Kasokwa-Kityedo Forest Project

East Africa > Uganda > Kasokwa-Kityedo Forest Project

Summary

• Eastern chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) are present in the Kasokwa-Kityedo Forest Project.
• The population size is unknown.
• The chimpanzee population trend is stable.
• The site has a total size of 1.8 km².
• Key threats to chimpanzees are human encroachment, and hunting snares and traps intended for other animals.
• Conservation activities have focused on education and raising awareness; the presence of a research project also provides some protection.

Site characteristics

This site is part of a series of forest fragments that historically would have been connected to the greater Budongo Forest. Two main fragments are the focus of the project. Kasokwa Central Forest Reserve is a tiny riverine forest located along the road from Masindi toward Budongo Forest. The Kityedo forest area is located entirely within the property of Kinyara Sugarworks.

Table 1. Basic site information for Kasokwa-Kityedo Forest Project

Area	1.8 km²
Coordinates	1.64 N, 31.61 E
Designation	Unclassified
Habitat types	Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status

No formal survey has been done. The area is small; chimpanzees in the area are known. The inhabitants of Kasokwa Forest have in recent years adopted a trend of moving between their original forest and the Kityedo Forest. Some of the original inhabitants have not been seen for a couple of years, so they may have moved even further into another fragment. Thus, the population estimate of the study group is approximately 26 to 30.

Table 2. Ape population estimates in Kasokwa-Kityedo Forest Project

Species	Year	Abundance estimate (95% CI)	Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)	Encounter rate (nests/km)	Area	Method	Source	Comments	A.P.E.S. database ID

Threats

The most important ongoing threat is the setting of snares by local hunters and encroachment on the forest by local people occasionally cutting trees.

Table 3. Threats to apes in Kasokwa-Kityedo Forest Project

Category	Specific threats	Threat level	Quantified severity	Description	Year of threat
1. Residential & commercial development		Absent
2. Agriculture & aquaculture	2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops	Low		Sugar plantation and local small-holder farmers growing sugar (and other crops) result in "raiding" and occasional conflict (Wallis pers. comm. 2020).	Ongoing (2020)
3. Energy production & mining		Absent
4. Transportation & service corridors	4.1 Roads & railroads	Low		Road running along the north of Kasokwa Forest is occasionally crossed by the chimpanzees visiting crops (Wallis pers. comm. 2020).	Ongoing (2020)
5. Biological resource use	5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals	Medium		Unintentional effects. I.e., people do not hunt chimpanzees, but chimpanzees risk being accidentally ensnared in snares and traps set for other animals (Wallis pers. comm. 2020).	Ongoing (2020)
	5.3 Logging & wood harvesting	Low		Sugar plantation and local small-holder farmers growing sugar (and other crops) result in "raiding" and occasional conflict (Wallis pers. comm. 2020).	Ongoing (2020)
6. Human intrusion & disturbance	6.3 Work & other activities	Low		Local people use the forest areas, so there is some potential for pollution of water or other disturbance of the habitat (Wallis pers. comm. 2020).	Ongoing (2020)
7. Natural system modifications		Absent
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases		Unknown
9. Pollution		Absent
10. Geological Events		Absent
11. Climate change & severe weather		Unknown
12. Other options		Absent

IUCN Threats list

Conservation activities

The presence of a research project in the area provides some level of protection for the chimpanzees. Occasionally, sessions for education are organized, but more often the education and information sharing is informal (Wallis pers. comm. 2020).

Table 4. Conservation activities in Kasokwa-Kityedo Forest Project

Category	Specific activity	Description	Year of activity
1. Residential & commercial development	Not reported
2. Agriculture & aquaculture	Not reported
3. Energy production & mining	Not reported
4. Transportation & service corridors	Not reported
5. Biological resource use	5.9. Regularly de-activate/remove ground snares	Field staff are always on alert for snares as they patrol the forest. They remove these and report them (Wallis pers. comm. 2020).	Ongoing (2020)
6. Human intrusion & disturbance	Not reported
7. Natural system modifications	Not reported
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases	8.8. Keep safety distance to habituated animals	We keep a safe distance from the chimpanzees. Data collection is on general behavioral ecology, not requiring close presence (Wallis pers. comm. 2020).	Ongoing (2020)
9. Pollution	Not reported
10. Education & Awareness	10.1. Educate local communities about primates and sustainable use	We have a good relationship with local communities, providing informal and formal (in schools) education about various conservation issues (Wallis pers. comm. 2020).	Ongoing (2020)
	10.2. Involve local community in primate research and conservation management	Field staff are local residents (Wallis pers. comm. 2020).	Ongoing (2020)
11. Habitat Protection	Not reported
12. Species Management	Not reported	Not a "permanent" presence, but a routine presence of field staff in the area (Wallis pers. comm. 2020).	Ongoing (2020)
13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives	13.3. Run research project and ensure permanent human presence at site

Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)

Challenges

As with other sites, money is always a problem. Better funding would allow us to expand our educational efforts and develop some local initiatives to general income and improve community standards (Wallis pers. comm. 2020).

Table 5. Challenges reported for Kasokwa-Kityedo Forest Project

Challenge	Source
Lack of financial means	Wallis pers. comm. 2020

Research activities

Research activities remain minimal. General information is collected on the movement, diet, and social interactions of the chimpanzees to compare these to other sites (Wallis pers. comm. 2020).

Documented behaviours

Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Kasokwa-Kityedo Forest Project

Behavior	Source
Not reported

External links

Relevant datasets

A.P.E.S Portal

References

Page completed by: Janette Wallis Date: 12/11/2020