Difference between revisions of "Seringbara"

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   3) Keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. A link to the keyword list page is found adjacent  
 
   3) Keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. A link to the keyword list page is found adjacent  
 
     to the relevant table or keyword list. This ensures that the same keyword always refers to the same concept, e.g. Everybody uses "Industrial mining",  
 
     to the relevant table or keyword list. This ensures that the same keyword always refers to the same concept, e.g. Everybody uses "Industrial mining",  
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     rather than several keywords such as "Industrial mining", "Large-scale mining", and "Mining".  
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     rather than several keywords such as "Industrial mining", "Large-scale mining", and "Mining". [[File: Map_GIN_Seringbara.png | 400px | thumb| right | Seringbara (Guinea) © A.P.E.S. Wiki Team]]
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<!-- Please add information for this site -->
 
<!-- Please add information for this site -->
 
[[West Africa]] > [[Republic of Guinea]] > [[Seringbara]]
 
[[West Africa]] > [[Republic of Guinea]] > [[Seringbara]]
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= Summary =  <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->
 
= Summary =  <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->
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<div style="float: right">
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[[File:Seringbara_Koops.JPG|500px|thumb|right|Seringbara © Kathelijne Koops]]
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{{#display_map: height=200px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap
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|7.63, -8.46~[[Seringbara]]~Western Chimpanzee
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* Western chimpanzees ([https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15935/17989872 ''Pan troglodytes verus'']) are present in Seringbara.  
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}}
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* Western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus'') are present in Seringbara.  
 
* It has been estimated that more than 100 individuals reside in two communities (Koops et al. in prep.).
 
* It has been estimated that more than 100 individuals reside in two communities (Koops et al. in prep.).
 
* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.  
 
* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.  
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= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
 
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
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[[File:Seringbara_Koops.JPG|500px|thumb|right|Seringbara © Kathelijne Koops]]
  
 
The Seringbara research area is located within the Mont Nimba Strict Nature Reserve on the western side of the Nimba Massif in southeastern Guinea. The area is adjacent to the village of Seringbara, approximately 6 km from Bossou, Guinea and 10 km from Yealé, Cote d’Ivoire (Koops 2011). It is separated from the Bossou hills by a 4 km stretch of savanna, an area that has been the focus of reforestation efforts by the Green Corridor Project. The Seringbara research area is largely composed of primary tropical forests, but as the terrain becomes steeper, it transitions to a mosaic of terrestrial herbaceous vegetations, montane forest, and high-altitude grasslands (Koops 2011; Fitzgerald et al 2018). The elevation ranges from 595 to 1520 m and the climate is characterized by a rainy season (February to October) and a 3-month dry season (November to February, Koops et al. 2012a, b; Koops et al. 2013).  
 
The Seringbara research area is located within the Mont Nimba Strict Nature Reserve on the western side of the Nimba Massif in southeastern Guinea. The area is adjacent to the village of Seringbara, approximately 6 km from Bossou, Guinea and 10 km from Yealé, Cote d’Ivoire (Koops 2011). It is separated from the Bossou hills by a 4 km stretch of savanna, an area that has been the focus of reforestation efforts by the Green Corridor Project. The Seringbara research area is largely composed of primary tropical forests, but as the terrain becomes steeper, it transitions to a mosaic of terrestrial herbaceous vegetations, montane forest, and high-altitude grasslands (Koops 2011; Fitzgerald et al 2018). The elevation ranges from 595 to 1520 m and the climate is characterized by a rainy season (February to October) and a 3-month dry season (November to February, Koops et al. 2012a, b; Koops et al. 2013).  
  
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'''Table 1. Basic site information for Seringbara'''
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'''Table 1: Basic site information for Seringbara'''
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
 
|Area            <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha    -->
 
|Area            <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha    -->
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|-
 
|-
 
|Coordinates
 
|Coordinates
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|7.63 N, -8.46 W
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|7.63, -8.46
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Designation      <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc.  -->
 
|Designation      <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc.  -->
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|Subtropical/Tropical moist forest
 
|Subtropical/Tropical moist forest
 
|}
 
|}
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[http://www.unitar.org/hiroshima/sites/unitar.org.hiroshima/files/Annex%201%20-%20IUCN%20Classification%20Schemes.pdf IUCN habitat categories]  [[Site designations]]
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[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories]  [[Site designations]]
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<br>
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{{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oqDp193gA1Q|inline}}
  
 
= Ape status =  <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
 
= Ape status =  <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
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Since 1976, several surveys have been conducted in the Seringbara region by Sugiyama, who visited the area at least four times to interview the local population on chimpanzees, suggesting chimpanzees were present in the area. During his visits he also did two field surveys of the area (Shimada 2000). Shimada confirmed the presence of chimpanzees by recorded vocalizations and the presence of nests in 1999 (Shimada 2000). While it was at first thought that chimpanzees use this area only seasonally, more systematic surveys in 2000 and 2001 established the presence of at least one chimpanzee community (Humle & Matsuzawa 2001). Since 2003, Kathelijne Koops (in collaboration with Kyoto University Primate Research Institute, KUPRI) has directed research at the Seringbara study site and researchers and field assistants have maintained a near-constant presence at the site. The study population remains partly habituated to human observers. For more information on the study site, see Koops (2011) and Koops et al (2007; 2012a, b; 2013; 2015, 2019). With the establishment of the permanent research site in 2003 the presence of at least two chimpanzee communities was confirmed and chimpanzee density estimated at 1.72 individuals/km2 (Koops 2011). Genetic analyses are currently ongoing and include 707 chimpanzee faecal samples collected at the Seringbara study site between 2003-2014 (Koops et al. in prep.).
 
Since 1976, several surveys have been conducted in the Seringbara region by Sugiyama, who visited the area at least four times to interview the local population on chimpanzees, suggesting chimpanzees were present in the area. During his visits he also did two field surveys of the area (Shimada 2000). Shimada confirmed the presence of chimpanzees by recorded vocalizations and the presence of nests in 1999 (Shimada 2000). While it was at first thought that chimpanzees use this area only seasonally, more systematic surveys in 2000 and 2001 established the presence of at least one chimpanzee community (Humle & Matsuzawa 2001). Since 2003, Kathelijne Koops (in collaboration with Kyoto University Primate Research Institute, KUPRI) has directed research at the Seringbara study site and researchers and field assistants have maintained a near-constant presence at the site. The study population remains partly habituated to human observers. For more information on the study site, see Koops (2011) and Koops et al (2007; 2012a, b; 2013; 2015, 2019). With the establishment of the permanent research site in 2003 the presence of at least two chimpanzee communities was confirmed and chimpanzee density estimated at 1.72 individuals/km2 (Koops 2011). Genetic analyses are currently ongoing and include 707 chimpanzee faecal samples collected at the Seringbara study site between 2003-2014 (Koops et al. in prep.).
  
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'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Seringbara'''
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'''Table 2: Great ape population estimates in Seringbara'''
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
 
! Species
 
! Species
 
! Year
 
! Year
−
! Abundance estimate (95% confidence interval)
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! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
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! Density estimate (per km²)
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! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
 
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
 
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
 
! Area
 
! Area
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Threats to chimpanzees in Seringbara include mining, habitat encroachment, poaching, and disease (Table 3, see also: Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve, Guinea).
 
Threats to chimpanzees in Seringbara include mining, habitat encroachment, poaching, and disease (Table 3, see also: Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve, Guinea).
  
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'''Table 3. Threats to great apes in Seringbara'''
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'''Table 3: Threats to great apes in Seringbara'''
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
 
!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
 
!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
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|-
 
|-
 
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
 
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
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|2.1. Annual & Perennial Non-Timber Crops
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|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
 
|High
 
|High
 
|
 
|
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|-
 
|-
 
|3. Energy production & mining
 
|3. Energy production & mining
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|3.2. Mining & Quarrying
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|3.2 Mining & quarrying
 
|High
 
|High
 
|
 
|
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|-
 
|-
 
|4. Transportation & service corridors
 
|4. Transportation & service corridors
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|4.1. Roads & railroads
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|4.1 Roads & railroads
 
|High
 
|High
 
|
 
|
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|Mining company will build infrastructure to transport iron ore (Koops & Fitzgerald pers. com.)
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|Mining companies will build infrastructure to transport iron ore (Koops & Fitzgerald pers. com.)
 
|Planned
 
|Planned
 
|-
 
|-
 
|5. Biological resource use
 
|5. Biological resource use
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|5.1. Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
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|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
 
|High
 
|High
 
|
 
|
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|-
 
|-
 
|
 
|
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|5.2. Gathering terrestrial plants
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|5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants
 
|High
 
|High
 
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|
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|-
 
|-
 
|
 
|
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|5.3. Logging & wood harvesting
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|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
 
|High
 
|High
 
|
 
|
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|-
 
|-
 
|7. Natural system modifications
 
|7. Natural system modifications
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|7.1. Fire & Fire suppression
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|7.1 Fire & fire suppression
 
|Medium
 
|Medium
 
|
 
|
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|-
 
|-
 
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
 
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
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|8.1. Invasive Non-Native/Alien Species/Disease
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|8.1 Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases
 
|Present
 
|Present
 
|
 
|
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Conservation interventions at the Seringbara study site implemented by the Institut de Recherche Environnementale de Bossou (IREB) and Kyoto University Primate Research Institute (KUPRI) include environmental education, community projects, and snare removal [https://www.greencorridor.info/en/field-info/nimba.html  www.greencorridor.info].
 
Conservation interventions at the Seringbara study site implemented by the Institut de Recherche Environnementale de Bossou (IREB) and Kyoto University Primate Research Institute (KUPRI) include environmental education, community projects, and snare removal [https://www.greencorridor.info/en/field-info/nimba.html  www.greencorridor.info].
  
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'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Seringbara'''
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'''Table 4: Conservation activities in Seringbara'''
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
 
!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
 
!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
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[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
 
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
  
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= Impediments = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->
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= Challenges = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->
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'''Table 5: Impediments reported for Seringbara'''
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'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Seringbara'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="impediments-table"
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
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!align="left"|Impediment <!-- Do not change categories -->
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!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
 
!Source  <!-- source for impediment mentioned -->
 
!Source  <!-- source for impediment mentioned -->
 
|-
 
|-
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Initial research at Seringbara focused on tool use behaviour by the Nimba chimpanzees especially in comparison to the chimpanzees at Bossou (e.g., Humle & Matsuzawa 2001, Koops 2011, Shimada 2000, Sugiyama 1995). Subsequently, Seringbara research broadened to include chimpanzee tool use patterns (Koops et al. 2013, 2015), feeding ecology (Koops 2011, Koops et al. 2013, 2019), grouping and ranging patterns (van Leeuwen et al. in press), nesting behaviour (Koops et al. 2007, 2012a,b), habitat suitability modeling (Fitzgerald et al. 2018), molecular genetics (Koops et al 2012b, Koops et al. in prep), nutritional analyses (Koops et al. 2019), land cover change analyses (Fitzgerald et al, in prep) and conservation strategies (Fitzgerald et al. in prep).
 
Initial research at Seringbara focused on tool use behaviour by the Nimba chimpanzees especially in comparison to the chimpanzees at Bossou (e.g., Humle & Matsuzawa 2001, Koops 2011, Shimada 2000, Sugiyama 1995). Subsequently, Seringbara research broadened to include chimpanzee tool use patterns (Koops et al. 2013, 2015), feeding ecology (Koops 2011, Koops et al. 2013, 2019), grouping and ranging patterns (van Leeuwen et al. in press), nesting behaviour (Koops et al. 2007, 2012a,b), habitat suitability modeling (Fitzgerald et al. 2018), molecular genetics (Koops et al 2012b, Koops et al. in prep), nutritional analyses (Koops et al. 2019), land cover change analyses (Fitzgerald et al, in prep) and conservation strategies (Fitzgerald et al. in prep).
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===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
 
===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
  
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'''Table 6. Great ape behaviors reported for Seringbara'''
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'''Table 6: Great ape behaviors reported for Seringbara'''
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
 
!align="left"|Behavior  <!-- Do not change categories -->
 
!align="left"|Behavior  <!-- Do not change categories -->
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|}
 
|}
  
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===Relevant datasets===
 
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[http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal]
 
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<br>
 
  
 
= References =
 
= References =
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The chimpanzees of Bossou and Nimba (2019) Green Corridor Project – Nimba, Online [https://www.greencorridor.info/en/field-info/nimba.html  www.greencorridor.info]<br>
 
The chimpanzees of Bossou and Nimba (2019) Green Corridor Project – Nimba, Online [https://www.greencorridor.info/en/field-info/nimba.html  www.greencorridor.info]<br>
  
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'''Page completed by:''' Kathelijne Koops & Maegan Fitzgerald '''Date:''' 02/12/2019  <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
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<br>
 
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'''Page completed by:''' A.P.E.S. Wiki Team, Kathelijne Koops & Maegan Fitzgerald '''Date:''' 02/12/2019  <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
 
 
<br><br>
 
<br><br>

Latest revision as of 15:46, 18 November 2024

West Africa > Republic of Guinea > Seringbara

Summary

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  • Western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) are present in Seringbara.
  • It has been estimated that more than 100 individuals reside in two communities (Koops et al. in prep.).
  • The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
  • This site has a total size of 30 km².
  • Threats to chimpanzees are habitat encroachment, disease, hunting (snares), and iron ore mining
  • Conservation activities include environmental education, snare removal, and local community projects.
  • Seringbara permanent chimpanzee research site was established in 2003.

Site characteristics

Seringbara © Kathelijne Koops

The Seringbara research area is located within the Mont Nimba Strict Nature Reserve on the western side of the Nimba Massif in southeastern Guinea. The area is adjacent to the village of Seringbara, approximately 6 km from Bossou, Guinea and 10 km from Yealé, Cote d’Ivoire (Koops 2011). It is separated from the Bossou hills by a 4 km stretch of savanna, an area that has been the focus of reforestation efforts by the Green Corridor Project. The Seringbara research area is largely composed of primary tropical forests, but as the terrain becomes steeper, it transitions to a mosaic of terrestrial herbaceous vegetations, montane forest, and high-altitude grasslands (Koops 2011; Fitzgerald et al 2018). The elevation ranges from 595 to 1520 m and the climate is characterized by a rainy season (February to October) and a 3-month dry season (November to February, Koops et al. 2012a, b; Koops et al. 2013).

Table 1. Basic site information for Seringbara

Area 30 km²
Coordinates 7.63, -8.46
Designation UNESCO World Heritage Site, Strict Nature Reserve (Réserve Naturelle Intégrale du Mont-Nimba), Biosphere Reserve
Habitat types Subtropical/Tropical moist forest

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status

Chimpanzee © Kathelijne Koops

Since 1976, several surveys have been conducted in the Seringbara region by Sugiyama, who visited the area at least four times to interview the local population on chimpanzees, suggesting chimpanzees were present in the area. During his visits he also did two field surveys of the area (Shimada 2000). Shimada confirmed the presence of chimpanzees by recorded vocalizations and the presence of nests in 1999 (Shimada 2000). While it was at first thought that chimpanzees use this area only seasonally, more systematic surveys in 2000 and 2001 established the presence of at least one chimpanzee community (Humle & Matsuzawa 2001). Since 2003, Kathelijne Koops (in collaboration with Kyoto University Primate Research Institute, KUPRI) has directed research at the Seringbara study site and researchers and field assistants have maintained a near-constant presence at the site. The study population remains partly habituated to human observers. For more information on the study site, see Koops (2011) and Koops et al (2007; 2012a, b; 2013; 2015, 2019). With the establishment of the permanent research site in 2003 the presence of at least two chimpanzee communities was confirmed and chimpanzee density estimated at 1.72 individuals/km2 (Koops 2011). Genetic analyses are currently ongoing and include 707 chimpanzee faecal samples collected at the Seringbara study site between 2003-2014 (Koops et al. in prep.).

Table 2. Ape population estimates in Seringbara

Species Year Abundance estimate (95% CI) Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) Encounter rate (nests/km) Area Method Source Comments A.P.E.S. database ID
Pan troglodytes verus 1999 Present Seringbara Unknown Shimada 2000
Pan troglodytes verus 2000-2001 Present Seringbara Unknown Humle & Matsuzawa 2001
Pan troglodytes verus 2003-2004 1.72 Seringbara Line transect (Distance) Koops 2011
Pan troglodytes verus 2003-2014 Present Seringbara Capture-recapture method Koops et al. (in prep.) Genetic sampling (i.e., microsatellites), analyses are currently being finalized

Threats

Threats to chimpanzees in Seringbara include mining, habitat encroachment, poaching, and disease (Table 3, see also: Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve, Guinea).

Table 3. Threats to great apes in Seringbara

Category Specific threats Threat level Quantified severity Description Year of threat
1. Residential & commercial development Absent
2. Agriculture & aquaculture 2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops High Slash-and-burn agriculture, habitat loss analyses ongoing (Fitzgerald et al. in prep) Ongoing (2019)
3. Energy production & mining 3.2 Mining & quarrying High Mining enclave north of the study site will commence iron ore mining in coming years (Koops & Fitzgerald pers. com.) Planned
4. Transportation & service corridors 4.1 Roads & railroads High Mining companies will build infrastructure to transport iron ore (Koops & Fitzgerald pers. com.) Planned
5. Biological resource use 5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals High Local human communities harvesting forest resources (Koops & Fitzgerald pers. com.) Ongoing (2019)
5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants High Local human communities harvesting forest resources (Koops & Fitzgerald pers. com.) Ongoing (2019)
5.3 Logging & wood harvesting High Local human communities harvesting forest resources (Koops & Fitzgerald pers. com.) Ongoing (2019)
6. Human intrusions & disturbance Absent
7. Natural system modifications 7.1 Fire & fire suppression Medium Fires used to clear land for agriculture and cattle grazing extend into the forest (Koops & Fitzgerald pers. com.) Ongoing (2019)
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases 8.1 Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases Present Risk of disease transmission between humans and chimpanzees (Koops & Fitzgerald pers. com.) Ongoing (2019)
9. Pollution Unknown
10. Geological Events Absent
11. Climate change & severe weather Unknown
12. Other options Absent

IUCN Threats list

Conservation activities

Conservation interventions at the Seringbara study site implemented by the Institut de Recherche Environnementale de Bossou (IREB) and Kyoto University Primate Research Institute (KUPRI) include environmental education, community projects, and snare removal www.greencorridor.info.

Table 4. Conservation activities in Seringbara

Category Specific activity Description Year of activity
1. Residential & commercial development Absent
2. Agriculture & aquaculture Absent
3. Energy production & mining Chimpanzee researchers at Seringbara consult mining company regarding mitigation of impact of mining to chimpanzees (Koops & Fitzgerald pers. com.) Ongoing (2019)
4. Transportation & service corridors Absent
5. Biological resource use 5.9. Regularly de-activate/remove ground snares Researchers cut snares and report hunting evidence (Koops & Fitzgerald pers. com.) Since 2003
5.17. Provide sustainable alternative livelihoods; establish fish- or domestic meat farms Fish-farming projects in collaboration with local NGO (Koops & Fitzgerald pers. com.) 2003-2004
6. Human intrusions & disturbance Absent
7. Natural system modifications Absent
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases 8.7. Wear face-masks to avoid transmission of viral and bacterial diseases to primates Researchers wear face masks and clean shoes before entering forest (Koops & Fitzgerald pers. com.) Since 2003
8.8. Keep safety distance to habituated animals Researchers keep minimum distance to chimpanzees (Koops & Fitzgerald pers. com.) Since 2003
8.10. Implement quarantine for people arriving at, and leaving the site Quarantine for new researchers arriving at the study site (Koops & Fitzgerald pers. com.) Since 2003
8.12. Ensure that researchers/tourists are up-to-date with vaccinations and healthy Researchers required to be vaccinated (Koops & Fitzgerald pers. com.) Since 2003
9. Pollution Absent
10. Education & Awareness 10.1. Educate local communities about primates and sustainable use IREB and KUPRI periodically conduct environmental education activities in local schools, sessions in villages close to study site by researchers at Seringbara (Koops & Fitzgerald pers. com.) Since 2003
10.5. Implement multimedia campaigns using theatre, film, print media, discussions Education sessions include group discussions, presentations, showing videos (Koops & Fitzgerald pers. com.) Since 2003
11. Habitat Protection 11.2. Legally protect primate habitat Designated a Strict Nature Reserve in 1944 (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2018) Since 1944
12. Species Management Absent
13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives 13.2. Provide non-monetary benefits to local communities for sustainably managing their forest and its wildlife (e.g. better education, infrastructure development) Local capacity building (e.g. schools, water pumps, etc.) by researchers at Seringbara (KUPRI) and local counter parts (IREB) (Koops & Fitzgerald pers. com.) Since 2003

Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)

Challenges

Table 5. Challenges reported for Seringbara

Challenge Source
Lack of capacity/ training Koops & Fitzgerald pers. com.
Lack of financial means Koops & Fitzgerald pers. com.

Research activities

Initial research at Seringbara focused on tool use behaviour by the Nimba chimpanzees especially in comparison to the chimpanzees at Bossou (e.g., Humle & Matsuzawa 2001, Koops 2011, Shimada 2000, Sugiyama 1995). Subsequently, Seringbara research broadened to include chimpanzee tool use patterns (Koops et al. 2013, 2015), feeding ecology (Koops 2011, Koops et al. 2013, 2019), grouping and ranging patterns (van Leeuwen et al. in press), nesting behaviour (Koops et al. 2007, 2012a,b), habitat suitability modeling (Fitzgerald et al. 2018), molecular genetics (Koops et al 2012b, Koops et al. in prep), nutritional analyses (Koops et al. 2019), land cover change analyses (Fitzgerald et al, in prep) and conservation strategies (Fitzgerald et al. in prep).

Documented behaviours

Table 6. Great ape behaviors reported for Seringbara

Behavior Source
Ant dipping Humle & Matsuzawa 2001, Koops et al. 2015
Crab fishing Koops et al. 2019
Fruit cleaving (Treculia) Koops et al. 2010
Hand clapping Koops & Matsuzawa 2006
Leaf biting Koops 2011
Leaf cushions Koops 2011
Leaf swallowing Koops 2011
Making ground nests Humle & Matsuzawa 2001, Koops et al. 2007, Koops 2011, Koops et al. 2012 a,b
Medicinal uses of leaves Koops 2011


References

Fitzgerald et al 2018. Modeling habitat suitability for chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in the Greater Nimba Landscape, Guinea, West Africa. Primates 59: 361-375.
Humle T, Matsuzawa T. 2001. Behavioural diversity among the wild chimpanzee populations of Bossou and neighbouring areas, Guinea and Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa, A Preliminary Report, Folia Primatologica 72: 57-68.
Koops K, T. Matsuzawa. 2006. Hand clapping by a chimpanzee in the Nimba Mountain. Pan African News 13(2).
Koops K et al. 2007. Ground-nesting by the chimpanzees of the Nimba Mountains, Guinea: environmentally or socially determined? American Journal of Primatology 69: 407–419.
Koops K et al. 2010. Do chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) use cleavers and anvils to fracture Treculia africana fruits? Preliminary data on a new form of percussive technology. Primates 51:175-178.
Koops K et al. 2012a. Nest-building by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) at Seringbara, Nimba Mountains: anti-predation, thermoregulation, and anti-vector hypotheses. International Journal of Primatology 33 (2): 356-380.
Koops et al 2012b. Terrestrial nest-building in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus): Implications for the tree-to-ground sleep transition in early hominins. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 148: 351-361.
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Page completed by: Kathelijne Koops & Maegan Fitzgerald Date: 02/12/2019

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