Difference between revisions of "Korup National Park"

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[[Central Africa]] > [[Cameroon]] > [[Korup National Park]]
  
 +
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
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* Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes ellioti'') are present in Korup National Park.
 +
* It has been estimated that 167 (CI: 91-305) individuals occur in the site.
 +
* The chimpanzee population trend is decreasing.
 +
* The site has a total size of 1,260 km².
 +
* Hunting is the main threat to chimpanzees.
 +
* Conservation activities have focused on wildlife research and livelihood improvement initiatives.
 +
 +
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
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 +
Korup National Park is located in western Cameroon, bordering Cross River National Park in southeast Nigeria (BirdLife International 2021). The site was established as a forest reserve in 1962 and upgraded to a national park in 1986 (Morgan et al. 2011, BirdLife International 2021). Altitudes range from just above sea-level to over 1,000 m but the terrain is generally flat, with hills and escarpments found only in the northern section of the park; the highest peak (Mount Ekundukundu) is situated in the centre of the park (BirdLife International 2021). The forests of Korup are floristically diverse and the annual average rainfall is approximately 5,460 mm. The diversity of birds is relatively well known, with some 320 species recorded in and on the margins of the site, including a large number of species of the Guinea–Congo Forests biome (BirdLife International 2021). Mammals of conservation concern found at the site include mandrills (''Mandrillus leucophaeus''), Preuss's monkey (''Cercopithecus preussi''), and forest elephant (''Loxodonta cyclotis''). The occurrence of Preuss's red colobus, ''Procolobus (badius) preussi'', is of special importance (Morgan et al. 2011, BirdLife International. 2021).
 +
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'''Table 1. Basic site information for Korup National Park'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
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| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
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|1,260 km²
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|-
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|Coordinates
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|5.354790 N, 8.977458 E
 +
|-
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|Designation
 +
|National Park
 +
|-
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|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
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|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest
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|}
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[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
 +
 +
= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
 +
 +
Two surveys were conducted in logged and unlogged sites in the Korup Project Area, which consists of the Korup National Park and the surrounding Support Zone (5,357 sq.km), where two logging concessions had been active between 1996-1998 (Waltert et al. 2002). The results of the survey showed that between 1999-2000 and 2000-2001, chimpanzee (as well as other primate) density decreased in the logged sites (Waltert et al. 2002).
 +
 +
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Korup National Park'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
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! Species
 +
! Year
 +
! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
 +
! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
 +
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
 +
! Area
 +
! Method
 +
! Source
 +
! Comments
 +
! A.P.E.S. database ID
 +
|-
 +
|''Pan troglodytes ellioti''
 +
|1999-2000
 +
|
 +
|0.55 (0.05–6.00)
 +
|0.14 (0.00–82)
 +
|Korup Project Area, logged sites
 +
|Line transects (Distance)
 +
|Waltert et al. 2002
 +
|Survey effort 96 km
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|''Pan troglodytes ellioti''
 +
|2000-2001
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|0.09 (0.02–0.34)
 +
|Korup Project Area, logged sites
 +
|Line transects (Distance)
 +
|Waltert et al. 2002
 +
|Survey effort 56 km
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|''Pan troglodytes ellioti''
 +
|2000-2001
 +
|
 +
|0.16 (0.02–1.21)
 +
|0.08 (0.01–0.63)
 +
|Korup Project Area, unlogged sites
 +
|Line transects (Distance)
 +
|Waltert et al. 2002
 +
|Survey effort 86 km
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|''Pan troglodytes ellioti''
 +
|2007-2010
 +
|167 (91-305)
 +
|0.13 (0.07-0.24)
 +
|
 +
|Korup National Park
 +
|Line transects (Distance)
 +
|Waltert 2012 as cited by Kupsch et al. 2014
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|''Pan troglodytes ellioti''
 +
|2016
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|Present
 +
|Korup National Park
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|Line transects (Distance)
 +
|Hofner et al. 2020
 +
|Acoustic and visual encounters.
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|
 +
|}
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 +
= Threats =    <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
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 +
Hunting is a major threat to chimpanzees and other mammals in Korup National Park (Morgan et al. 2011, Hofner et al. 2020). Pressure on the park's wildlife is high due to the dependence of local on bushmeat, and the demand for bushmeat in neighbouring Nigeria (Diotoh n.d.). In addition, 70,000 ha of the park's bufffer zone, which were once traditional hunting grounds, have been converted into oil palm plantations (Diotoh n.d.).
 +
 +
'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Korup National Park'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
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!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
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!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
 +
!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
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!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->
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!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
 +
!Year of threat <!--  Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
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|-
 +
|1. Residential & commercial development
 +
|
 +
|Unknown
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
 +
|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
 +
|Present, but threat severity is unknown
 +
|
 +
|Agricultural encroachment from industrial plantations and villages situated inside the park (BirdLife International 2021).
 +
|Ongoing (2021)
 +
|-
 +
|3. Energy production & mining
 +
|
 +
|Unknown
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|4. Transportation & service corridors
 +
|
 +
|Unknown
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|5. Biological resource use
 +
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
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|High
 +
|
 +
|Illegal wildlife hunting for bushmeat is a serious threat (Morgan et al. 2011, Hofner et al. 2020).
 +
|Ongoing (2020)
 +
|-
 +
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
 +
|
 +
|Unknown
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|7. Natural system modifications
 +
|
 +
|Unknown
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
 +
|
 +
|Unknown
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|9. Pollution
 +
|
 +
|Unknown
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|10. Geological Events
 +
|
 +
|Absent
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| 11. Climate change & severe weather
 +
|
 +
|Unknown
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|12. Other options
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|
 +
|Absent
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|}
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[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
 +
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= Conservation activities =      <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
 +
 +
The Korup Rainforest Conservation Society (KRCS) is a community based organisation in Southwest Cameroon that was created in 2009. KRCS supports and implements various conservation activities, especially related to wildlife research and livelihood improvement initiatives such as donating farming equipment and community infrastructural development ([https://www.korup-conservation.org/activities/livelihood-and-poverty-alleviation/ KRCS)].
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'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Korup National Park'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
 +
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
 +
!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
 +
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
 +
!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
 +
|-
 +
|1. Residential & commercial development
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|3. Energy production & mining
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|4. Transportation & service corridors
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|5. Biological resource use
 +
|5.6. Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols
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|Anti-poaching patrols evaluation and design (KRCS n.d.).
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|Ongoing
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|5.15. Implement monitoring surveillance strategies (e.g. SMART) or use monitoring data to improve effectiveness of wildlife law enforcement patrols
 +
|GPS and GIS training for KRCS members, wildlife monitoring (KRCS n.d.).
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|Ongoing
 +
|-
 +
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|7. Natural system modifications
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|9. Pollution
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|10. Education & Awareness
 +
|10.1. Educate local communities about primates and sustainable use
 +
|Video shows on conservation, nature excursions for kids (KRCS n.d.).
 +
|Ongoing
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|10.2. Involve local community in primate research and conservation management
 +
|Involvement in primate research, biomonitoring, and training in conservation project management (KRCS n.d.).
 +
|Ongoing
 +
|-
 +
|11. Habitat Protection
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|12. Species Management
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
 +
|13.2. Provide non-monetary benefits to local communities for sustainably managing their forest and its wildlife (e.g. better education, infrastructure development)
 +
|Farming equipment, scholarships, community infrastructure development, green initiatives e.g. bee farming, small scale poultry and non-timber products value chain improvement (KRCS n.d.).
 +
|Ongoing
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
 +
 +
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
 +
 +
Conflicts between park staff and local communities due to inadequate flow of information (Diotoh n.d.).
 +
 +
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Korup National Park'''
 +
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
 +
!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
 +
!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
 +
|-
 +
|Lack of trust and support from local communities
 +
|Diotoh n.d.
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 +
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
 +
 +
The KRCS conducts conservation research activities, mainly focused on biomonitoring, socio-economic surveys, and primate research (KRCS n.d.).
 +
 +
===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
 +
 +
'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Korup National Park'''
 +
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
 +
!align="left"|Behavior
 +
!Source
 +
|-
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 +
=External links=
 +
[https://www.korup-conservation.org/ KRSC] <br>
 +
[https://www.conservationleadershipprogramme.org/project/primate-conservation-korup-national-park-cameroon/ Conservation Leadership Programme] <br>
 +
 +
===Relevant datasets===
 +
[http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal]
 +
 +
= References =
 +
BirdLife International (2021) Important Bird Areas factsheet: Korup National Park. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 24/10/2021.<br>
 +
Morgan, B. J., Adeleke, A., Bassey, T., Bergl, R., Dunn, A., Fotso, R., ... & Williamson, E. A. (2011). Regional action plan for the conservation of the Nigeria–Cameroon chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes ellioti). IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group and Zoological Society of San Diego.<br>
 +
Diotoh, O.R. (n.d.).Action for primate conservation in Korup National Park, Cameroon. https://www.conservationleadershipprogramme.org/project/primate-conservation-korup-national-park-cameroon/<br>
 +
KRCS (n.d.).Activities.https://www.korup-conservation.org/activities/<br>
 +
Waltert, M., Faber, K., & Mühlenberg, M. (2002). Further declines of threatened primates in the Korup Project Area, south-west Cameroon. Oryx, 36(3), 257-265.<br>
 +
Hofner, A. N., Jost Robinson, C. A., Hall, E. S., Capel, T., Astaras, C., & Linder, J. M. (2020). Surveying primates in northeastern Korup National Park, Cameroon. A Longitudinal Comparison. African Primates, 14, 35-44.<br>
 +
Kupsch, D., Serge, B. K., Waltert, M., Chia, N. B., Brice, B. C. G., Abdoulaye, D., & Kalagan, D. (2014). Biodiversity, carbon stock and market value assessment for the SGSOC project area, Southwest region, Cameroon. World Wide Fund for Nature, Germany, and Greenpeace International.<br>
 +
 +
<br>
 +
'''Page completed by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki team''' Date:''' 25/10/2021 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->

Latest revision as of 04:58, 25 October 2021

Central Africa > Cameroon > Korup National Park

Summary

  • Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes ellioti) are present in Korup National Park.
  • It has been estimated that 167 (CI: 91-305) individuals occur in the site.
  • The chimpanzee population trend is decreasing.
  • The site has a total size of 1,260 km².
  • Hunting is the main threat to chimpanzees.
  • Conservation activities have focused on wildlife research and livelihood improvement initiatives.

Site characteristics

Korup National Park is located in western Cameroon, bordering Cross River National Park in southeast Nigeria (BirdLife International 2021). The site was established as a forest reserve in 1962 and upgraded to a national park in 1986 (Morgan et al. 2011, BirdLife International 2021). Altitudes range from just above sea-level to over 1,000 m but the terrain is generally flat, with hills and escarpments found only in the northern section of the park; the highest peak (Mount Ekundukundu) is situated in the centre of the park (BirdLife International 2021). The forests of Korup are floristically diverse and the annual average rainfall is approximately 5,460 mm. The diversity of birds is relatively well known, with some 320 species recorded in and on the margins of the site, including a large number of species of the Guinea–Congo Forests biome (BirdLife International 2021). Mammals of conservation concern found at the site include mandrills (Mandrillus leucophaeus), Preuss's monkey (Cercopithecus preussi), and forest elephant (Loxodonta cyclotis). The occurrence of Preuss's red colobus, Procolobus (badius) preussi, is of special importance (Morgan et al. 2011, BirdLife International. 2021).

Table 1. Basic site information for Korup National Park

Area 1,260 km²
Coordinates 5.354790 N, 8.977458 E
Designation National Park
Habitat types Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status

Two surveys were conducted in logged and unlogged sites in the Korup Project Area, which consists of the Korup National Park and the surrounding Support Zone (5,357 sq.km), where two logging concessions had been active between 1996-1998 (Waltert et al. 2002). The results of the survey showed that between 1999-2000 and 2000-2001, chimpanzee (as well as other primate) density decreased in the logged sites (Waltert et al. 2002).

Table 2. Ape population estimates in Korup National Park

Species Year Abundance estimate (95% CI) Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) Encounter rate (nests/km) Area Method Source Comments A.P.E.S. database ID
Pan troglodytes ellioti 1999-2000 0.55 (0.05–6.00) 0.14 (0.00–82) Korup Project Area, logged sites Line transects (Distance) Waltert et al. 2002 Survey effort 96 km
Pan troglodytes ellioti 2000-2001 0.09 (0.02–0.34) Korup Project Area, logged sites Line transects (Distance) Waltert et al. 2002 Survey effort 56 km
Pan troglodytes ellioti 2000-2001 0.16 (0.02–1.21) 0.08 (0.01–0.63) Korup Project Area, unlogged sites Line transects (Distance) Waltert et al. 2002 Survey effort 86 km
Pan troglodytes ellioti 2007-2010 167 (91-305) 0.13 (0.07-0.24) Korup National Park Line transects (Distance) Waltert 2012 as cited by Kupsch et al. 2014
Pan troglodytes ellioti 2016 Present Korup National Park Line transects (Distance) Hofner et al. 2020 Acoustic and visual encounters.

Threats

Hunting is a major threat to chimpanzees and other mammals in Korup National Park (Morgan et al. 2011, Hofner et al. 2020). Pressure on the park's wildlife is high due to the dependence of local on bushmeat, and the demand for bushmeat in neighbouring Nigeria (Diotoh n.d.). In addition, 70,000 ha of the park's bufffer zone, which were once traditional hunting grounds, have been converted into oil palm plantations (Diotoh n.d.).

Table 3. Threats to apes in Korup National Park

Category Specific threats Threat level Quantified severity Description Year of threat
1. Residential & commercial development Unknown
2. Agriculture & aquaculture 2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops Present, but threat severity is unknown Agricultural encroachment from industrial plantations and villages situated inside the park (BirdLife International 2021). Ongoing (2021)
3. Energy production & mining Unknown
4. Transportation & service corridors Unknown
5. Biological resource use 5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals High Illegal wildlife hunting for bushmeat is a serious threat (Morgan et al. 2011, Hofner et al. 2020). Ongoing (2020)
6. Human intrusion & disturbance Unknown
7. Natural system modifications Unknown
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases Unknown
9. Pollution Unknown
10. Geological Events Absent
11. Climate change & severe weather Unknown
12. Other options Absent

IUCN Threats list

Conservation activities

The Korup Rainforest Conservation Society (KRCS) is a community based organisation in Southwest Cameroon that was created in 2009. KRCS supports and implements various conservation activities, especially related to wildlife research and livelihood improvement initiatives such as donating farming equipment and community infrastructural development (KRCS).

Table 4. Conservation activities in Korup National Park

Category Specific activity Description Year of activity
1. Residential & commercial development Not reported
2. Agriculture & aquaculture Not reported
3. Energy production & mining Not reported
4. Transportation & service corridors Not reported
5. Biological resource use 5.6. Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols Anti-poaching patrols evaluation and design (KRCS n.d.). Ongoing
5.15. Implement monitoring surveillance strategies (e.g. SMART) or use monitoring data to improve effectiveness of wildlife law enforcement patrols GPS and GIS training for KRCS members, wildlife monitoring (KRCS n.d.). Ongoing
6. Human intrusion & disturbance Not reported
7. Natural system modifications Not reported
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases Not reported
9. Pollution Not reported
10. Education & Awareness 10.1. Educate local communities about primates and sustainable use Video shows on conservation, nature excursions for kids (KRCS n.d.). Ongoing
10.2. Involve local community in primate research and conservation management Involvement in primate research, biomonitoring, and training in conservation project management (KRCS n.d.). Ongoing
11. Habitat Protection Not reported
12. Species Management Not reported
13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives 13.2. Provide non-monetary benefits to local communities for sustainably managing their forest and its wildlife (e.g. better education, infrastructure development) Farming equipment, scholarships, community infrastructure development, green initiatives e.g. bee farming, small scale poultry and non-timber products value chain improvement (KRCS n.d.). Ongoing

Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)

Challenges

Conflicts between park staff and local communities due to inadequate flow of information (Diotoh n.d.).

Table 5. Challenges reported for Korup National Park

Challenge Source
Lack of trust and support from local communities Diotoh n.d.

Research activities

The KRCS conducts conservation research activities, mainly focused on biomonitoring, socio-economic surveys, and primate research (KRCS n.d.).

Documented behaviours

Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Korup National Park

Behavior Source
Not reported

External links

KRSC
Conservation Leadership Programme

Relevant datasets

A.P.E.S Portal

References

BirdLife International (2021) Important Bird Areas factsheet: Korup National Park. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 24/10/2021.
Morgan, B. J., Adeleke, A., Bassey, T., Bergl, R., Dunn, A., Fotso, R., ... & Williamson, E. A. (2011). Regional action plan for the conservation of the Nigeria–Cameroon chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes ellioti). IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group and Zoological Society of San Diego.
Diotoh, O.R. (n.d.).Action for primate conservation in Korup National Park, Cameroon. https://www.conservationleadershipprogramme.org/project/primate-conservation-korup-national-park-cameroon/
KRCS (n.d.).Activities.https://www.korup-conservation.org/activities/
Waltert, M., Faber, K., & Mühlenberg, M. (2002). Further declines of threatened primates in the Korup Project Area, south-west Cameroon. Oryx, 36(3), 257-265.
Hofner, A. N., Jost Robinson, C. A., Hall, E. S., Capel, T., Astaras, C., & Linder, J. M. (2020). Surveying primates in northeastern Korup National Park, Cameroon. A Longitudinal Comparison. African Primates, 14, 35-44.
Kupsch, D., Serge, B. K., Waltert, M., Chia, N. B., Brice, B. C. G., Abdoulaye, D., & Kalagan, D. (2014). Biodiversity, carbon stock and market value assessment for the SGSOC project area, Southwest region, Cameroon. World Wide Fund for Nature, Germany, and Greenpeace International.


Page completed by: A.P.E.S. Wiki team Date: 25/10/2021

Retrieved from "https://wiki.iucnapesportal.org/index.php?title=Korup_National_Park&oldid=4171"