Difference between revisions of "Lagoas de Cufada Natural Park"

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   3) Keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. A link to the keyword list page is found adjacent  
 
   3) Keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. A link to the keyword list page is found adjacent  
 
     to the relevant table or keyword list. This ensures that the same keyword always refers to the same concept, e.g. Everybody uses "Industrial mining",  
 
     to the relevant table or keyword list. This ensures that the same keyword always refers to the same concept, e.g. Everybody uses "Industrial mining",  
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     rather than several keywords such as "Industrial mining", "Large-scale mining", and "Mining".  
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     rather than several keywords such as "Industrial mining", "Large-scale mining", and "Mining". [[File: Map_GNB_LagoasDeCufada.png | 400px | thumb| right | Lagoas de Cufada Natural Park (Guinea-Bissau) © A.P.E.S. Wiki Team]]
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-->
 
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<!-- Please add information for this site -->
 
<!-- Please add information for this site -->
 
[[West Africa]] > [[Guinea-Bissau]] > [[Lagoas de Cufada Natural Park]]
 
[[West Africa]] > [[Guinea-Bissau]] > [[Lagoas de Cufada Natural Park]]
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[[File: Map_GNB_LagoasDeCufada.png | 400px | thumb| right | Lagoas de Cufada Natural Park (Guinea-Bissau) © A.P.E.S. Wiki Team]]
 
  
 
= Summary =  <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->
 
= Summary =  <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->
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<div style="float: right">
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* Western chimpanzees ([https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15935/17989872 ''Pan troglodytes verus'']) are present in Lagoas de Cufada Natural Park.  
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{{#display_map: height=200px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap
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|11.70, -15.04~[[Lagoas de Cufada Natural Park]]~Western Chimpanzee
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}}
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</div>
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* Western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus'') are present in Lagoas de Cufada Natural Park.  
 
* It has been estimated that between 137 and 311 individuals occur at the site.  
 
* It has been estimated that between 137 and 311 individuals occur at the site.  
 
* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.  
 
* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.  
 
* This site has a total size of 890 km².  
 
* This site has a total size of 890 km².  
 
* Key threats to chimpanzees are disturbance through human activities.  
 
* Key threats to chimpanzees are disturbance through human activities.  
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* The following conservation activities were conducted by the ”Instituto da Biodiversidade e das Areas Protegidas (IBAP)”: Livelihood improvement and awareness raising.
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* Conservation activities conducted by the ”Instituto da Biodiversidade e das Areas Protegidas (IBAP)” include livelihood improvement and awareness raising.
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= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
 
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
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Lagoas de Cufada Natural Park [LCNP (11.70 N, -15.04 W)] was created in December 2000 in the region of Quinara, in southern Guinea-Bissau and is managed by the governmental organization “Institute for Biodiversity and Protected Areas (IBAP)”. LCNP is a Ramsar site and covers an area of 890 km 2 (including water areas) (Sousa C. et al. 2005). The average annual temperature is 26°C and the average annual rainfall 200 mm. The rain season reaches from June to October/ November (Catarino L. 2002). Consisting of three lakes (Biorna, Bedasse and Cufada itself), this park holds the country’s largest freshwater reserve, an important detail for the existence of several rare types of animals and plants. Overall, 33 villages are found in the park, inhabited by 3,534 people of different ethnic groups (Beafada (77.4%), Balanta (8.7%), Fula (3.6%), Manjaco (3.6%), Pepel (2.6%) and Bijagó, Mandiga and Mancanha (4.1%)) (Imbali F. 1997, IBAP. 2007, Carvalho, Marques, & Vicente 2013). The villagers’ livelihoods rely extensively on natural resources for their survival. Subsistence farming, and bushmeat hunting is common (Carvalho, Marques, & Vicente 2013). Chimpanzees are not hunted because of the similarity to humans (Amador et al. 2015).
 
Lagoas de Cufada Natural Park [LCNP (11.70 N, -15.04 W)] was created in December 2000 in the region of Quinara, in southern Guinea-Bissau and is managed by the governmental organization “Institute for Biodiversity and Protected Areas (IBAP)”. LCNP is a Ramsar site and covers an area of 890 km 2 (including water areas) (Sousa C. et al. 2005). The average annual temperature is 26°C and the average annual rainfall 200 mm. The rain season reaches from June to October/ November (Catarino L. 2002). Consisting of three lakes (Biorna, Bedasse and Cufada itself), this park holds the country’s largest freshwater reserve, an important detail for the existence of several rare types of animals and plants. Overall, 33 villages are found in the park, inhabited by 3,534 people of different ethnic groups (Beafada (77.4%), Balanta (8.7%), Fula (3.6%), Manjaco (3.6%), Pepel (2.6%) and Bijagó, Mandiga and Mancanha (4.1%)) (Imbali F. 1997, IBAP. 2007, Carvalho, Marques, & Vicente 2013). The villagers’ livelihoods rely extensively on natural resources for their survival. Subsistence farming, and bushmeat hunting is common (Carvalho, Marques, & Vicente 2013). Chimpanzees are not hunted because of the similarity to humans (Amador et al. 2015).
  
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'''Table 1. Basic site information for Lagoas de Cufada Natural Park'''
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'''Table 1: Basic site information for Lagoas de Cufada Natural Park'''
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
 
|Area            <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha    -->
 
|Area            <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha    -->
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|-
 
|-
 
|Coordinates
 
|Coordinates
−
|11.70 N, 15.04 W
+
|11.70, -15.04
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Designation      <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc.  -->
 
|Designation      <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc.  -->
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|Subtropical/Tropical Swamp, Forest, Moist Savanna, Permanent Freshwater, Marshes/Pools
 
|Subtropical/Tropical Swamp, Forest, Moist Savanna, Permanent Freshwater, Marshes/Pools
 
|}
 
|}
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[http://www.unitar.org/hiroshima/sites/unitar.org.hiroshima/files/Annex%201%20-%20IUCN%20Classification%20Schemes.pdf IUCN habitat categories]  [[Site designations]]
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[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories]  [[Site designations]]
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<br>
 
  
 
= Ape status =  <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
 
= Ape status =  <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
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The Lagoas de Cufada Natural Park is delimited by two main rivers, the Corubal in the north and the Buba River in the south, which limits the chimpanzee distribution north and south of the protected area. Estimates for the chimpanzee population ranges from 137 individuals (Carvalho, Marques, & Vicente 2013) to 311 individuals (Carvalho, Marques, & Vicente 2013). The population trend is unknown. Nest decay rate was estimated to be 293.9 days (%CV = 58.80).
 
The Lagoas de Cufada Natural Park is delimited by two main rivers, the Corubal in the north and the Buba River in the south, which limits the chimpanzee distribution north and south of the protected area. Estimates for the chimpanzee population ranges from 137 individuals (Carvalho, Marques, & Vicente 2013) to 311 individuals (Carvalho, Marques, & Vicente 2013). The population trend is unknown. Nest decay rate was estimated to be 293.9 days (%CV = 58.80).
  
−
 
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'''Table 2. Great ape population estimates in Lagoas de Cufada Natural Park'''
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'''Table 2: Great ape population estimates in Lagoas de Cufada Natural Park'''
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
 
! Species
 
! Species
 
! Year
 
! Year
−
! Abundance estimate (95% confidence interval)
+
! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
−
! Density estimate (per km²)
+
! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
 
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
 
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
 
! Area
 
! Area
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= Threats =    <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
 
= Threats =    <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
  
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Most of the roads and settlements in LCNP are surrounded by extensive cashew monocultures, which reduces the availability of nesting trees for chimpanzees. Chimpanzees sometimes split branches while crop-raiding, when trying to reach the fruit, leading to irreversible damages of trees and often resulting in chimpanzee-human conflict (Carvalho et al. 2013). During cashew harvesting (March to late June), the number of people inside the park, as well as road traffic, usually increases and the temporary harvest workers show little awareness with respect to the conservation of park biodiversity (Carvalho et al. 2013). Hunting is allowed during the dry season (November until April) but forbidden during the rainy season, usually the reproductive periods (May until October). Chimpanzees and other non- human primates cannot be legally hunted and the trade in bushmeat is illegal at all times (Amador et al. 2015). However hunting for the trade and of primates happens inside the Park as a source of vital income and meat is traded in and outside the park, often to cities as Bissau, where wild meat, particularly big monkeys as baboons, can be sold at higher prices. The bushmeat trade takes place along the main roads or by boat, with Bissau as the primary destination. Although people from the Beafada ethnic do not eat bush pigs or monkeys due to religious restrictions (Muslims), they still hunt these animals for sale to others (Amador et al. 2015). Even though commercial hunting constitutes a threat to the primate populations, chimpanzees are usually not targeted or sold because of the similarity to humans (Amador et al. 2015). One third of the area of LCNP has been destroyed since 2003 for construction of a harbour for bauxite transport. This has also eroded local population’s respect for the NP’s integrity (IUCN & Chimbo 2016).
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Most of the roads and settlements in LCNP are surrounded by extensive cashew monocultures, which reduces the availability of nesting trees for chimpanzees. Chimpanzees sometimes split branches while crop-raiding, when trying to reach the fruit, leading to irreversible damages of trees and often resulting in chimpanzee-human conflict (Carvalho et al. 2013). During cashew harvesting (March to late June), the number of people inside the park, as well as road traffic, usually increases and the temporary harvest workers show little awareness with respect to the conservation of park biodiversity (Carvalho et al. 2013). Hunting is allowed during the dry season (November until April) but forbidden during the rainy season, usually the reproductive periods (May until October). Chimpanzees and other non- human primates cannot be legally hunted and the trade in bushmeat is illegal at all times (Amador et al. 2015). However hunting for the trade and of primates happens inside the Park as a source of vital income and meat is traded in and outside the park, often to cities as Bissau, where wild meat, particularly big monkeys as baboons, can be sold at higher prices (Quecuta pers. Comm. 2023). The bushmeat trade takes place along the main roads or by boat, with Bissau as the primary destination. Although people from the Beafada ethnic do not eat bush pigs or monkeys due to religious restrictions (Muslims), they still hunt these animals for sale to others (Amador et al. 2015). Even though commercial hunting constitutes a threat to the primate populations, chimpanzees are usually not targeted or sold because of the similarity to humans (Amador et al. 2015). One third of the area of LCNP has been destroyed since 2003 for construction of a harbour for bauxite transport. This has also eroded local population’s respect for the NP’s integrity (IUCN & Chimbo 2016).
−
 
 
  
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'''Table 3: Threats to great apes in Lagoas de Cufada Natural Park'''
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'''Table 3. Threats to great apes in Lagoas de Cufada Natural Park'''
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
 
!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
 
!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
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|-
 
|-
 
|1. Residential & commercial development
 
|1. Residential & commercial development
−
|1.1 Housing & Urban Areas
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|1.1 Housing & urban areas
 
|Low
 
|Low
 
|3534 people in 33 rural villages
 
|3534 people in 33 rural villages
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|-
 
|-
 
|3. Energy production & mining
 
|3. Energy production & mining
−
|3.2 Mining & Quarrying
+
|3.2 Mining & quarrying
 
|Present
 
|Present
 
|One third of the  area has been destroyed for construction of a harbor for bauxite transport (IUCN & Chimbo 2016)
 
|One third of the  area has been destroyed for construction of a harbor for bauxite transport (IUCN & Chimbo 2016)
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|-
 
|-
 
|4. Transportation & service corridors
 
|4. Transportation & service corridors
−
|4.1 Roads & Railroads
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|4.1 Roads & railroads
 
|Low
 
|Low
 
|
 
|
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|-
 
|-
 
|5. Biological resource use
 
|5. Biological resource use
−
|5.1 Hunting & Collecting Terrestrial Animals
+
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
 
|Low
 
|Low
 
|
 
|
−
|Even a commercial bushmeat trade exists; chimpanzees are usually not targeted because of similarities to humans (Amador et al. 2015).
+
|Even a commercial bushmeat trade exists; chimpanzees are usually not targeted because of similarities to humans (Amador et al. 2015, Quecuta pers. comm. 2023).
−
|Ongoing (2015)
+
|Ongoing (2023)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|
 
|
−
|5.2 Gathering Terrestrial Plants
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|5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants
 
|Low
 
|Low
 
|
 
|
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The LCNP attempts to protect biodiversity and simultaneously provide for peoples’ livelihood and development needs (Catarina Casanova, 2015). The Park management provided livelihood related incentives, such as health infrastructures, boreholes, improvement of schools before the LCNP implementation, incentives for the raising and consumption of domestic animals and honey bee production (Amador et al. 2015). Educational approaches, such as engaging local people in pro-conservation behaviours, as well as value and attitude change through environmental education are implemented by Park Guards (Amador et al. 2015). In Long-term population monitoring in LCNP, an important refuge for coastal populations of the western chimpanzee, would be highly desirable and may be achieved by investing in local training and capacity building (Carvalho et al. 2013).
 
The LCNP attempts to protect biodiversity and simultaneously provide for peoples’ livelihood and development needs (Catarina Casanova, 2015). The Park management provided livelihood related incentives, such as health infrastructures, boreholes, improvement of schools before the LCNP implementation, incentives for the raising and consumption of domestic animals and honey bee production (Amador et al. 2015). Educational approaches, such as engaging local people in pro-conservation behaviours, as well as value and attitude change through environmental education are implemented by Park Guards (Amador et al. 2015). In Long-term population monitoring in LCNP, an important refuge for coastal populations of the western chimpanzee, would be highly desirable and may be achieved by investing in local training and capacity building (Carvalho et al. 2013).
  
−
 
+
'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Lagoas de Cufada Natural Park'''
−
'''Table 4: Conservation activities in Lagoas de Cufada Natural Park'''
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
 
!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
 
!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
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|10. Education & Awareness  
 
|10. Education & Awareness  
 
|10.1. Educate local communities about primates and sustainable use
 
|10.1. Educate local communities about primates and sustainable use
−
|Amador et al. 2015
+
|Amador et al. 2015, Quecuta pers. comm. (2023)
−
|Ongoing (2015)
+
|Ongoing (2023)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|11. Habitat Protection
 
|11. Habitat Protection
 
|11.2. Legally protect primate habitat
 
|11.2. Legally protect primate habitat
−
|Designated as natural park since 2000 (UNEP-WCMC & IUCN 2019)
+
|Designated as natural park in 2000 (UNEP-WCMC & IUCN 2019)
−
|Since 2000
+
|Ongoing (2023)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|12. Species Management
 
|12. Species Management
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[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
 
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
  
−
 
+
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->
−
= Impediments = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->
 
  
 
The LCNP is managed by a governmental organization, the “Instituto da Biodiversidade e das Areas Protegidas (IBAP)”. IBAP faces severe funding and personnel limitations despite multiple threats to the park’s integrity (Carvalho et al. 2013).
 
The LCNP is managed by a governmental organization, the “Instituto da Biodiversidade e das Areas Protegidas (IBAP)”. IBAP faces severe funding and personnel limitations despite multiple threats to the park’s integrity (Carvalho et al. 2013).
  
−
 
+
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Lagoas de Cufada Natural Park'''
−
'''Table 5: Impediments reported for Lagoas de Cufada Natural Park'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
−
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="impediments-table"
+
!align="left"|Challenges <!-- Do not change categories -->
−
!align="left"|Impediment <!-- Do not change categories -->
 
 
!Source  <!-- source for impediment mentioned -->
 
!Source  <!-- source for impediment mentioned -->
 
|-
 
|-
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= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
 
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
−
 
  
  
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−
'''Table 6: Great ape behaviors reported for Lagoas de Cufada Natural Park'''
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'''Table 6. Great ape behaviors reported for Lagoas de Cufada Natural Park'''
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
 
!align="left"|Behavior  <!-- Do not change categories -->
 
!align="left"|Behavior  <!-- Do not change categories -->
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|}
 
|}
  
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−
===Relevant datasets===
 
−
[http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal]
 
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<br>
 
  
 
= References =
 
= References =
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<br>
 
<br>
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'''Page completed by:''' A.P.E.S. Wiki Team '''Date:''' 07/09/2019 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->br><br>
+
'''Page completed by:''' A.P.E.S. Wiki Team & Queba Quecuta '''Date:''' 12/07/2023 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->br><br>

Latest revision as of 13:52, 30 July 2023

West Africa > Guinea-Bissau > Lagoas de Cufada Natural Park

Summary

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  • Western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) are present in Lagoas de Cufada Natural Park.
  • It has been estimated that between 137 and 311 individuals occur at the site.
  • The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
  • This site has a total size of 890 km².
  • Key threats to chimpanzees are disturbance through human activities.
  • Conservation activities conducted by the ”Instituto da Biodiversidade e das Areas Protegidas (IBAP)” include livelihood improvement and awareness raising.

Site characteristics

Lagoas de Cufada Natural Park [LCNP (11.70 N, -15.04 W)] was created in December 2000 in the region of Quinara, in southern Guinea-Bissau and is managed by the governmental organization “Institute for Biodiversity and Protected Areas (IBAP)”. LCNP is a Ramsar site and covers an area of 890 km 2 (including water areas) (Sousa C. et al. 2005). The average annual temperature is 26°C and the average annual rainfall 200 mm. The rain season reaches from June to October/ November (Catarino L. 2002). Consisting of three lakes (Biorna, Bedasse and Cufada itself), this park holds the country’s largest freshwater reserve, an important detail for the existence of several rare types of animals and plants. Overall, 33 villages are found in the park, inhabited by 3,534 people of different ethnic groups (Beafada (77.4%), Balanta (8.7%), Fula (3.6%), Manjaco (3.6%), Pepel (2.6%) and Bijagó, Mandiga and Mancanha (4.1%)) (Imbali F. 1997, IBAP. 2007, Carvalho, Marques, & Vicente 2013). The villagers’ livelihoods rely extensively on natural resources for their survival. Subsistence farming, and bushmeat hunting is common (Carvalho, Marques, & Vicente 2013). Chimpanzees are not hunted because of the similarity to humans (Amador et al. 2015).

Table 1. Basic site information for Lagoas de Cufada Natural Park

Area 890 km²
Coordinates 11.70, -15.04
Designation Natural Park
Habitat types Subtropical/Tropical Swamp, Forest, Moist Savanna, Permanent Freshwater, Marshes/Pools

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status

The Lagoas de Cufada Natural Park is delimited by two main rivers, the Corubal in the north and the Buba River in the south, which limits the chimpanzee distribution north and south of the protected area. Estimates for the chimpanzee population ranges from 137 individuals (Carvalho, Marques, & Vicente 2013) to 311 individuals (Carvalho, Marques, & Vicente 2013). The population trend is unknown. Nest decay rate was estimated to be 293.9 days (%CV = 58.80).

Table 2. Great ape population estimates in Lagoas de Cufada Natural Park

Species Year Abundance estimate (95% CI) Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) Encounter rate (nests/km) Area Method Source Comments A.P.E.S. database ID
Pan troglodytes verus 2007 281 0.75 (0.27-1.67) Unknown Sousa 2008
Pan troglodytes verus 2010 311 0.50 (0.18–1.39) weaned individuals Lagoas de Cufada Natural Park Line transects (Distance) Carvalho et al. 2013 Total survey effort: 235.2 km
Pan troglodytes verus 2011 137 0.22 (0.08–0.63) weaned individuals Lagoas de Cufada Natural Park Line transects (Distance) Carvalho et al. 2013 Total survey effort: 67.2 km

Threats

Most of the roads and settlements in LCNP are surrounded by extensive cashew monocultures, which reduces the availability of nesting trees for chimpanzees. Chimpanzees sometimes split branches while crop-raiding, when trying to reach the fruit, leading to irreversible damages of trees and often resulting in chimpanzee-human conflict (Carvalho et al. 2013). During cashew harvesting (March to late June), the number of people inside the park, as well as road traffic, usually increases and the temporary harvest workers show little awareness with respect to the conservation of park biodiversity (Carvalho et al. 2013). Hunting is allowed during the dry season (November until April) but forbidden during the rainy season, usually the reproductive periods (May until October). Chimpanzees and other non- human primates cannot be legally hunted and the trade in bushmeat is illegal at all times (Amador et al. 2015). However hunting for the trade and of primates happens inside the Park as a source of vital income and meat is traded in and outside the park, often to cities as Bissau, where wild meat, particularly big monkeys as baboons, can be sold at higher prices (Quecuta pers. Comm. 2023). The bushmeat trade takes place along the main roads or by boat, with Bissau as the primary destination. Although people from the Beafada ethnic do not eat bush pigs or monkeys due to religious restrictions (Muslims), they still hunt these animals for sale to others (Amador et al. 2015). Even though commercial hunting constitutes a threat to the primate populations, chimpanzees are usually not targeted or sold because of the similarity to humans (Amador et al. 2015). One third of the area of LCNP has been destroyed since 2003 for construction of a harbour for bauxite transport. This has also eroded local population’s respect for the NP’s integrity (IUCN & Chimbo 2016).

Table 3. Threats to great apes in Lagoas de Cufada Natural Park

Category Specific threats Threat level Quantified severity Description Year of threat
1. Residential & commercial development 1.1 Housing & urban areas Low 3534 people in 33 rural villages Around 3534 people in 33 rural villages live in the park and heavily dependent on natural resources (Amador et al. 2015) Ongoing (2015)
2. Agriculture & aquaculture Not reported
3. Energy production & mining 3.2 Mining & quarrying Present One third of the area has been destroyed for construction of a harbor for bauxite transport (IUCN & Chimbo 2016) Ongoing (2016)
4. Transportation & service corridors 4.1 Roads & railroads Low Roads used during cashew harvest (Carvalho et al. 2013) Ongoing (2013)
5. Biological resource use 5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals Low Even a commercial bushmeat trade exists; chimpanzees are usually not targeted because of similarities to humans (Amador et al. 2015, Quecuta pers. comm. 2023). Ongoing (2023)
5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants Low During cashew harvest (Carvalho et al. 2013) Ongoing (2013)
6. Human intrusions & disturbance Absent
7. Natural system modifications Absent
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases Unknown
9. Pollution Unknown
10. Geological Events Absent
11. Climate change & severe weather Unknown
12. Other options Absent

IUCN Threats list

Conservation activities

The LCNP attempts to protect biodiversity and simultaneously provide for peoples’ livelihood and development needs (Catarina Casanova, 2015). The Park management provided livelihood related incentives, such as health infrastructures, boreholes, improvement of schools before the LCNP implementation, incentives for the raising and consumption of domestic animals and honey bee production (Amador et al. 2015). Educational approaches, such as engaging local people in pro-conservation behaviours, as well as value and attitude change through environmental education are implemented by Park Guards (Amador et al. 2015). In Long-term population monitoring in LCNP, an important refuge for coastal populations of the western chimpanzee, would be highly desirable and may be achieved by investing in local training and capacity building (Carvalho et al. 2013).

Table 4. Conservation activities in Lagoas de Cufada Natural Park

Category Specific activity Description Year of activity
1. Residential & commercial development Not reported
2. Agriculture & aquaculture Not reported
3. Energy production & mining Not reported
4. Transportation & service corridors Not reported
5. Biological resource use 5.1. Implement no-hunting seasons for primates Amador et al. 2015 Ongoing (2015)
5.6. Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols Not as regular (Amador et al. 2015) Ongoing (2015)
6. Human intrusions & disturbance Not reported
7. Natural system modifications Not reported
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases Not reported
9. Pollution Not reported
10. Education & Awareness 10.1. Educate local communities about primates and sustainable use Amador et al. 2015, Quecuta pers. comm. (2023) Ongoing (2023)
11. Habitat Protection 11.2. Legally protect primate habitat Designated as natural park in 2000 (UNEP-WCMC & IUCN 2019) Ongoing (2023)
12. Species Management Not reported
13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives 13.2. Provide non-monetary benefits to local communities for sustainably managing their forest and its wildlife (e.g. better education, infrastructure development) Amador et al. 2015 Ongoing (2015)

Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)

Challenges

The LCNP is managed by a governmental organization, the “Instituto da Biodiversidade e das Areas Protegidas (IBAP)”. IBAP faces severe funding and personnel limitations despite multiple threats to the park’s integrity (Carvalho et al. 2013).

Table 5. Challenges reported for Lagoas de Cufada Natural Park

Challenges Source
Lack of financial means Carvalho et al. 2013
Lack of human resources Carvalho et al. 2013

Research activities

Documented behaviours

Table 6. Great ape behaviors reported for Lagoas de Cufada Natural Park

Behavior Source
Not reported


References

Amador R et al. 2015. Ethnicity and Perceptions of Bushmeat Hunting Inside Lagoas de Cufada Natural Park (LCNP), Guinea-Bissau. Journal of Primatology, 03(02). https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-6801.1000121
Catarino L, Martins ES, Diniz MA. 2002. Vegetation structure and ecology of the Cufada Lagoon (Guinea-Bissau) African Journal of Ecology. 40: 252–299.
Carvalho, J. S., Marques, T. A., & Vicente, L. 2013. Population Status of Pan troglodytes verus in Lagoas de Cufada Natural Park, Guinea-Bissau. PLoS ONE, 8(8), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0071527
IBAP 2007. Estratégia Nacional para as Áreas Protegidas e a Conservação da Biodiversidade na Guiné-Bissau 2007-2011, Instituto da Biodiversidade e das Áreas Protegidas, Bissau, República da Guiné- Bissau.47.
Imbali F 1997. Estudo do Impacto Sócio-Económico da Criação do Parque das lagoas de Cufada sobre as Populações Residentes, MTAA/ INEP, Bissau, República da Guiné-Bissau.
Sousa C, Gippoliti S, Akhlas M. 2005. Republic of Guinea-Bissau. In: Caldecott J, Miles L, World Atlas of Great Apes and Their Conservation. UNEP World Conservation: University of California Press, Berkeley, USA. 362–365.
Sousa J. 2008. Densidade de Pan troglodytes verus (Chimpanzé da África Ocidental) no Parque Natural das Lagoas de Cufada, República da Guiné-Bissau. Lisbon: Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa. 55 p.
UNEP-WCMC, IUCN. 2019. Protected Planet: The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA), Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN Online: www.protectedplanet.net



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