. (2015) estimate the human population size inside the park at zero
2. Agriculture & aquaculture 2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops High 40% of natural forest converted to plantations (Bitty et al. 2015) Cocoa and rubber plantations (Bitty et al. 2015) Ongoing (2015)
3. Energy production & mining Not reported
4. Transportation & service corridors Not reported
5. Biological resource use 5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals High Poaching index of > 1 (supplementary material in Bitty et al. 2015) Ongoing (2015)
6. Human intrusions & disturbance Not reported
7. Natural system modifications Not reported
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases 8.1 Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases High High risk of contracting human diseases by chimpanzees due to human intrusions (Bitty et al. 2015) Ongoing (2015)
9. Pollution Unknown
10. Geological Events Absent
11. Climate change & severe weather Unknown
12. Other options Absent

IUCN Threats list

Conservation activities

Although the site was legally protected in 1981, no additional conservation interventions have been reported for Azagny National Park.

Table 4. Conservation activities in Azagny National Park

Category Specific activity Description Year of activity
1. Residential & commercial development Not reported
2. Agriculture & aquaculture Not reported
3. Energy production & mining Not reported
4. Transportation & service corridors Not reported
5. Biological resource use Not reported
6. Human intrusions & disturbance Not reported
7. Natural system modifications Not reported
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases Not reported
9. Pollution Not reported
10. Education & Awareness Not reported
11. Habitat Protection 11.2. Legally protect primate habitat The site is designated as a national park since 1981 (BirdLife International 2019) Ongoing (1981)
12. Species Management 12.12. Translocate (capture & release) wild primates from development sites to natural habitat elsewhere 20 Liberian chimpanzees were released on an island on the park border in 1985; six remained in 1995 (Hoppe-Dominik 1991, Marchesi et al. 1995) Completed (1985)
13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives Not reported

Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)

Challenges

Economic, political, and social unrest, including a civil war (2002-2004), has been cited as an impediment (Bitty et al. 2015).

Table 5. Challenges reported for Azagny National Park

Challenge Source
Civil unrest Bitty et al. 2015

Research activities

All the above listed surveys also recorded information on human impact.

Documented behaviours

Table 6. Great ape behaviors reported for Azagny National Park

Behavior Source
Not reported


References

BirdLife International (2019) Important Bird Areas factsheet: Azagny National Park. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 10/09/2019.
Bitty EA, Bi SG, Bene J-CK, Kouassi PK, McGraw WS. 2015. Cocoa farming and primate extirpation inside Cote d’Ivoire’s protected areas. Tropical Conservation Science 8: 95-113.
Herbinger I. 2007. Chimpanzee Survey in Azagny National Park. Unpublished report.
Marchesi P, Marchesi N, Fruth B, Boesch C. 1995. Census and distribution of chimpanzees in Ivory Coast. Primates 36: 591-607.
Hoppe-Dominik B. 1991. Distribution and status of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) on the Ivory Coast. Primate Report 31: 45-75.
Pullan RA. 1988. Conservation and the Development of National Parks in the Humid Tropics of Africa. Journal of Biogeography 15: 171-183.
Wild Chimpanzee Foundation (WCF) 2012. Evaluation Rapide de la Diversité Faunique Terrestre de Quatre Parcs Nationaux en Côte d’Ivoire. Unpublished report.


Page completed by: A.P.E.S. Wiki Team Date: 11/09/2019

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