Difference between revisions of "Conkouati-Douli National Park"

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[[Central Africa]] > [[Republic of the Congo]] > [[Conkouati-Douli National Park]]
  
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= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
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* Central chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes troglodytes'') and western lowland gorillas (''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'') are present in Conkouati-Douli National Park.
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* It is estimated that 7,000 chimpanzees and 900 gorillas occur at the site.
 +
* The population trends are unknown.
 +
* The site has a total size of 5,049 km².
 +
* Key threats to great apes are bushmeat hunting and mining.
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* Conservation activities at the site include a reintroduction program for rescued chimpanzees.
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* The site is designated as a Ramsar Site.
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= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
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Conkouati-Douli National Park (CDNP) was established in 1999, replacing the Conkouati Wildlife Reserve existing since 1980. CDNP is situated in the southwest corner of the Republic of Congo, bordering Gabon's Mayumba National Park to the north. Together, Mayumba National Park and CDNP form the Conkouati-Mayumba landscape, characterised by coastal lowland forest that extends into higher altitude forest in the mountains to the east, and descends to the inland savanna plain (Tutin et al. 2005). As a result of CDNP's broad habitat diversity, the park is the most biodiverse in Congo. In addition to chimpanzees and gorillas, CDNP is home to many threatened species, including forest elephants, mandrills, and forest buffalo. Marine species, such as manatees, turtles, dolphins and whales, are also found at the site. The coastline of the park, which comprises 35% of the country's coastline, is an important site for sea turtle nesting, particularly for Leatherback and Olive Ridley turtles ([http://wcscongoblog.org/portfolio_page/conkouati-douli-national-park/ WCS; BirdLife International 2020]). The site is also an Important Bird Area, with at least 288 species present (BirdLife International 2020). CDNP is also designated as a Ramsar Site and is registered on the indicative list of UNESCO World Heritage ([http://parcsdenoe.org/en/parcs-congo/# Parcs de Noé]).
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'''Table 1. Basic site information for Conkouati-Douli National Park'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
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| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
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|5,049 km²
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|-
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|Coordinates
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| -3.797862 S, 11.487369 E
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|-
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|Designation
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|National Park
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|-
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|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
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|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical/tropical swamp forest, savanna, coastal brackish/saline lagoons/marine lakes
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|}
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[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
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= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
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An estimated 7,000 chimpanzees and 900 gorillas occur in the park ([http://parcsdenoe.org/en/parcs-congo/# Parcs de Noé]).
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'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Conkouati-Douli National Park'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
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! Species
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! Year
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! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
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! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
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! Encounter rate (nests/km)
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! Area
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! Method
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! Source
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! Comments
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! A.P.E.S. database ID
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|-
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|''Pan troglodytes troglodytes'' & ''Gorilla gorilla gorilla''
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|}
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= Threats =    <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
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Lack of hunting controls and law enforcement combined with high demand for bushmeat in urban markets threaten the ape population at CDNP (IUCN 2014).
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'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Conkouati-Douli National Park'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
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!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
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!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
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!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
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!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->
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!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
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!Year of threat <!--  Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
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|-
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|1. Residential & commercial development
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|
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|Unknown
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|
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|
 +
|
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|-
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|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
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|
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|Unknown
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|
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|
 +
|
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|-
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|3. Energy production & mining
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|3.2 Mining & quarrying
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|Absent
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|
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|Mining is now suspended in the park (BirdLife International 2020).
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|
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|-
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|4. Transportation & service corridors
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|
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|Unknown
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|
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|
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|
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|-
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|5. Biological resource use
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|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
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|High
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|
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|Hunting driven by considerable demand for bushmeat from urban markets in Congo (IUCN 2014).
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|Ongoing (2014)
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|-
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|
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|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
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|Present, but threat severity is unknown
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|
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|Logging concessions present at the site, before and after it was declared a National Park (BirdLife International 2020; IUCN 2014).
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|Ongoing (2020)
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|-
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|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
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|
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|Unknown
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|
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|
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|
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|-
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|7. Natural system modifications
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|
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|Unknown
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|
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|
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|
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|-
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|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
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|
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|Unknown
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|
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|
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|
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|-
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|9. Pollution
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|
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|Unknown
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|
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|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|10. Geological Events
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|
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|Absent
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|
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|
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|
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|-
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| 11. Climate change & severe weather
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|
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|Unknown
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|
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|
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|
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|-
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|12. Other options
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|
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|Absent
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|
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|
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|
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|-
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|}
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[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
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= Conservation activities =      <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
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'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Conkouati-Douli National Park'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
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!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
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!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
 +
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
 +
!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
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|-
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|1. Residential & commercial development
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|Not reported
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|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
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|Not reported
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|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|3. Energy production & mining
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|Not reported
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|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|4. Transportation & service corridors
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|Not reported
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|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|5. Biological resource use
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|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
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|Not reported
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|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|7. Natural system modifications
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|9. Pollution
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|10. Education & Awareness
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|11. Habitat Protection
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|11.2. Legally protect primate habitat
 +
|The site was declared a National Park in 1999; before that, it was a Wildlife Reserve, since 1980.
 +
|Ongoing
 +
|-
 +
|12. Species Management
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|12.16. Reintroduce primates as single/multiple individuals
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|The NGO [http://www.help-primates.org/en/actions.html HELP Congo] has a reintroduction program, and has released several rescued chimpanzees into the Triangle site (a forested area bordered by the Conkouati lagoon within the park).
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|Ongoing
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|-
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|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
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|Not reported
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|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|}
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[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
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= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
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 +
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Conkouati-Douli National Park'''
 +
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
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!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
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!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
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|-
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|Lack of law enforcement
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|IUCN 2014
 +
|-
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|Lack of transboundary cooperation
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|IUCN 2014
 +
|-
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|}
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= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
 +
 +
[https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/3/2/532 A Longitudinal Study on Feeding Behaviour and Activity Patterns of Released Chimpanzees in Conkouati-Douli National Park, Republic of Congo] <br>
 +
[https://search.proquest.com/openview/035f9ab2d1851e79d6eef62b2949171e/1?cbl=2031961&pq-origsite=gscholar Forest Feeding Phenology of Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) east of Conkouati-Douli National Park, Republic of Congo] <br>
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[https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJBC/article-abstract/40FCE6060714 Effect of construction of natural reserve on the livelihoods and income of local residents around Conkouati-Doulinational Park, Republic Of Congo] <br>
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[https://bioone.org/journals/primate-conservation/volume-22/issue-1/052.022.0110/Confirmation-of-the-Presence-of-the-Red-Capped-Mangabey-Cercocebus/10.1896/052.022.0110.full Confirmation of the Presence of the Red-Capped Mangabey (Cercocebus torquatus) in Mayumba National Park, Southern Gabon, and Conkouati-Douli National Park, Southern Republic of Congo] <br>
 +
 +
===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
 +
 +
'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Conkouati-Douli National Park'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
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!align="left"|Behavior
 +
!Source
 +
|-
 +
|Not reported
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|
 +
|-
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|}
 +
 +
=External links=
 +
[http://wcscongoblog.org/portfolio_page/conkouati-douli-national-park/ WCS Conkouati-Douli National Park] <br>
 +
[http://parcsdenoe.org/en/parcs-congo/# Parcs de Noé] <br>
 +
[http://www.help-primates.org/an/index.php?SRC=0&DEST=16300 The National park of Conkouati-Douli] <br>
 +
 +
===Relevant datasets===
 +
[http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal]
 +
 +
= References =
 +
BirdLife International (2020) Important Bird Areas factsheet: Conkouati National Park. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 10/12/2020. <br>
 +
Tutin, C., et. al. 2005. Regional Action Plan for the Conservation of Chimpanzees and Gorillas in Western Equatorial Africa. IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group Conservation International. Washington, DC. <br>
 +
IUCN (2014). Regional Action Plan for the Conservation of Western Lowland Gorillas and Central Chimpanzees 2015–2025. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group. 56 pp. <br>
 +
 +
<br>
 +
'''Page completed by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki team''' Date:''' 29/12/2020 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->

Latest revision as of 16:22, 29 December 2020

Central Africa > Republic of the Congo > Conkouati-Douli National Park

Summary[edit]

  • Central chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) and western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) are present in Conkouati-Douli National Park.
  • It is estimated that 7,000 chimpanzees and 900 gorillas occur at the site.
  • The population trends are unknown.
  • The site has a total size of 5,049 km².
  • Key threats to great apes are bushmeat hunting and mining.
  • Conservation activities at the site include a reintroduction program for rescued chimpanzees.
  • The site is designated as a Ramsar Site.

Site characteristics[edit]

Conkouati-Douli National Park (CDNP) was established in 1999, replacing the Conkouati Wildlife Reserve existing since 1980. CDNP is situated in the southwest corner of the Republic of Congo, bordering Gabon's Mayumba National Park to the north. Together, Mayumba National Park and CDNP form the Conkouati-Mayumba landscape, characterised by coastal lowland forest that extends into higher altitude forest in the mountains to the east, and descends to the inland savanna plain (Tutin et al. 2005). As a result of CDNP's broad habitat diversity, the park is the most biodiverse in Congo. In addition to chimpanzees and gorillas, CDNP is home to many threatened species, including forest elephants, mandrills, and forest buffalo. Marine species, such as manatees, turtles, dolphins and whales, are also found at the site. The coastline of the park, which comprises 35% of the country's coastline, is an important site for sea turtle nesting, particularly for Leatherback and Olive Ridley turtles (WCS; BirdLife International 2020). The site is also an Important Bird Area, with at least 288 species present (BirdLife International 2020). CDNP is also designated as a Ramsar Site and is registered on the indicative list of UNESCO World Heritage (Parcs de Noé).

Table 1. Basic site information for Conkouati-Douli National Park

Area 5,049 km²
Coordinates -3.797862 S, 11.487369 E
Designation National Park
Habitat types Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical/tropical swamp forest, savanna, coastal brackish/saline lagoons/marine lakes

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status[edit]

An estimated 7,000 chimpanzees and 900 gorillas occur in the park (Parcs de Noé).

Table 2. Ape population estimates in Conkouati-Douli National Park

Species Year Abundance estimate (95% CI) Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) Encounter rate (nests/km) Area Method Source Comments A.P.E.S. database ID
Pan troglodytes troglodytes & Gorilla gorilla gorilla

Threats[edit]

Lack of hunting controls and law enforcement combined with high demand for bushmeat in urban markets threaten the ape population at CDNP (IUCN 2014).

Table 3. Threats to apes in Conkouati-Douli National Park

Category Specific threats Threat level Quantified severity Description Year of threat
1. Residential & commercial development Unknown
2. Agriculture & aquaculture Unknown
3. Energy production & mining 3.2 Mining & quarrying Absent Mining is now suspended in the park (BirdLife International 2020).
4. Transportation & service corridors Unknown
5. Biological resource use 5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals High Hunting driven by considerable demand for bushmeat from urban markets in Congo (IUCN 2014). Ongoing (2014)
5.3 Logging & wood harvesting Present, but threat severity is unknown Logging concessions present at the site, before and after it was declared a National Park (BirdLife International 2020; IUCN 2014). Ongoing (2020)
6. Human intrusion & disturbance Unknown
7. Natural system modifications Unknown
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases Unknown
9. Pollution Unknown
10. Geological Events Absent
11. Climate change & severe weather Unknown
12. Other options Absent

IUCN Threats list

Conservation activities[edit]

Table 4. Conservation activities in Conkouati-Douli National Park

Category Specific activity Description Year of activity
1. Residential & commercial development Not reported
2. Agriculture & aquaculture Not reported
3. Energy production & mining Not reported
4. Transportation & service corridors Not reported
5. Biological resource use Not reported
6. Human intrusion & disturbance Not reported
7. Natural system modifications Not reported
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases Not reported
9. Pollution Not reported
10. Education & Awareness Not reported
11. Habitat Protection 11.2. Legally protect primate habitat The site was declared a National Park in 1999; before that, it was a Wildlife Reserve, since 1980. Ongoing
12. Species Management 12.16. Reintroduce primates as single/multiple individuals The NGO HELP Congo has a reintroduction program, and has released several rescued chimpanzees into the Triangle site (a forested area bordered by the Conkouati lagoon within the park). Ongoing
13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives Not reported

Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)

Challenges[edit]

Table 5. Challenges reported for Conkouati-Douli National Park

Challenge Source
Lack of law enforcement IUCN 2014
Lack of transboundary cooperation IUCN 2014

Research activities[edit]

A Longitudinal Study on Feeding Behaviour and Activity Patterns of Released Chimpanzees in Conkouati-Douli National Park, Republic of Congo
Forest Feeding Phenology of Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) east of Conkouati-Douli National Park, Republic of Congo
Effect of construction of natural reserve on the livelihoods and income of local residents around Conkouati-Doulinational Park, Republic Of Congo
Confirmation of the Presence of the Red-Capped Mangabey (Cercocebus torquatus) in Mayumba National Park, Southern Gabon, and Conkouati-Douli National Park, Southern Republic of Congo

Documented behaviours[edit]

Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Conkouati-Douli National Park

Behavior Source
Not reported

External links[edit]

WCS Conkouati-Douli National Park
Parcs de Noé
The National park of Conkouati-Douli

Relevant datasets[edit]

A.P.E.S Portal

References[edit]

BirdLife International (2020) Important Bird Areas factsheet: Conkouati National Park. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 10/12/2020.
Tutin, C., et. al. 2005. Regional Action Plan for the Conservation of Chimpanzees and Gorillas in Western Equatorial Africa. IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group Conservation International. Washington, DC.
IUCN (2014). Regional Action Plan for the Conservation of Western Lowland Gorillas and Central Chimpanzees 2015–2025. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group. 56 pp.


Page completed by: A.P.E.S. Wiki team Date: 29/12/2020

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