Difference between revisions of "Nki National Park"

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[[Central Africa]] > [[Cameroon]] > [[Nki National Park]]
  
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= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
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* Central chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes troglodytes'') & western lowland gorillas (''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'') are present in Nki National Park.
 +
* It has been estimated that 3,421 gorillas and chimpanzees occur in the site.
 +
* The great ape population trend is decreasing.
 +
* The site has a total size of 3,093.62 km².
 +
* Great apes are mainly threatened by hunting.
 +
* Conservation activities have focused on anti-poaching measures.
 +
* The site is part of the TRIDOM conservation landscape.
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 +
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
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Nki National Park is located in the south-eastern Cameroon, bordering the Republic of Congo to the south and Boumba-Bek National Park to the north. The national park was established in 2005 (UNEP-WCMC 2021). Nki National Park is part of the TRIDOM conservation landscape, which is spread over three countries: Gabon, Cameroon, and Congo (WWF n.d.). The TRIDOM landscape is very rich in biodiversity, and 97% of its surface is covered by forest (WWF n.d.), representing approximately 10% of the Congo Basin rainforest (WWF n.d.). TRIDOM is also home to an indigenous Baka population of around 10,000 people (WWF n.d.). In addition to gorillas and chimpanzees, the site harbors a wide variety of mammals, including elephants, buffaloes, giant forest hogs, sitatungas, and several species of duikers (WWF n.d.).
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'''Table 1. Basic site information for Nki National Park'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
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| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
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|3,093.62 km²
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|-
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|Coordinates
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|2.508848 N, 14.466650 E
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|-
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|Designation
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|National Park
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|-
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|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
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|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical/tropical swamp forest
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|}
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[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
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= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
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'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Nki National Park'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
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! Species
 +
! Year
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! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
 +
! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
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! Encounter rate (nests/km)
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! Area
 +
! Method
 +
! Source
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! Comments
 +
! A.P.E.S. database ID
 +
|-
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|''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'' & ''Pan troglodytes troglodytes''
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|2005
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|9,437
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|
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|
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|Nki National Park
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|Line transects (Distance)
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|N'Goran 2017
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|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'' & ''Pan troglodytes troglodytes''
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|2012
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|11,417
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|
 +
|
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|Nki National Park
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|Line transects (Distance)
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|N'Goran 2017
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|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'' & ''Pan troglodytes troglodytes''
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|2015
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|3,421
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|
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|
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|Nki National Park
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|Line transects (Distance) and reconnaissance data
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|N'Goran 2017
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|
 +
|
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|}
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= Threats =    <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
 +
 +
Poaching, facilitated by the traffic of automatic weapons, has been a major threat at the site (WWF n.d., N'Goran 2017). Other human activities, such as illegal mining and logging are also a threat to wildlife and their habitat at Nki National Park (N'Goran 2017).
 +
 +
'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Nki National Park'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
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!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
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!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
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!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
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!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->
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!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
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!Year of threat <!--  Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
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|-
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|1. Residential & commercial development
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|
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|Unknown
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|
 +
|
 +
|
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|-
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|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
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|
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|Unknown
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|
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|
 +
|
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|-
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|3. Energy production & mining
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|3.2 Mining & quarrying
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|Present, but threat severity unknown
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|
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|Illegal mining (N'Goran 2017).
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|Ongoing (2017)
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|-
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|4. Transportation & service corridors
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|
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|Unknown
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|
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|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|5. Biological resource use
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|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
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|High
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|
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|Although elephants have been the main target, poaching is also a major threat to apes and other wildlife at the site (N'Goran 2017).
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|Ongoing (2017)
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|-
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|
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|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
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|Present, but threat severity unknown
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|
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|Illegal logging (N'Goran 2017).
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|Ongoing (2017)
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|-
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|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
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|
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|Unknown
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|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|7. Natural system modifications
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|
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|Unknown
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|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
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|
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|Unknown
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|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|9. Pollution
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|
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|Unknown
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|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|10. Geological Events
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|
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|Absent
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|
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|
 +
|
 +
|-
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| 11. Climate change & severe weather
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|
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|Unknown
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|
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|
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|
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|-
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|12. Other options
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|
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|Absent
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|
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|
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|
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|-
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|}
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[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
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= Conservation activities =      <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
 +
 +
The site is part of WWF's Jengi programme, which supports the management of Nki National Park and other sites that are part of the TRIDOM and TNS conservation landscapes. Anti-poaching measures seem to be showing positive results, as camera traps have recently captured a large herd of elephants (WWF 2017, WWF 2020).
 +
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'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Nki National Park'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
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!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
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!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
 +
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
 +
!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
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|-
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|1. Residential & commercial development
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|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
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|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|3. Energy production & mining
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|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|4. Transportation & service corridors
 +
|Not reported
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|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|5. Biological resource use
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|5.6. Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols
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|Government eco-guards are permanently stationed in the park and anti-poaching patrols are regularly conducted ([https://www.wwf-congobasin.org/?305371/Anti%2Dpoaching%2Dmeasures%2Dshow%2Dencouraging%2Dsigns%2Dof%2Drecovery%2Din%2DNki%2DNational%2DPark WWF 2017]).
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|Ongoing (2017)
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|-
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|
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|5.15. Implement monitoring surveillance strategies (e.g. SMART) or use monitoring data to improve effectiveness of wildlife law enforcement patrols
 +
|Wildlife monitoring team spends at least 15 days inside the park; camera traps help monitor wildlife (WWF 2017).
 +
|Ongoing (2017)
 +
|-
 +
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|7. Natural system modifications
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|9. Pollution
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|10. Education & Awareness
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|11. Habitat Protection
 +
|11.2. Legally protect primate habitat
 +
|The site was declared a National Park in 2005
 +
|Ongoing (2021)
 +
|-
 +
|12. Species Management
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
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|Not reported
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|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|}
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[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
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 +
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
 +
 +
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Nki National Park'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
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!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
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!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
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|-
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|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 +
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
 +
 +
===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
 +
 +
'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Nki National Park'''
 +
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
 +
!align="left"|Behavior
 +
!Source
 +
|-
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 +
=External links=
 +
 +
===Relevant datasets===
 +
[http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal]
 +
 +
= References =
 +
N'Goran, K.P. (2017). Summary Report on WWF BIOMONITORING activities from 2014 to 2016 Status of Forest Elephant and Great Apes in Central Africa Priority Sites.<br>
 +
UNEP-WCMC (2021). Protected Area Profile for Nki from the World Database of Protected Areas, November 2021. Available at: www.protectedplanet.net<br>
 +
WWF n.d.TRIDOM: Tri-National Dja-Odzala-Minkébé. https://www.wwf-congobasin.org/where_we_work/tridom___tri_national_dja_odzala_minkebe/<br>
 +
WWF (2017). Anti-poaching measures show encouraging signs of recovery in Nki National Park.https://www.wwf-congobasin.org/?305371/Anti%2Dpoaching%2Dmeasures%2Dshow%2Dencouraging%2Dsigns%2Dof%2Drecovery%2Din%2DNki%2DNational%2DPark  <br>
 +
WWF (2020). The elephants are returning to Nki National Park. https://cameroon.panda.org/?32710/The-elephants-are-returning-to-Nki-National-Park <br>
 +
 +
<br>
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'''Page completed by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki team''' Date:'''05/11/2021 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->

Latest revision as of 14:29, 5 November 2021

Central Africa > Cameroon > Nki National Park

Summary[edit]

  • Central chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) & western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) are present in Nki National Park.
  • It has been estimated that 3,421 gorillas and chimpanzees occur in the site.
  • The great ape population trend is decreasing.
  • The site has a total size of 3,093.62 km².
  • Great apes are mainly threatened by hunting.
  • Conservation activities have focused on anti-poaching measures.
  • The site is part of the TRIDOM conservation landscape.

Site characteristics[edit]

Nki National Park is located in the south-eastern Cameroon, bordering the Republic of Congo to the south and Boumba-Bek National Park to the north. The national park was established in 2005 (UNEP-WCMC 2021). Nki National Park is part of the TRIDOM conservation landscape, which is spread over three countries: Gabon, Cameroon, and Congo (WWF n.d.). The TRIDOM landscape is very rich in biodiversity, and 97% of its surface is covered by forest (WWF n.d.), representing approximately 10% of the Congo Basin rainforest (WWF n.d.). TRIDOM is also home to an indigenous Baka population of around 10,000 people (WWF n.d.). In addition to gorillas and chimpanzees, the site harbors a wide variety of mammals, including elephants, buffaloes, giant forest hogs, sitatungas, and several species of duikers (WWF n.d.).

Table 1. Basic site information for Nki National Park

Area 3,093.62 km²
Coordinates 2.508848 N, 14.466650 E
Designation National Park
Habitat types Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical/tropical swamp forest

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status[edit]

Table 2. Ape population estimates in Nki National Park

Species Year Abundance estimate (95% CI) Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) Encounter rate (nests/km) Area Method Source Comments A.P.E.S. database ID
Gorilla gorilla gorilla & Pan troglodytes troglodytes 2005 9,437 Nki National Park Line transects (Distance) N'Goran 2017
Gorilla gorilla gorilla & Pan troglodytes troglodytes 2012 11,417 Nki National Park Line transects (Distance) N'Goran 2017
Gorilla gorilla gorilla & Pan troglodytes troglodytes 2015 3,421 Nki National Park Line transects (Distance) and reconnaissance data N'Goran 2017

Threats[edit]

Poaching, facilitated by the traffic of automatic weapons, has been a major threat at the site (WWF n.d., N'Goran 2017). Other human activities, such as illegal mining and logging are also a threat to wildlife and their habitat at Nki National Park (N'Goran 2017).

Table 3. Threats to apes in Nki National Park

Category Specific threats Threat level Quantified severity Description Year of threat
1. Residential & commercial development Unknown
2. Agriculture & aquaculture Unknown
3. Energy production & mining 3.2 Mining & quarrying Present, but threat severity unknown Illegal mining (N'Goran 2017). Ongoing (2017)
4. Transportation & service corridors Unknown
5. Biological resource use 5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals High Although elephants have been the main target, poaching is also a major threat to apes and other wildlife at the site (N'Goran 2017). Ongoing (2017)
5.3 Logging & wood harvesting Present, but threat severity unknown Illegal logging (N'Goran 2017). Ongoing (2017)
6. Human intrusion & disturbance Unknown
7. Natural system modifications Unknown
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases Unknown
9. Pollution Unknown
10. Geological Events Absent
11. Climate change & severe weather Unknown
12. Other options Absent

IUCN Threats list

Conservation activities[edit]

The site is part of WWF's Jengi programme, which supports the management of Nki National Park and other sites that are part of the TRIDOM and TNS conservation landscapes. Anti-poaching measures seem to be showing positive results, as camera traps have recently captured a large herd of elephants (WWF 2017, WWF 2020).

Table 4. Conservation activities in Nki National Park

Category Specific activity Description Year of activity
1. Residential & commercial development Not reported
2. Agriculture & aquaculture Not reported
3. Energy production & mining Not reported
4. Transportation & service corridors Not reported
5. Biological resource use 5.6. Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols Government eco-guards are permanently stationed in the park and anti-poaching patrols are regularly conducted (WWF 2017). Ongoing (2017)
5.15. Implement monitoring surveillance strategies (e.g. SMART) or use monitoring data to improve effectiveness of wildlife law enforcement patrols Wildlife monitoring team spends at least 15 days inside the park; camera traps help monitor wildlife (WWF 2017). Ongoing (2017)
6. Human intrusion & disturbance Not reported
7. Natural system modifications Not reported
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases Not reported
9. Pollution Not reported
10. Education & Awareness Not reported
11. Habitat Protection 11.2. Legally protect primate habitat The site was declared a National Park in 2005 Ongoing (2021)
12. Species Management Not reported
13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives Not reported

Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)

Challenges[edit]

Table 5. Challenges reported for Nki National Park

Challenge Source
Not reported

Research activities[edit]

Documented behaviours[edit]

Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Nki National Park

Behavior Source
Not reported

External links[edit]

Relevant datasets[edit]

A.P.E.S Portal

References[edit]

N'Goran, K.P. (2017). Summary Report on WWF BIOMONITORING activities from 2014 to 2016 Status of Forest Elephant and Great Apes in Central Africa Priority Sites.
UNEP-WCMC (2021). Protected Area Profile for Nki from the World Database of Protected Areas, November 2021. Available at: www.protectedplanet.net
WWF n.d.TRIDOM: Tri-National Dja-Odzala-Minkébé. https://www.wwf-congobasin.org/where_we_work/tridom___tri_national_dja_odzala_minkebe/
WWF (2017). Anti-poaching measures show encouraging signs of recovery in Nki National Park.https://www.wwf-congobasin.org/?305371/Anti%2Dpoaching%2Dmeasures%2Dshow%2Dencouraging%2Dsigns%2Dof%2Drecovery%2Din%2DNki%2DNational%2DPark
WWF (2020). The elephants are returning to Nki National Park. https://cameroon.panda.org/?32710/The-elephants-are-returning-to-Nki-National-Park


Page completed by: A.P.E.S. Wiki team Date:05/11/2021

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