Difference between revisions of "Dimonika Biosphere Reserve"

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   1) Table structure cannot be changed
 
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   2) Keyword format should not change, i.e. they are comma separated lists, not bullet points or numbered lists.  
 
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   3) Keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. A link to the keyword list page is found adjacent
 
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    rather than several keywords such as "Industrial mining", "Large-scale mining", and "Mining".  
 
 
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[[Central Africa]] > [[Republic of the Congo]] > [[Dimonika Biosphere Reserve]]
  
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[[Region]] > [[Country]] > [[Site]]
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= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
−
 
+
* Central chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes troglodytes'') and western lowland gorillas (''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'') are present in Dimonika Biosphere Reserve.
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= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->
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* The gorilla population at the site has been estimated at 113 nest building individuals.
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* The great ape population trend is unknown.
−
* Ape taxa present  
+
* The site has a total size of 1,360 km².
−
* Ape population size
+
* Key threats to great apes are hunting and gold mining.
−
* Ape population trend  
+
* Conservation activities at the site are not reported.
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* This site has a total size of XX km².
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* The site was declared a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 1988.
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* Key threats to apes are ...
 
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* Additional information
 
  
 +
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
  
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= Site characteristics =
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The site is located in the central Mayombe mountain chain in the Republic of Congo, about 50 km from the Atlantic coast. It was declared a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 1988 ([https://en.unesco.org/biosphere/africa/dimonika UNESCO]). The reserve has a remarkable mountainous terrain dominated by lowland guineo-congolese rainforest and savanna patches. A total of 275 bird species have been recorded at Dimonika, including rare species, such as Bubo shelleyi. In addition to western lowland gorillas and chimpanzees, other species of conservation concern found at the site include forest elephants (''Loxodonta cyclotis''), African forest buffalo (''Syncerus caffer nanus''), and mandrills (''Mandrillus sphinx'') (BirdLife International 2021). The southern edge of the reserve coincides with a road and part of a railway line that connect Brazzaville to Pointe-Noire, along which lie several large settlements. There is also a road that goes into the reserve to the villages of Dimonika and Makaba (BirdLife International 2021).
  
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'''Table 1. Basic site information for Dimonika Biosphere Reserve'''
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This section includes a paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, a brief history of the site and on animals and plants that are known to occur at the site.
 
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−
 
 
−
 
 
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'''Table 1: Basic site information for XXXX'''
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
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| Area             <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha   -->
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| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
−
|
+
|1,360 km²
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Coordinates
+
|Coordinates
−
|
+
| -4.167361 S, 12.346388 E
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Designation     <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc.  -->
+
|Designation
−
|
+
|Biosphere Reserve
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Habitat types   <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (Without number), see link below -->
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|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
−
|
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|Subtropical/tropical moist montane forest, savanna
 
|}
 
|}
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[http://www.unitar.org/hiroshima/sites/unitar.org.hiroshima/files/Annex%201%20-%20IUCN%20Classification%20Schemes.pdf IUCN habitat categories]   [[Site designations]]
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[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
−
<br>
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
  
−
= Ape status = <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
+
= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
  
 +
With support from the U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service's Great Ape Conservation Fund, in 2009 the Jane Goodall Institute (JGI), in partnership with the Ministère de l'Economie Fo­restière et de l'Environnement, was able to conduct biodiversity and socio-economic surveys in Dimonika Biosphere Reserve (Pintea, Atencia & Cox 2013). A JGI survey team conducted a series of initial reconnaissance walks within the reserve. A sampling plan was then designed using Distance software that identified 57 one-kilometer line transects. The field teams were able to collect data along 50 line transects with a total length of 44,590 km. Some inaccessible places on very steep slopes still remain quite intact with mature forest (Pintea, Atencia & Cox 2013). The survey confirmed the presence of a population of western lowland gorilla (''Gorilla gorilla gorilla''), estimated at 113 nest building individuals. Some ape nests could not be identified to the species level and the number of those individuals (chimpanzees or gorillas) were estimated at 163. Furthermore, gorillas were among large mammal species – including chimpanzees, duikers and bush pigs – whose traces (footprints, droppings, tracks, crossings) were the most frequently encountered (Pintea, Atencia & Cox 2013).
  
−
 
+
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Dimonika Biosphere Reserve'''
−
This section includes a brief summary of the survey history, the most recent abundance estimate, date of the estimate, and, if available, the population trend (if explicitely stated in a report/paper).
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
'''Table 2: Ape population estimates in XXXX'''
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
 
! Species
 
! Species
 
! Year
 
! Year
−
! Abundance estimate (95% confidence interval)
+
! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
−
! Density estimate (per km²)
+
! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
 
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
 
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
 
! Area
 
! Area
Line 72: Line 55:
 
! A.P.E.S. database ID
 
! A.P.E.S. database ID
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|''Gorilla gorilla gorilla''
 +
|2009
 +
|113
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
|
+
|Dimonika Biosphere Reserve
−
|
+
|Line transects (Distance)
−
|
+
|Pintea, Atencia & Cox 2013
−
|
+
|113 nest building individals
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|}
 
|}
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= Threats =    <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
 
= Threats =    <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
  
 +
Hunting and mining are the primary threats to great apes at the site (Pintea, Atencia & Cox 2013; BirdLife International 2021). During the 2009 wildlife inventory, hunting signs (animals slaughtered, cartridge cases, hunting trails, signs of passage) and mining signs were frequently observed (Pintea, Atencia & Cox 2013). The main activity in the villages adjacent to the site is hunting, as the villages are located on major roads and constantly have customers. Old logging roads going into the reserve still serve as a network of hunting trails (Pintea, Atencia & Cox 2013). In the village of Dimonika, the hamlets of Voula and Ndéguélé (former secondary mining areas), Vigoureux, and the village of Poung, artisanal gold mining is increasing (Pintea, Atencia & Cox 2013).
  
−
This sections describes threats at the site, particularly those relevant for apes and thereby provides context for the threats listed in the table below.
+
'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Dimonika Biosphere Reserve'''
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
'''Table 3: Threats to apes in XXXX'''
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
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!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
+
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
−
!Specific threats   <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
+
!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
−
!Threat level       <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: unknown, low, high -->
+
!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
−
!Quantified severity <!-- e.g., encounter rate, number of miners etc. (with reference)-->
+
!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->
−
!Description         <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
+
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
−
!Year of threat     <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets-->
+
!Year of threat <!-- Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
 
|-
 
|-
 
|1. Residential & commercial development
 
|1. Residential & commercial development
 
|
 
|
−
|
+
|Unknown
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
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|-
 
|-
 
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
 
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
 +
|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
 +
|Present, but threat severity unknown
 
|
 
|
−
|
+
|Commercial and subsistence farming (Pintea, Atencia & Cox 2013).
−
|
+
|Ongoing (2013)
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|3. Energy production & mining
 
|3. Energy production & mining
 +
|3.2 Mining & quarrying
 +
|High
 
|
 
|
−
|
+
|Commercialized artisanal gold mining (Pintea, Atencia & Cox 2013).
−
|
+
|Ongoing (2013)
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|4. Transportation & service corridors
 
|4. Transportation & service corridors
 
|
 
|
−
|
+
|Unknown
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 128: Line 109:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|5. Biological resource use
 
|5. Biological resource use
 +
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
 +
|High
 
|
 
|
 +
|Subsistence hunting as well as commercialized bushmeat trade. Hunting tracks starting from the village follow old, established logging tracks (Pintea, Atencia & Cox 2013).
 +
|Ongoing (2013)
 +
|-
 
|
 
|
 +
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
 +
|Low
 
|
 
|
−
|
+
|Old logging sites and tracks were often found during wildlife inventory (Pintea, Atencia & Cox 2013).
−
|
+
|Ongoing (2013)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|6. Human intrusions & disturbance
+
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
 +
|Unknown
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
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|7. Natural system modifications
 
|7. Natural system modifications
 
|
 
|
−
|
+
|Unknown
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
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|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
 
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
 
|
 
|
−
|
+
|Unknown
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
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|9. Pollution
 
|9. Pollution
 
|
 
|
−
|
+
|Unknown
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 164: Line 152:
 
|10. Geological Events
 
|10. Geological Events
 
|
 
|
−
|
+
|Absent
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|11. Climate change & severe weather
+
| 11. Climate change & severe weather
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
 +
|Unknown
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
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|12. Other options
 
|12. Other options
 
|
 
|
−
|
+
|Absent
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
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[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
 
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
  
 +
= Conservation activities =      <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
  
−
 
+
'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Dimonika Biosphere Reserve'''
−
= Conservation activities =      <!-- a text overview of conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
This sections describes conservation interventions implemented at the site, including information on which organizations are implementing them and thereby provides context for the conservation activities listed in the table below.
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
'''Table 4: Conservation activities in XXXX'''
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
−
!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
+
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
−
!Specific activity   <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
+
!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
−
!Description         <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
+
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
−
!Year of activity         <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets -->
+
!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
 
|-
 
|-
 
|1. Residential & commercial development
 
|1. Residential & commercial development
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
 
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|3. Energy production & mining
 
|3. Energy production & mining
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|4. Transportation & service corridors
 
|4. Transportation & service corridors
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|5. Biological resource use
 
|5. Biological resource use
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|6. Human intrusions & disturbance
+
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|7. Natural system modifications
 
|7. Natural system modifications
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
 
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|9. Pollution
 
|9. Pollution
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|10. Education & Awareness  
 
|10. Education & Awareness  
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|11. Habitat Protection
 
|11. Habitat Protection
−
|
+
|11.2. Legally protect primate habitat
−
|
+
|The site has been a Biosphere Reserve since 1988.
−
|
+
|Ongoing (2021)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|12. Species Management
 
|12. Species Management
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives  
 
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives  
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
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[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
 
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
  
 +
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
  
−
 
+
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Dimonika Biosphere Reserve'''
−
= Impediments = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->
+
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
−
 
+
!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
−
 
+
!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
−
Description of impediments that may hamper conservation activities.
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
'''Table 5: Impediments reported for XXXX'''
 
−
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="impediments-table"
 
−
!align="left"|Impediment  <!-- Do not change categories -->
 
−
!Source   <!-- source for impediment mentioned -->
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Absence of management
−
|
+
|Pintea, Atencia & Cox 2013
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
−
 
−
 
  
 
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
 
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
−
 
−
 
−
Short description of past and ongoing research activities at the site.
 
−
 
  
 
===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
 
===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
  
−
'''Table 6: Ape behaviors reported for XXXX'''
+
'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Dimonika Biosphere Reserve'''
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
−
!align="left"|Behavior <!-- Do not change categories -->
+
!align="left"|Behavior
−
!Source   <!-- source for behavior -->
+
!Source
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
 +
=External links=
  
 
===Relevant datasets===
 
===Relevant datasets===
 
[http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal]
 
[http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal]
−
 
−
<br>
 
−
 
  
 
= References =
 
= References =
−
 
+
BirdLife International. (2021). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Dimonika Biosphere Reserve. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 14/10/2021.<br>
 +
Pintea, L., Atencia, R., & Cox, D. (2013). Gorillas in the Dimonika Biosphere Reserve. Gorilla Journal 46, 16-19. Online: https://www.berggorilla.org/en/gorillas/species/western-gorillas/articles-western-gorillas/gorillas-in-the-dimonika-biosphere-reserve/ <br>
  
 
<br>
 
<br>
−
'''Page completed by:'''XXXX '''   Date:''' DD/MM/YY  <br>
+
'''Page completed by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki team''' Date:''' 15/10/2021 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
−
 
 
−
<i>Please consider whether any information you would like to add is sensitive and could be misused to harm apes. Please do not add such information. If unsure, you can contact the Wiki manager (contact details on start page) for clarification.</i>
 
−
<br><br>
 

Latest revision as of 13:31, 15 October 2021

Central Africa > Republic of the Congo > Dimonika Biosphere Reserve

Summary[edit]

  • Central chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) and western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) are present in Dimonika Biosphere Reserve.
  • The gorilla population at the site has been estimated at 113 nest building individuals.
  • The great ape population trend is unknown.
  • The site has a total size of 1,360 km².
  • Key threats to great apes are hunting and gold mining.
  • Conservation activities at the site are not reported.
  • The site was declared a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 1988.

Site characteristics[edit]

The site is located in the central Mayombe mountain chain in the Republic of Congo, about 50 km from the Atlantic coast. It was declared a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 1988 (UNESCO). The reserve has a remarkable mountainous terrain dominated by lowland guineo-congolese rainforest and savanna patches. A total of 275 bird species have been recorded at Dimonika, including rare species, such as Bubo shelleyi. In addition to western lowland gorillas and chimpanzees, other species of conservation concern found at the site include forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis), African forest buffalo (Syncerus caffer nanus), and mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) (BirdLife International 2021). The southern edge of the reserve coincides with a road and part of a railway line that connect Brazzaville to Pointe-Noire, along which lie several large settlements. There is also a road that goes into the reserve to the villages of Dimonika and Makaba (BirdLife International 2021).

Table 1. Basic site information for Dimonika Biosphere Reserve

Area 1,360 km²
Coordinates -4.167361 S, 12.346388 E
Designation Biosphere Reserve
Habitat types Subtropical/tropical moist montane forest, savanna

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status[edit]

With support from the U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service's Great Ape Conservation Fund, in 2009 the Jane Goodall Institute (JGI), in partnership with the Ministère de l'Economie Fo­restière et de l'Environnement, was able to conduct biodiversity and socio-economic surveys in Dimonika Biosphere Reserve (Pintea, Atencia & Cox 2013). A JGI survey team conducted a series of initial reconnaissance walks within the reserve. A sampling plan was then designed using Distance software that identified 57 one-kilometer line transects. The field teams were able to collect data along 50 line transects with a total length of 44,590 km. Some inaccessible places on very steep slopes still remain quite intact with mature forest (Pintea, Atencia & Cox 2013). The survey confirmed the presence of a population of western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla), estimated at 113 nest building individuals. Some ape nests could not be identified to the species level and the number of those individuals (chimpanzees or gorillas) were estimated at 163. Furthermore, gorillas were among large mammal species – including chimpanzees, duikers and bush pigs – whose traces (footprints, droppings, tracks, crossings) were the most frequently encountered (Pintea, Atencia & Cox 2013).

Table 2. Ape population estimates in Dimonika Biosphere Reserve

Species Year Abundance estimate (95% CI) Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) Encounter rate (nests/km) Area Method Source Comments A.P.E.S. database ID
Gorilla gorilla gorilla 2009 113 Dimonika Biosphere Reserve Line transects (Distance) Pintea, Atencia & Cox 2013 113 nest building individals

Threats[edit]

Hunting and mining are the primary threats to great apes at the site (Pintea, Atencia & Cox 2013; BirdLife International 2021). During the 2009 wildlife inventory, hunting signs (animals slaughtered, cartridge cases, hunting trails, signs of passage) and mining signs were frequently observed (Pintea, Atencia & Cox 2013). The main activity in the villages adjacent to the site is hunting, as the villages are located on major roads and constantly have customers. Old logging roads going into the reserve still serve as a network of hunting trails (Pintea, Atencia & Cox 2013). In the village of Dimonika, the hamlets of Voula and Ndéguélé (former secondary mining areas), Vigoureux, and the village of Poung, artisanal gold mining is increasing (Pintea, Atencia & Cox 2013).

Table 3. Threats to apes in Dimonika Biosphere Reserve

Category Specific threats Threat level Quantified severity Description Year of threat
1. Residential & commercial development Unknown
2. Agriculture & aquaculture 2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops Present, but threat severity unknown Commercial and subsistence farming (Pintea, Atencia & Cox 2013). Ongoing (2013)
3. Energy production & mining 3.2 Mining & quarrying High Commercialized artisanal gold mining (Pintea, Atencia & Cox 2013). Ongoing (2013)
4. Transportation & service corridors Unknown
5. Biological resource use 5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals High Subsistence hunting as well as commercialized bushmeat trade. Hunting tracks starting from the village follow old, established logging tracks (Pintea, Atencia & Cox 2013). Ongoing (2013)
5.3 Logging & wood harvesting Low Old logging sites and tracks were often found during wildlife inventory (Pintea, Atencia & Cox 2013). Ongoing (2013)
6. Human intrusion & disturbance Unknown
7. Natural system modifications Unknown
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases Unknown
9. Pollution Unknown
10. Geological Events Absent
11. Climate change & severe weather Unknown
12. Other options Absent

IUCN Threats list

Conservation activities[edit]

Table 4. Conservation activities in Dimonika Biosphere Reserve

Category Specific activity Description Year of activity
1. Residential & commercial development Not reported
2. Agriculture & aquaculture Not reported
3. Energy production & mining Not reported
4. Transportation & service corridors Not reported
5. Biological resource use Not reported
6. Human intrusion & disturbance Not reported
7. Natural system modifications Not reported
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases Not reported
9. Pollution Not reported
10. Education & Awareness Not reported
11. Habitat Protection 11.2. Legally protect primate habitat The site has been a Biosphere Reserve since 1988. Ongoing (2021)
12. Species Management Not reported
13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives Not reported

Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)

Challenges[edit]

Table 5. Challenges reported for Dimonika Biosphere Reserve

Challenge Source
Absence of management Pintea, Atencia & Cox 2013

Research activities[edit]

Documented behaviours[edit]

Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Dimonika Biosphere Reserve

Behavior Source
Not reported

External links[edit]

Relevant datasets[edit]

A.P.E.S Portal

References[edit]

BirdLife International. (2021). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Dimonika Biosphere Reserve. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 14/10/2021.
Pintea, L., Atencia, R., & Cox, D. (2013). Gorillas in the Dimonika Biosphere Reserve. Gorilla Journal 46, 16-19. Online: https://www.berggorilla.org/en/gorillas/species/western-gorillas/articles-western-gorillas/gorillas-in-the-dimonika-biosphere-reserve/


Page completed by: A.P.E.S. Wiki team Date: 15/10/2021

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