Difference between revisions of "Lobéké National Park"

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   3) Keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. A link to the keyword list page is found adjacent
 
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    rather than several keywords such as "Industrial mining", "Large-scale mining", and "Mining".  
 
 
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[[Central Africa]] > [[Cameroon]] > [[Lobéké National Park]]
  
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[[Region]] > [[Country]] > [[Site]]
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= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
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[[File: 2 Gorillas Petit Savanne Bai Lobeke 2023 April_11zon.jpg | 400px | thumb| right | Gorillas in the Petite Savanne Bai, Lobeke © Dirck Byler]]
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= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->
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* Central chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes troglodytes'') & western lowland gorillas (''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'') are present in Lobéké National Park.
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* It has been estimated that 2,658 gorillas and chimpanzees occur in the site.
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* Ape taxa present  
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* The great ape population trend is decreasing.
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* Ape population size
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* The site has a total size of 2,153 km².
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* Ape population trend  
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* Poaching is a key threat to chimpanzees and gorillas.
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* This site has a total size of XX km².
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* The site forms part of the Sangha Trinational transboundary conservation landscape.
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* Key threats to apes are ...
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[[File: Gorillas Petit Savanne Bai Lobeke NP Dirck Byler 2023 April_11zon.jpg | 400px | thumb| right | Gorillas in the Petite Savanne Bai, Lobeke © Dirck Byler]]
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* Additional information
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= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
  
 +
Lobéké National Park is situated in the southeast corner of Cameroon. The park forms part of the Sangha Trinational (TNS) transboundary conservation landscape, which also includes [[Dzanga-Ndoki National Park]] in the Central African Republic, and [[Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park]] in the Republic of Congo (N'Goran 2017; BirdLife International 2020). With at least 305 bird species recorded, Lobéké National Park is a designated Important Bird Area (BirdLife International 2020). The saline swamps found in Lobéké attract large numbers of elephants and bongos, and the park contains a significant proportion of untouched primary forest (BirdLife International 2020). The park has one of the highest concentrations of gorillas and elephants in the continent ([https://fondationtns.org/en/ Sangha Tri-national Trust fund]).
  
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= Site characteristics =
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'''Table 1. Basic site information for Lobéké National Park'''
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This section includes a paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, a brief history of the site and on animals and plants that are known to occur at the site.
 
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'''Table 1: Basic site information for XXXX'''
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
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| Area             <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha   -->
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| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
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|
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|2,153 km²
 
|-
 
|-
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| Coordinates
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|Coordinates
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|
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|2.298493 N, 15.689466 E
 
|-
 
|-
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| Designation     <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc.  -->
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|Designation
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|National Park
 
|-
 
|-
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|Habitat types   <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (Without number), see link below -->
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|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
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|
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|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical/tropical swamp forest, marshes
 
|}
 
|}
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[http://www.unitar.org/hiroshima/sites/unitar.org.hiroshima/files/Annex%201%20-%20IUCN%20Classification%20Schemes.pdf IUCN habitat categories]   [[Site designations]]
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[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
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<br>
 
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= Ape status =  <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
 
  
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= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
  
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'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Lobéké National Park'''
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This section includes a brief summary of the survey history, the most recent abundance estimate, date of the estimate, and, if available, the population trend (if explicitely stated in a report/paper).
 
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'''Table 2: Ape population estimates in XXXX'''
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
 
! Species
 
! Species
 
! Year
 
! Year
−
! Abundance estimate (95% confidence interval)
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! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
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! Density estimate (per km²)
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! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
 
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
 
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
 
! Area
 
! Area
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! A.P.E.S. database ID
 
! A.P.E.S. database ID
 
|-
 
|-
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|''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'' & ''Pan troglodytes troglodytes''
 +
|2015
 +
|2,658
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 +
|Lobéké National Park
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|Line transects (Distance)
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|N'Goran 2017
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 +
|-
 +
|''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'' & ''Pan troglodytes troglodytes''
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|2009
 +
|2,685
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|Lobéké National Park
 +
|Unknown
 +
|N'Goran 2017
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'' & ''Pan troglodytes troglodytes''
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|2006
 +
|5,598
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 +
|Lobéké National Park
 +
|Unknown
 +
|N'Goran 2017
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 +
|-
 +
|''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'' & ''Pan troglodytes troglodytes''
 +
|2002
 +
|6,360
 
|
 
|
 +
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|Lobéké National Park
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|Unknown
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|N'Goran 2017
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|
 
|
 
|
 
|}
 
|}
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= Threats =    <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
 
= Threats =    <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
  
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'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Lobéké National Park'''
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This sections describes threats at the site, particularly those relevant for apes and thereby provides context for the threats listed in the table below.
 
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'''Table 3: Threats to apes in XXXX'''
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
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!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
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!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
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!Specific threats   <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
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!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
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!Threat level       <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: unknown, low, high -->
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!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
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!Quantified severity <!-- e.g., encounter rate, number of miners etc. (with reference)-->
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!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->
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!Description         <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
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!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
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!Year of threat     <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets-->
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!Year of threat <!-- Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
 
|-
 
|-
 
|1. Residential & commercial development
 
|1. Residential & commercial development
 
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|Unknown
 
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|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
 
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
 
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−
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|Unknown
 
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|3. Energy production & mining
 
|3. Energy production & mining
 
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|Unknown
 
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|4. Transportation & service corridors
 
|4. Transportation & service corridors
 
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|Unknown
 
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|-
 
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|5. Biological resource use
 
|5. Biological resource use
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|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
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|High
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|Hunting encounter rates increased from 0.11 sign/km in 2002, to 0.17 sign/km in 2009, to 0.25 sign/km in 2015 (N'Goran 2017).
 
|
 
|
−
|
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|Ongoing (2017)
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|
 
−
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−
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|-
 
|-
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|6. Human intrusions & disturbance
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|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
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 +
|Unknown
 
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|7. Natural system modifications
 
|7. Natural system modifications
 
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−
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|Unknown
 
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|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
 
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
 
|
 
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−
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|Unknown
 
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|9. Pollution
 
|9. Pollution
 
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|Unknown
 
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|10. Geological Events
 
|10. Geological Events
 
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−
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|Absent
 
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|-
 
|-
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|11. Climate change & severe weather
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| 11. Climate change & severe weather
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|
 
 
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 +
|Unknown
 
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|12. Other options
 
|12. Other options
 
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−
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|Absent
 
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[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
 
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
  
 +
= Conservation activities =      <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
  
 +
The [https://fondationtns.org/en/support-for-conservation-and-monitoring/ Sangha Tri-National Trust Fund] has contributed to the implementation of several conservation activities across the TNS; the WWF has helped develop and improve management plans for the area through their [https://www.wwf-congobasin.org/where_we_work/cameroon/jengi_programme/ Jengi programme].
  
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= Conservation activities =      <!-- a text overview of conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
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'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Lobéké National Park'''
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This sections describes conservation interventions implemented at the site, including information on which organizations are implementing them and thereby provides context for the conservation activities listed in the table below.
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
'''Table 4: Conservation activities in XXXX'''
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
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!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
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!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
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!Specific activity   <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
+
!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
−
!Description         <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
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!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
−
!Year of activity         <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets -->
+
!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
 
|-
 
|-
 
|1. Residential & commercial development
 
|1. Residential & commercial development
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
 
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|3. Energy production & mining
 
|3. Energy production & mining
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|4. Transportation & service corridors
 
|4. Transportation & service corridors
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|5. Biological resource use
 
|5. Biological resource use
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|6. Human intrusions & disturbance
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|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|7. Natural system modifications
 
|7. Natural system modifications
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
 
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|9. Pollution
 
|9. Pollution
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|10. Education & Awareness  
 
|10. Education & Awareness  
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|11. Habitat Protection
 
|11. Habitat Protection
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|12. Species Management
 
|12. Species Management
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives  
 
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives  
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
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[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
 
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
  
 +
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
  
−
 
+
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Lobéké National Park'''
−
= Impediments = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->
+
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
−
 
+
!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
−
 
+
!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
−
Description of impediments that may hamper conservation activities.
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
'''Table 5: Impediments reported for XXXX'''
 
−
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="impediments-table"
 
−
!align="left"|Impediment  <!-- Do not change categories -->
 
−
!Source   <!-- source for impediment mentioned -->
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
−
 
−
 
  
 
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
 
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
  
−
 
+
Several studies have been conducted at Lobéké National Park. A recent study found that changes in land cover from 2001 to 2014 influenced great ape nest distribution (Yuh et al. 2019).
−
Short description of past and ongoing research activities at the site.
 
−
 
 
  
 
===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
 
===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
  
−
'''Table 6: Ape behaviors reported for XXXX'''
+
'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Lobéké National Park'''
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
−
!align="left"|Behavior <!-- Do not change categories -->
+
!align="left"|Behavior
−
!Source   <!-- source for behavior -->
+
!Source
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
 +
=External links=
 +
[https://fondationtns.org/en/lobeke-national-park/ The Sangha Tri-National Trust Fund]
  
 
===Relevant datasets===
 
===Relevant datasets===
 
[http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal]
 
[http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal]
−
 
−
<br>
 
−
 
  
 
= References =
 
= References =
−
 
+
N'Goran, K.P. (2017). Summary Report on WWF BIOMONITORING activities from 2014 to 2016 Status of Forest Elephant and Great Apes in Central Africa Priority Sites.<br>
 +
BirdLife International. (2020). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Lobéké National Park. Retrieved from http://www.birdlife.org on 23/11/2020.<br>
 +
Yuh, Y. G., Dongmo, Z. N., N’Goran, P. K., Ekodeck, H., Mengamenya, A., Kuehl, H., Sop, T., Tracz, W., Agunbiade, M., & Elvis, T. (2019). Effects of Land cover change on Great Apes distribution at the Lobéké National Park and its surrounding Forest Management Units, South-East Cameroon. A 13 year time series analysis. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36225-2 <br>
  
 
<br>
 
<br>
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'''Page completed by:'''XXXX '''   Date:''' DD/MM/YY  <br>
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'''Page completed by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki Team''' Date:''' 06/12/2020 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
−
 
 
−
<i>Please consider whether any information you would like to add is sensitive and could be misused to harm apes. Please do not add such information. If unsure, you can contact the Wiki manager (contact details on start page) for clarification.</i>
 
−
<br><br>
 

Latest revision as of 03:40, 25 May 2023

Central Africa > Cameroon > Lobéké National Park

Summary[edit]

Gorillas in the Petite Savanne Bai, Lobeke © Dirck Byler
  • Central chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) & western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) are present in Lobéké National Park.
  • It has been estimated that 2,658 gorillas and chimpanzees occur in the site.
  • The great ape population trend is decreasing.
  • The site has a total size of 2,153 km².
  • Poaching is a key threat to chimpanzees and gorillas.
  • The site forms part of the Sangha Trinational transboundary conservation landscape.
Gorillas in the Petite Savanne Bai, Lobeke © Dirck Byler

Site characteristics[edit]

Lobéké National Park is situated in the southeast corner of Cameroon. The park forms part of the Sangha Trinational (TNS) transboundary conservation landscape, which also includes Dzanga-Ndoki National Park in the Central African Republic, and Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park in the Republic of Congo (N'Goran 2017; BirdLife International 2020). With at least 305 bird species recorded, Lobéké National Park is a designated Important Bird Area (BirdLife International 2020). The saline swamps found in Lobéké attract large numbers of elephants and bongos, and the park contains a significant proportion of untouched primary forest (BirdLife International 2020). The park has one of the highest concentrations of gorillas and elephants in the continent (Sangha Tri-national Trust fund).

Table 1. Basic site information for Lobéké National Park

Area 2,153 km²
Coordinates 2.298493 N, 15.689466 E
Designation National Park
Habitat types Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical/tropical swamp forest, marshes

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status[edit]

Table 2. Ape population estimates in Lobéké National Park

Species Year Abundance estimate (95% CI) Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) Encounter rate (nests/km) Area Method Source Comments A.P.E.S. database ID
Gorilla gorilla gorilla & Pan troglodytes troglodytes 2015 2,658 Lobéké National Park Line transects (Distance) N'Goran 2017
Gorilla gorilla gorilla & Pan troglodytes troglodytes 2009 2,685 Lobéké National Park Unknown N'Goran 2017
Gorilla gorilla gorilla & Pan troglodytes troglodytes 2006 5,598 Lobéké National Park Unknown N'Goran 2017
Gorilla gorilla gorilla & Pan troglodytes troglodytes 2002 6,360 Lobéké National Park Unknown N'Goran 2017

Threats[edit]

Table 3. Threats to apes in Lobéké National Park

Category Specific threats Threat level Quantified severity Description Year of threat
1. Residential & commercial development Unknown
2. Agriculture & aquaculture Unknown
3. Energy production & mining Unknown
4. Transportation & service corridors Unknown
5. Biological resource use 5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals High Hunting encounter rates increased from 0.11 sign/km in 2002, to 0.17 sign/km in 2009, to 0.25 sign/km in 2015 (N'Goran 2017). Ongoing (2017)
6. Human intrusion & disturbance Unknown
7. Natural system modifications Unknown
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases Unknown
9. Pollution Unknown
10. Geological Events Absent
11. Climate change & severe weather Unknown
12. Other options Absent

IUCN Threats list

Conservation activities[edit]

The Sangha Tri-National Trust Fund has contributed to the implementation of several conservation activities across the TNS; the WWF has helped develop and improve management plans for the area through their Jengi programme.

Table 4. Conservation activities in Lobéké National Park

Category Specific activity Description Year of activity
1. Residential & commercial development Not reported
2. Agriculture & aquaculture Not reported
3. Energy production & mining Not reported
4. Transportation & service corridors Not reported
5. Biological resource use Not reported
6. Human intrusion & disturbance Not reported
7. Natural system modifications Not reported
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases Not reported
9. Pollution Not reported
10. Education & Awareness Not reported
11. Habitat Protection Not reported
12. Species Management Not reported
13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives Not reported

Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)

Challenges[edit]

Table 5. Challenges reported for Lobéké National Park

Challenge Source
Not reported

Research activities[edit]

Several studies have been conducted at Lobéké National Park. A recent study found that changes in land cover from 2001 to 2014 influenced great ape nest distribution (Yuh et al. 2019).

Documented behaviours[edit]

Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Lobéké National Park

Behavior Source
Not reported

External links[edit]

The Sangha Tri-National Trust Fund

Relevant datasets[edit]

A.P.E.S Portal

References[edit]

N'Goran, K.P. (2017). Summary Report on WWF BIOMONITORING activities from 2014 to 2016 Status of Forest Elephant and Great Apes in Central Africa Priority Sites.
BirdLife International. (2020). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Lobéké National Park. Retrieved from http://www.birdlife.org on 23/11/2020.
Yuh, Y. G., Dongmo, Z. N., N’Goran, P. K., Ekodeck, H., Mengamenya, A., Kuehl, H., Sop, T., Tracz, W., Agunbiade, M., & Elvis, T. (2019). Effects of Land cover change on Great Apes distribution at the Lobéké National Park and its surrounding Forest Management Units, South-East Cameroon. A 13 year time series analysis. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36225-2


Page completed by: A.P.E.S. Wiki Team Date: 06/12/2020

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