Difference between revisions of "Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary"

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[[Asia]] > [[Thailand]] > [[Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary]]
  
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[[Region]] > [[Country]] > [[Site]]
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= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
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* Pileated gibbons (''Hylobates pileatus'') are present in Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary.
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= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->
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* The population size is unknown.
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* The gibbon population trend is unknown.
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* Ape taxa present  
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* The site has a total size of 1,079 km².
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* Ape population size
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* Key threats to gibbons are human encroachment and expansion of land for agriculture, leading to forest disturbance.
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* Ape population trend  
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* Conservation activities are not documented.
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* This site has a total size of XX km².
 
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* Key threats to apes are ...
 
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* Additional information
 
  
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= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
  
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= Site characteristics =
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Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary (KARN) is located in southeastern Thailand, adjacent to Khao Soi Dao Wildlife Sanctuary to the east (BirdLife International 2021). The site was established in 1977 and initially covered 108 sq. km; the sanctuary was then enlarged to 1,030 sq.km in 1992 and to 1,079 sq. km in 2001 (Phoonjampa et al. 2011). The climate of KARN is largely influenced by seasonal monsoons. The topography of KARN is characterized by lowlands and low hills divided by large streams (BirdLife International 2021). The site was designated as an Important Bird Area in 2004 (BirdLife International 2021). KARN has a wide diversity of bird species and also supports three globally near-threatened species: Siamese Fireback, Great Hornbill, and Moustached Hawk (BirdLife International 2021). It is also a wintering site for the globally threatened Silver Oriole, ''Oriolus mellianus''. In addition to pileated gibbons, other mammals species of conservation concern found at the site include Asian elephants, tigers, Asian golden cat, banteng, northern pig-tailed macaques, and fishing cats (BirdLife International 2021).
  
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'''Table 1. Basic site information for Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary'''
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This section includes a paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, a brief history of the site and on animals and plants that are known to occur at the site.
 
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'''Table 1: Basic site information for XXXX'''
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
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| Area             <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha   -->
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| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
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|
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|1,079 km²
 
|-
 
|-
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| Coordinates
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|Coordinates
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|
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|13.207217 N, 101.710734 E
 
|-
 
|-
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| Designation     <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc.  -->
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|Designation
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|Wildlife Sanctuary
 
|-
 
|-
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|Habitat types   <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (Without number), see link below -->
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|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
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|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, permanent rivers/streams/creeks
 
|}
 
|}
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[http://www.unitar.org/hiroshima/sites/unitar.org.hiroshima/files/Annex%201%20-%20IUCN%20Classification%20Schemes.pdf IUCN habitat categories]   [[Site designations]]
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[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
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<br>
 
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= Ape status =  <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
 
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= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
  
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This section includes a brief summary of the survey history, the most recent abundance estimate, date of the estimate, and, if available, the population trend (if explicitely stated in a report/paper).
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A 2011 study found that gibbon density was significantly different between areas with different logging/protection histories (Phoonjampa et al. 2011). In areas protected since 1977 density was almost three times higher than in the areas protected since 1992 (1.96 groups/km2 vs. 0.77 groups/km2 on average).
  
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'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary'''
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'''Table 2: Ape population estimates in XXXX'''
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
 
! Species
 
! Species
 
! Year
 
! Year
−
! Abundance estimate (95% confidence interval)
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! Total number indiv. (95% CI)
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! Density estimate (per km²)
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! Total number groups (95% CI)
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! Encounter rate (nests/km)
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! Density ​​[groups/km²​] (95% CI)
 
! Area
 
! Area
 
! Method
 
! Method
Line 72: Line 54:
 
! A.P.E.S. database ID
 
! A.P.E.S. database ID
 
|-
 
|-
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|''Hylobates pileatus''
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|2007-2008
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
|
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|1.61 (range 0–3.66)
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|Khao Ang Ru Nai Wildlife Sanctuary
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|
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|Fixed-point triangulation
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|Phoonjampa et al. 2011
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= Threats =    <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
 
= Threats =    <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
  
 +
Forest disturbance is known to have a significant impact on gibbons; forest areas with higher levels of disturbance (very patchy, more exotic tree plantations, and few emergent trees) had lower pileated gibbon density (Phoonjampa et al. 2011). The relatively low gibbon density in the wider landscape at the site is likely a result from past selective logging, clearance of forest and agricultural expansion, and human settlements (Phoonjampa et al. 2011).
  
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This sections describes threats at the site, particularly those relevant for apes and thereby provides context for the threats listed in the table below.
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'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary'''
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'''Table 3: Threats to apes in XXXX'''
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
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!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
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!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
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!Specific threats   <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
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!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
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!Threat level       <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: unknown, low, high -->
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!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
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!Quantified severity <!-- e.g., encounter rate, number of miners etc. (with reference)-->
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!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->
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!Description         <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
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!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
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!Year of threat     <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets-->
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!Year of threat <!-- Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
 
|-
 
|-
 
|1. Residential & commercial development
 
|1. Residential & commercial development
 
|
 
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|Unknown
 
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|-
 
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|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
 
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
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|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
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|Present, but threat severity unknown
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|
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|By 2004, approximately 5% of the site had been encroached by agriculture, mainly shifting cultivation (BirdLife International 2021).
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|
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|Agricultural encroachment (BirdLife International 2021).
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|Ongoing (2021)
 
|-
 
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|3. Energy production & mining
 
|3. Energy production & mining
 
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|Unknown
 
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|-
 
|-
 
|4. Transportation & service corridors
 
|4. Transportation & service corridors
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|4.1 Roads & railroads
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|Medium
 
|
 
|
−
|
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|Throughout most of the site, gibbons avoid areas closer to roads, likely due to easier access for hunters and higher forest disturbance (Phoonjampa et al. 2011).
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|
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|Ongoing (2011)
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|
 
−
|
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|5. Biological resource use
 
|5. Biological resource use
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|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
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|High
 
|
 
|
−
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|Lower gibbon densities in parts of the sanctuary that had been more recently logged (Phoonjampa et al. 2011).
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|Ongoing (2011)
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|
 
−
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|-
 
|-
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|6. Human intrusions & disturbance
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|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
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|Unknown
 
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|7. Natural system modifications
 
|7. Natural system modifications
 
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|Unknown
 
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|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
 
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
 
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|Unknown
 
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|9. Pollution
 
|9. Pollution
 
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|Unknown
 
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|10. Geological Events
 
|10. Geological Events
 
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|Absent
 
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|11. Climate change & severe weather
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| 11. Climate change & severe weather
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|Unknown
 
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|12. Other options
 
|12. Other options
 
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|Absent
 
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[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
 
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
  
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= Conservation activities =      <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
  
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'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary'''
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= Conservation activities =      <!-- a text overview of conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
 
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This sections describes conservation interventions implemented at the site, including information on which organizations are implementing them and thereby provides context for the conservation activities listed in the table below.
 
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'''Table 4: Conservation activities in XXXX'''
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
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!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
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!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
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!Specific activity   <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
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!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
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!Description         <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
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!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
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!Year of activity         <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets -->
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!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
 
|-
 
|-
 
|1. Residential & commercial development
 
|1. Residential & commercial development
−
|
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|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
 
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|3. Energy production & mining
 
|3. Energy production & mining
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|
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|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|4. Transportation & service corridors
 
|4. Transportation & service corridors
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|5. Biological resource use
 
|5. Biological resource use
−
|
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|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|6. Human intrusions & disturbance
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|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|7. Natural system modifications
 
|7. Natural system modifications
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
 
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|9. Pollution
 
|9. Pollution
−
|
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|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|10. Education & Awareness  
 
|10. Education & Awareness  
−
|
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|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|11. Habitat Protection
 
|11. Habitat Protection
−
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|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|12. Species Management
 
|12. Species Management
−
|
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|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives  
 
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives  
−
|
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|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
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[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
 
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
  
 +
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
  
−
 
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'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary'''
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= Impediments = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
−
 
+
!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
−
 
+
!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
−
Description of impediments that may hamper conservation activities.
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
'''Table 5: Impediments reported for XXXX'''
 
−
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="impediments-table"
 
−
!align="left"|Impediment  <!-- Do not change categories -->
 
−
!Source   <!-- source for impediment mentioned -->
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
−
 
−
 
  
 
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
 
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
−
 
−
 
−
Short description of past and ongoing research activities at the site.
 
  
  
 
===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
 
===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
  
−
'''Table 6: Ape behaviors reported for XXXX'''
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'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary'''
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
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!align="left"|Behavior <!-- Do not change categories -->
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!align="left"|Behavior
−
!Source   <!-- source for behavior -->
+
!Source
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
 +
=External links=
  
 
===Relevant datasets===
 
===Relevant datasets===
 
[http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal]
 
[http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal]
−
 
−
<br>
 
−
 
  
 
= References =
 
= References =
−
 
+
Phoonjampa, R., Koenig, A., Brockelman, W. Y., Borries, C., Gale, G. A., Carroll, J. P., & Savini, T. (2011). Pileated gibbon density in relation to habitat characteristics and post‐logging forest recovery. Biotropica, 43(5), 619-627.<br>
 +
BirdLife International (2021) Important Bird Areas factsheet: Khao Ang Ru Nai. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 20/12/2021. <br>
  
 
<br>
 
<br>
−
'''Page completed by:'''XXXX '''   Date:''' DD/MM/YY  <br>
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'''Page completed by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki team''' Date:''' 29/12/2021 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
−
 
 
−
<i>Please consider whether any information you would like to add is sensitive and could be misused to harm apes. Please do not add such information. If unsure, you can contact the Wiki manager (contact details on start page) for clarification.</i>
 
−
<br><br>
 

Latest revision as of 13:48, 29 December 2021

Asia > Thailand > Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary

Summary

  • Pileated gibbons (Hylobates pileatus) are present in Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary.
  • The population size is unknown.
  • The gibbon population trend is unknown.
  • The site has a total size of 1,079 km².
  • Key threats to gibbons are human encroachment and expansion of land for agriculture, leading to forest disturbance.
  • Conservation activities are not documented.

Site characteristics

Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary (KARN) is located in southeastern Thailand, adjacent to Khao Soi Dao Wildlife Sanctuary to the east (BirdLife International 2021). The site was established in 1977 and initially covered 108 sq. km; the sanctuary was then enlarged to 1,030 sq.km in 1992 and to 1,079 sq. km in 2001 (Phoonjampa et al. 2011). The climate of KARN is largely influenced by seasonal monsoons. The topography of KARN is characterized by lowlands and low hills divided by large streams (BirdLife International 2021). The site was designated as an Important Bird Area in 2004 (BirdLife International 2021). KARN has a wide diversity of bird species and also supports three globally near-threatened species: Siamese Fireback, Great Hornbill, and Moustached Hawk (BirdLife International 2021). It is also a wintering site for the globally threatened Silver Oriole, Oriolus mellianus. In addition to pileated gibbons, other mammals species of conservation concern found at the site include Asian elephants, tigers, Asian golden cat, banteng, northern pig-tailed macaques, and fishing cats (BirdLife International 2021).

Table 1. Basic site information for Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary

Area 1,079 km²
Coordinates 13.207217 N, 101.710734 E
Designation Wildlife Sanctuary
Habitat types Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, permanent rivers/streams/creeks

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status

A 2011 study found that gibbon density was significantly different between areas with different logging/protection histories (Phoonjampa et al. 2011). In areas protected since 1977 density was almost three times higher than in the areas protected since 1992 (1.96 groups/km2 vs. 0.77 groups/km2 on average).

Table 2. Ape population estimates in Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary

Species Year Total number indiv. (95% CI) Total number groups (95% CI) Density ​​[groups/km²​] (95% CI) Area Method Source Comments A.P.E.S. database ID
Hylobates pileatus 2007-2008 1.61 (range 0–3.66) Khao Ang Ru Nai Wildlife Sanctuary Fixed-point triangulation Phoonjampa et al. 2011

Threats

Forest disturbance is known to have a significant impact on gibbons; forest areas with higher levels of disturbance (very patchy, more exotic tree plantations, and few emergent trees) had lower pileated gibbon density (Phoonjampa et al. 2011). The relatively low gibbon density in the wider landscape at the site is likely a result from past selective logging, clearance of forest and agricultural expansion, and human settlements (Phoonjampa et al. 2011).

Table 3. Threats to apes in Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary

Category Specific threats Threat level Quantified severity Description Year of threat
1. Residential & commercial development Unknown
2. Agriculture & aquaculture 2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops Present, but threat severity unknown By 2004, approximately 5% of the site had been encroached by agriculture, mainly shifting cultivation (BirdLife International 2021). Agricultural encroachment (BirdLife International 2021). Ongoing (2021)
3. Energy production & mining Unknown
4. Transportation & service corridors 4.1 Roads & railroads Medium Throughout most of the site, gibbons avoid areas closer to roads, likely due to easier access for hunters and higher forest disturbance (Phoonjampa et al. 2011). Ongoing (2011)
5. Biological resource use 5.3 Logging & wood harvesting High Lower gibbon densities in parts of the sanctuary that had been more recently logged (Phoonjampa et al. 2011). Ongoing (2011)
6. Human intrusion & disturbance Unknown
7. Natural system modifications Unknown
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases Unknown
9. Pollution Unknown
10. Geological Events Absent
11. Climate change & severe weather Unknown
12. Other options Absent

IUCN Threats list

Conservation activities

Table 4. Conservation activities in Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary

Category Specific activity Description Year of activity
1. Residential & commercial development Not reported
2. Agriculture & aquaculture Not reported
3. Energy production & mining Not reported
4. Transportation & service corridors Not reported
5. Biological resource use Not reported
6. Human intrusion & disturbance Not reported
7. Natural system modifications Not reported
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases Not reported
9. Pollution Not reported
10. Education & Awareness Not reported
11. Habitat Protection Not reported
12. Species Management Not reported
13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives Not reported

Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)

Challenges

Table 5. Challenges reported for Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary

Challenge Source
Not reported

Research activities

Documented behaviours

Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary

Behavior Source
Not reported

External links

Relevant datasets

A.P.E.S Portal

References

Phoonjampa, R., Koenig, A., Brockelman, W. Y., Borries, C., Gale, G. A., Carroll, J. P., & Savini, T. (2011). Pileated gibbon density in relation to habitat characteristics and post‐logging forest recovery. Biotropica, 43(5), 619-627.
BirdLife International (2021) Important Bird Areas factsheet: Khao Ang Ru Nai. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 20/12/2021.


Page completed by: A.P.E.S. Wiki team Date: 29/12/2021

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