Difference between revisions of "Zone Humide d'Ebogo"

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[[Central Africa]] > [[Cameroon]] > [[Zone Humide d'Ebogo]]
 
[[Central Africa]] > [[Cameroon]] > [[Zone Humide d'Ebogo]]
  
−
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
+
'''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Zone_Humide_d'Ebogo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Français]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Zone_Humide_d'Ebogo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=pt&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Português]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Zone_Humide_d'Ebogo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=es&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Español]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Zone_Humide_d'Ebogo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=id&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Bahasa Indonesia]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Zone_Humide_d'Ebogo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Melayu]'''
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<div style="float: right">
+
 
−
{{#display_map: height=200px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap
+
__TOC__
−
|3.393683, 11.483002~[[Zone Humide d'Ebogo]]~Central chimpanzees & Western lowland gorillas
+
= Summary =
−
}}
+
 
−
</div>
+
<div style="float: right">{{#display_map: height=190px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap|3.397017, 11.462335~[[Zone Humide d'Ebogo]]~'Pan troglodytes troglodytes'', ''Gorilla gorilla gorilla''}}</div>
 
* Central chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes troglodytes'') and western lowland gorillas (''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'') are present in Zone Humide d'Ebogo.
 
* Central chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes troglodytes'') and western lowland gorillas (''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'') are present in Zone Humide d'Ebogo.
 
* The population sizes are unknown.
 
* The population sizes are unknown.
Line 23: Line 15:
 
* The site was designated a Ramsar site in 2012.
 
* The site was designated a Ramsar site in 2012.
  
−
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
+
 
 +
 
 +
= Site characteristics =
  
 
The site is located about 40 km south of Yaoundé, the capital city of Cameroon. The area supports several IUCN Red-Listed plant species including the African Pearwood (''Baillonella toxisperma''), Sapele (''Entandrophragma cylindricum'') and Ebony (''Diospyros crassiflora''). It also supports nationally important animal species such as the Nile Monitor (''Varanus niloticus'') and the African Python (''Python sebae'') as well as over 100 waterbird species. The temporarily flooded marshes serve as food and breeding ground for waterbirds. It was designated as a Ramsar site in 2012. The forest also supports a rich diversity of non-timber forest products important to the local population both as a source of food and as a cultural heritage ([https://rsis.ramsar.org/fr/ris/2068 Ramsar 2012]). The area is surrounded by the Mbalyamo Forest Reserve.
 
The site is located about 40 km south of Yaoundé, the capital city of Cameroon. The area supports several IUCN Red-Listed plant species including the African Pearwood (''Baillonella toxisperma''), Sapele (''Entandrophragma cylindricum'') and Ebony (''Diospyros crassiflora''). It also supports nationally important animal species such as the Nile Monitor (''Varanus niloticus'') and the African Python (''Python sebae'') as well as over 100 waterbird species. The temporarily flooded marshes serve as food and breeding ground for waterbirds. It was designated as a Ramsar site in 2012. The forest also supports a rich diversity of non-timber forest products important to the local population both as a source of food and as a cultural heritage ([https://rsis.ramsar.org/fr/ris/2068 Ramsar 2012]). The area is surrounded by the Mbalyamo Forest Reserve.
  
 
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Zone Humide d'Ebogo'''
 
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Zone Humide d'Ebogo'''
−
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
+
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Site_characteristics-table"
−
| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
+
|Species
 +
|'Pan troglodytes troglodytes'', ''Gorilla gorilla gorilla''
 +
|-
 +
|Area
 
|30.97 km²
 
|30.97 km²
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Coordinates
 
|Coordinates
−
|3.393683, 11.483002
+
|Lat: 3.397017 , Lon:  11.462335
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Designation
+
|Type of site
−
|Forest Reserve
+
|Protected area (Forest Reserve)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
+
|Habitat types
 
|Subtropical/tropical swamp forest
 
|Subtropical/tropical swamp forest
 +
|-
 +
|Type of governance
 +
|
 
|}
 
|}
−
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
 
  
−
= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
+
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
 +
 
 +
= Ape status =
  
−
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Zone Humide d'Ebogo'''
+
 
−
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
+
 
−
! Species
+
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Zone Humide d'Ebogo'''
−
! Year
+
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Ape_status-table"
−
! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
+
!Species
−
! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
+
!Year
−
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
+
!Occurrence
−
! Area
+
!Encounter or vistation rate (nests/km; ind/day)
−
! Method
+
!Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
−
! Source
+
!Abundance estimate (95% CI)
−
! Comments
+
!Survey area
−
! A.P.E.S. database ID
+
!Sampling method
 +
!Analytical framework
 +
!Source
 +
!Comments
 +
!A.P.E.S. database ID
 
|-
 
|-
 
|''Pan troglodytes troglodytes''
 
|''Pan troglodytes troglodytes''
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 64: Line 70:
 
|
 
|
 
|Zone Humide d'Ebogo
 
|Zone Humide d'Ebogo
 +
|Unknown
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 70: Line 77:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|''Gorilla gorilla gorilla''
 
|''Gorilla gorilla gorilla''
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 75: Line 83:
 
|
 
|
 
|Zone Humide d'Ebogo
 
|Zone Humide d'Ebogo
 +
|Unknown
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 81: Line 90:
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
= Threats =     <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
+
 
 +
= Threats =
  
  
−
'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Zone Humide d'Ebogo'''
+
 
−
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
+
'''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Zone Humide d'Ebogo'''
−
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
+
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Threats-table"
−
!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
+
!Category
−
!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
+
!Specific threats
−
!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->
+
!Threat level
−
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
+
!Description
−
!Year of threat <!--  Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
+
!Year of threat
 
|-
 
|-
−
|1. Residential & commercial development
+
|10 Geological events
−
|1.1 Housing & urban areas
+
|
−
|Low
+
|Absent
 
|
 
|
−
|Built areas around the eastern and western boundaries of the site (Liliane et al. 2022).
 
−
|Ongoing (2022)
 
−
|-
 
−
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
 
−
|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
 
−
|High
 
 
|
 
|
−
|Agriculture is a major cause of forest degradation in and around the site (Liliane et al. 2022).
 
−
|Ongoing (2022)
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|3. Energy production & mining
+
|12 Other threat
−
|
 
−
|Unknown
 
 
|
 
|
 +
|Absent
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|4. Transportation & service corridors
+
|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
−
|
+
|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
−
|Unknown
+
|High (more than 70% of population affected)
−
|
+
|Agriculture is a major cause of forest degradation in and around the site (Liliane et al. 2022).
−
|
+
|Ongoing (2022)
−
|
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|5. Biological resource use
+
|5 Biological resource use
 
|5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants
 
|5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants
−
|High
+
|High (more than 70% of population affected)
−
|
 
 
|Collection of NFTPs for food and medicine (Liliane et al. 2022).
 
|Collection of NFTPs for food and medicine (Liliane et al. 2022).
 
|Ongoing (2022)
 
|Ongoing (2022)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|5 Biological resource use
 
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
 
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
−
|High
+
|High (more than 70% of population affected)
−
|
 
 
|Wood harvesting (Liliane et al. 2022).
 
|Wood harvesting (Liliane et al. 2022).
 
|Ongoing (2022)
 
|Ongoing (2022)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
+
|1 Residential & commercial development
 +
|1.1 Residential areas
 +
|Low (up to 30% of population affected)
 +
|Built areas around the eastern and western boundaries of the site (Liliane et al. 2022).
 +
|Ongoing (2022)
 +
|-
 +
|3 Energy production & mining
 
|
 
|
 
|Unknown
 
|Unknown
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|7. Natural system modifications
+
|4 Transportation & service corridors
 
|
 
|
 
|Unknown
 
|Unknown
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
+
|6 Human intrusions & disturbance
 
|
 
|
 
|Unknown
 
|Unknown
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|9. Pollution
+
|7 Natural system modifications
 
|
 
|
 
|Unknown
 
|Unknown
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|10. Geological Events
+
|8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases
−
|
 
−
|Absent
 
 
|
 
|
 +
|Unknown
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 11. Climate change & severe weather
+
|9 Pollution
 
|
 
|
 
|Unknown
 
|Unknown
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|12. Other options
+
|11 Climate change & severe weather
 
|
 
|
−
|Absent
+
|Unknown
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 +
|}
 +
 +
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
 +
 +
= Conservation activities =
 +
 +
 +
 +
'''Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Zone Humide d'Ebogo'''
 +
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Conservation_activities-table"
 +
!Category
 +
!Specific activity
 +
!Description
 +
!Implementing organization(s)
 +
!Year of activity
 +
|-
 +
|5 Protection & restoration
 +
|5.2 Legally protect ape habitat
 +
|The site is protected internationally as a Ramsar site since 2012, but the management plan and national authority for the site are unknown (UNEP-WCMC 2023).
 
|
 
|
−
|-
+
|Ongoing (2023)
 
|}
 
|}
−
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
 
  
−
= Conservation activities =       <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
+
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
 +
 
 +
= Challenges =
 +
 
  
−
'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Zone Humide d'Ebogo'''
+
 
−
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
+
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Zone Humide d'Ebogo'''
−
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
+
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Challenges-table"
−
!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
+
!Challenges
−
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
+
!Specific challenges
−
!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
+
!Source
 +
!Year(s)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|1. Residential & commercial development
+
|
 
|Not reported
 
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 +
|}
 +
 +
 +
= Enablers =
 +
 +
 +
 +
'''Table 6. Enablers reported for Zone Humide d'Ebogo'''
 +
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="enabler-table"
 +
!Enablers
 +
!Specific enablers
 +
!Source
 +
!Year(s)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
+
|1 Site management
−
|Not reported
+
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|3. Energy production & mining
+
|2 Resources and capacity
−
|Not reported
 
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
−
|-
 
−
|4. Transportation & service corridors
 
−
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|5. Biological resource use
+
|3 Engaged community
−
|Not reported
 
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
−
|-
 
−
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
 
−
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|7. Natural system modifications
+
|4 Institutional support
−
|Not reported
 
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
−
|-
 
−
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
 
−
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|9. Pollution
+
|5 Ecological context
−
|Not reported
 
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
−
|-
 
−
|10. Education & Awareness
 
−
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|11. Habitat Protection
+
|6 Safety and stability
−
|11.2. Legally protect primate habitat
 
−
|The site is protected internationally as a Ramsar site since 2012, but the management plan and national authority for the site are unknown (UNEP-WCMC 2023).
 
−
|Ongoing (2023)
 
−
|-
 
−
|12. Species Management
 
−
|Not reported
 
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
−
|-
 
−
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
 
−
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
|-
 
 
|}
 
|}
−
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
 
  
−
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
 
  
−
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Zone Humide d'Ebogo'''
+
= Research activities =
−
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
+
 
−
!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
+
 
−
!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
+
 
−
|-
+
 
−
|Not reported
+
= Documented behaviours =
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|}
 
  
−
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
 
  
−
===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
 
  
−
'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Zone Humide d'Ebogo'''
+
'''Table 7. Behaviours documented for Zone Humide d'Ebogo'''
−
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
+
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviours-table"
−
!align="left"|Behavior
+
!Behavior
 
!Source
 
!Source
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Not reported
 
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
−
|-
 
 
|}
 
|}
 +
  
 
= Exposure to climate change impacts =
 
= Exposure to climate change impacts =
  
 
As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. subm. extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2°C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3°C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.
 
As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. subm. extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2°C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3°C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.
 +
 
The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (see Kiribou et al. subm. for details).
 
The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (see Kiribou et al. subm. for details).
  
−
'''Table 7. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Zone Humide d'Ebogo'''
+
'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Zone Humide d'Ebogo'''
−
{| border='1' cellpadding='5' cellspacing='0' class='EE-table'
+
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="clima-table"
−
|
+
!'''Value'''
−
|'''1981-2010'''
+
!'''1981-2010'''
−
|'''2021-2050 RCP2.6'''
+
!'''2021-2050, RCP 2.6'''
−
|'''2021-2050 RCP6.0'''
+
!'''2021-2050, RCP 6.0'''
−
|'''2071-2099 RCP2.6'''
+
!'''2071-2099, RCP 2.6'''
−
|'''2071-2099 RCP6.0'''
+
!'''2071-2099, RCP 6.0'''
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Mean temperature [°C]
 
|Mean temperature [°C]
Line 331: Line 327:
 
|8.5
 
|8.5
 
|9.5
 
|9.5
−
|-
 
 
|}
 
|}
  
  
−
'''Table 8. Projected exposure of apes to extreme climate impact events in Zone Humide d'Ebogo'''
+
'''Table 9. Projected exposure of apes to extreme climate impact events in Zone Humide d'Ebogo'''
−
{| border='1' cellpadding='5' cellspacing='0' class='EE-table'
+
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="clima2-table"
−
|
+
!'''Type'''
−
|'''No. of years with event (2021-2050 RCP2.6)'''
+
!'''No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 2.6)'''
−
|'''% of site exposed (2021-2050 RCP2.6)'''
+
!'''% of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 2.6)'''
−
|'''No. of years with event (2021-2050 RCP6.0)'''
+
!'''No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 6.0)'''
−
|'''% of site exposed (2021-2050 RCP6.0)'''
+
!'''% of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 6.0)'''
−
|'''No. of years with event (2070-2099 RCP2.6)'''
+
!'''No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 2.6)'''
−
|'''% of site exposed (2070-2099 RCP2.6)'''
+
!'''% of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 2.6)'''
−
|'''No. of years with event (2070-2099 RCP6.0)'''
+
!'''No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 6.0)'''
−
|'''% of site exposed (2070-2099 RCP6.0)'''
+
!'''% of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 6.0)'''
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Crop failure
 
|Crop failure
Line 406: Line 401:
 
|29
 
|29
 
|0.33
 
|0.33
−
|-
 
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
<div><ul>
 
−
<li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File: PrecipAnomaly Zone Humide d Ebogo.png | 450px | thumb| right | Precipitation anomaly in Zone Humide d'Ebogo]] </li>
 
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<li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File: TempAnomaly Zone Humide d Ebogo.png | 450px | thumb| right | Temperature anomaly in Zone Humide d'Ebogo]] </li>
 
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</ul></div>
 
  
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=External links=
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<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File: PrecipAnomaly Zone Humide d Ebogo.png | 450px | thumb| right | Precipitation anomaly in Zone Humide d'Ebogo]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File: TempAnomaly Zone Humide d Ebogo.png | 450px | thumb| right | Temperature anomaly in Zone Humide d'Ebogo]] </li></ul></div>
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= External links =
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[https://rsis.ramsar.org/fr/ris/2068 Ramsar]
 
[https://rsis.ramsar.org/fr/ris/2068 Ramsar]
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= Relevant datasets =
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= References =
 
= References =
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Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H.S., Ferreira, J., Sop, T., Carvalho, J., Mengel, M., Heinicke, S. (subm) Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts.<br>
 
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Liliane, M. D., Romain, N. J., Caroline, M. S. M., Abigaelle, T., & Loic, T. T. A. (2022). Quantifying Forest Loss in the Mbalmayo Forest Reserve (Center Region, Cameroon). Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 10(9), 271-288.<br>
 
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Ramsar (2012. Zone Humide d'Ebogo. Online: https://rsis.ramsar.org/fr/ris/2068 <br>
 
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UNEP-WCMC (2023). Protected Area Profile for Zone Humide d'Ebogo from the World Database on Protected Areas, May 2023. Available at: www.protectedplanet.net<br>
 
  
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<br>
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Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H.S., Ferreira, J., Sop, T., Carvalho, J., Mengel, M., Heinicke, S. (subm) Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts.
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'''Page completed by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki team''' Date:''' 26/05/2023 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
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Liliane, M. D., Romain, N. J., Caroline, M. S. M., Abigaelle, T., & Loic, T. T. A. (2022). Quantifying Forest Loss in the Mbalmayo Forest Reserve (Center Region, Cameroon). Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 10(9), 271-288.
 +
 
 +
Ramsar (2012. Zone Humide d'Ebogo. Online: https://rsis.ramsar.org/fr/ris/2068
 +
 
 +
UNEP-WCMC (2023). Protected Area Profile for Zone Humide d'Ebogo from the World Database on Protected Areas, May 2023. Available at: www.protectedplanet.net
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'''Page created by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki team''' Date:''' NA

Latest revision as of 05:31, 19 March 2025

Central Africa > Cameroon > Zone Humide d'Ebogo

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Summary

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Leaflet
  • Central chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) and western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) are present in Zone Humide d'Ebogo.
  • The population sizes are unknown.
  • The population trends are unknown.
  • The site has a total size of 30.97 km².
  • Forest loss and forest degradation due to wood harvesting, agriculture and collection of non-timber forest products are some of the known threats in the site.
  • Conservation activities are unknown.
  • The site was designated a Ramsar site in 2012.


Site characteristics

The site is located about 40 km south of Yaoundé, the capital city of Cameroon. The area supports several IUCN Red-Listed plant species including the African Pearwood (Baillonella toxisperma), Sapele (Entandrophragma cylindricum) and Ebony (Diospyros crassiflora). It also supports nationally important animal species such as the Nile Monitor (Varanus niloticus) and the African Python (Python sebae) as well as over 100 waterbird species. The temporarily flooded marshes serve as food and breeding ground for waterbirds. It was designated as a Ramsar site in 2012. The forest also supports a rich diversity of non-timber forest products important to the local population both as a source of food and as a cultural heritage (Ramsar 2012). The area is surrounded by the Mbalyamo Forest Reserve.

Table 1. Basic site information for Zone Humide d'Ebogo

Species 'Pan troglodytes troglodytes, Gorilla gorilla gorilla
Area 30.97 km²
Coordinates Lat: 3.397017 , Lon: 11.462335
Type of site Protected area (Forest Reserve)
Habitat types Subtropical/tropical swamp forest
Type of governance

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status

Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Zone Humide d'Ebogo

Species Year Occurrence Encounter or vistation rate (nests/km; ind/day) Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) Abundance estimate (95% CI) Survey area Sampling method Analytical framework Source Comments A.P.E.S. database ID
Pan troglodytes troglodytes Zone Humide d'Ebogo Unknown
Gorilla gorilla gorilla Zone Humide d'Ebogo Unknown


Threats

Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Zone Humide d'Ebogo

Category Specific threats Threat level Description Year of threat
10 Geological events Absent
12 Other threat Absent
2 Agriculture & aquaculture 2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops High (more than 70% of population affected) Agriculture is a major cause of forest degradation in and around the site (Liliane et al. 2022). Ongoing (2022)
5 Biological resource use 5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants High (more than 70% of population affected) Collection of NFTPs for food and medicine (Liliane et al. 2022). Ongoing (2022)
5 Biological resource use 5.3 Logging & wood harvesting High (more than 70% of population affected) Wood harvesting (Liliane et al. 2022). Ongoing (2022)
1 Residential & commercial development 1.1 Residential areas Low (up to 30% of population affected) Built areas around the eastern and western boundaries of the site (Liliane et al. 2022). Ongoing (2022)
3 Energy production & mining Unknown
4 Transportation & service corridors Unknown
6 Human intrusions & disturbance Unknown
7 Natural system modifications Unknown
8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases Unknown
9 Pollution Unknown
11 Climate change & severe weather Unknown

IUCN Threats list

Conservation activities

Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Zone Humide d'Ebogo

Category Specific activity Description Implementing organization(s) Year of activity
5 Protection & restoration 5.2 Legally protect ape habitat The site is protected internationally as a Ramsar site since 2012, but the management plan and national authority for the site are unknown (UNEP-WCMC 2023). Ongoing (2023)

Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)

Challenges

Table 5. Challenges reported for Zone Humide d'Ebogo

Challenges Specific challenges Source Year(s)
Not reported


Enablers

Table 6. Enablers reported for Zone Humide d'Ebogo

Enablers Specific enablers Source Year(s)
1 Site management
2 Resources and capacity
3 Engaged community
4 Institutional support
5 Ecological context
6 Safety and stability


Research activities

Documented behaviours

Table 7. Behaviours documented for Zone Humide d'Ebogo

Behavior Source
Not reported


Exposure to climate change impacts

As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. subm. extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2°C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3°C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.

The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (see Kiribou et al. subm. for details).

Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Zone Humide d'Ebogo

Value 1981-2010 2021-2050, RCP 2.6 2021-2050, RCP 6.0 2071-2099, RCP 2.6 2071-2099, RCP 6.0
Mean temperature [°C] 23.8 25 24.9 25.2 26.2
Annual precipitation [mm] 2228 2308 2326 2389 2375
Max no. consecutive dry days (per year) 28.6 17.3 18.5 15.3 21.4
No. days with heavy precipitation (per year) 6 7.8 8.1 8.5 9.5


Table 9. Projected exposure of apes to extreme climate impact events in Zone Humide d'Ebogo

Type No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 2.6) % of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 2.6) No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 6.0) % of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 6.0) No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 2.6) % of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 2.6) No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 6.0) % of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 6.0)
Crop failure 7 1.3 4.5 1.28 4.5 0.78 16.5 0.96
Drought 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Heatwave 0 0 0.5 50 2.5 100 2 100
River flood 1 0.35 2 4.69 0.5 2.76 3 0.84
Tropical cyclone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wildfire 30 0.27 30 0.3 29 0.28 29 0.33


  • Precipitation anomaly in Zone Humide d'Ebogo
  • Temperature anomaly in Zone Humide d'Ebogo

External links

Ramsar

Relevant datasets

References

Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H.S., Ferreira, J., Sop, T., Carvalho, J., Mengel, M., Heinicke, S. (subm) Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts.

Liliane, M. D., Romain, N. J., Caroline, M. S. M., Abigaelle, T., & Loic, T. T. A. (2022). Quantifying Forest Loss in the Mbalmayo Forest Reserve (Center Region, Cameroon). Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 10(9), 271-288.

Ramsar (2012. Zone Humide d'Ebogo. Online: https://rsis.ramsar.org/fr/ris/2068

UNEP-WCMC (2023). Protected Area Profile for Zone Humide d'Ebogo from the World Database on Protected Areas, May 2023. Available at: www.protectedplanet.net


Page created by: A.P.E.S. Wiki team Date: NA

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