Line 1: |
Line 1: |
− | = Direct threats =
| + | The list is based on the IUCN Threats Classification Scheme Version 3.3: |
| | | |
− | * [[Poaching]]
| + | 1 Residential & commercial development |
− | | + | 1.1 Residential areas |
− | * [[Disease]]
| + | 1.2 Commercial & industrial areas |
− | | + | 1.3 Tourism & recreation areas |
− | * [[Habitat loss]]
| + | 2 Agriculture & aquaculture |
− | | + | 2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops |
− | * [[Agriculture]]
| + | 2.1.1 Shifting agriculture |
− | | + | 2.1.2 Small-holder farming |
− | * [[Logging]]
| + | 2.1.3 Industrial farming |
− | | + | 2.2 Wood & pulp plantations |
− | * [[Mineral resource extraction]]
| + | 2.3 Livestock farming & ranching |
− | | + | 3 Energy production & mining |
− | * [[Climate change]]
| + | 3.1 Oil & gas drilling |
− | | + | 3.2 Mining & quarrying |
− | = Indirect threats =
| + | 3.2.1 Industrial mining |
− | | + | 3.2.3 Artisanal mining |
− | * [[Global resource demand]]
| + | 3.3 Renewable energy |
− | | + | 4 Transportation & service corridors |
− | * [[Corruption]]
| + | 4.1 Roads & railroads |
− | | + | 4.2 Utility & service lines |
− | * [[War]]
| + | 5 Biological resource use |
− | | + | 5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals |
− | * [[Poverty]]
| + | 5.1.1 Subsistence bushmeat hunting |
− | | + | 5.1.2 Unintentional effects |
− | * [[Lack of funding]]
| + | 5.1.3 Commercial bushmeat trade |
− | | + | 5.1.4 Capture for the live animal trade |
− | * [[Human population growth]]
| + | 5.1.5 Persecution/human wildlife conflict |
− | | + | 5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants |
− | * [[Lack of coordination in landscape use planning]]
| + | 5.3 Logging & wood harvesting |
| + | 5.3.1 Subsistence logging |
| + | 5.3.2 Commercial logging |
| + | 6 Human intrusions & disturbance |
| + | 6.1 Recreational activities |
| + | 6.2 Conflict, civil unrest & security activities |
| + | 6.3 Other human disturbances |
| + | 7 Natural system modifications |
| + | 7.1 Fire & fire suppression |
| + | 7.2 Dams & water management/use |
| + | 7.3 Other ecosystem modifications |
| + | 8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases |
| + | 8.1 Invasive non-native/alien species |
| + | 8.2 Problematic native species |
| + | 8.3 Introduced genetic material |
| + | 8.4 Pathogens |
| + | 9 Pollution |
| + | 9.1 Domestic & urban waste water |
| + | 9.2 Industrial & military effluents |
| + | 9.3 Agricultural & forestry effluents |
| + | 9.4 Garbage & solid waste |
| + | 9.5 Air-borne pollutants |
| + | 9.6 Energy emissions |
| + | 10 Geological events |
| + | 10.1 Volcanoes |
| + | 10.2 Earthquakes/tsunamis |
| + | 10.3 Avalanches/landslides |
| + | 11 Climate change & severe weather |
| + | 11.1 Habitat shifting & alteration |
| + | 11.2 Droughts |
| + | 11.3 Temperature extremes |
| + | 11.4 Storms & flooding |
| + | 12.1 Other threat |