Difference between revisions of "Zemongo Faunal Reserve"

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[[Central Africa]] > [[Central African Republic]] > [[Zemongo Faunal Reserve]]
  
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= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
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* Eastern chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii'') are present in Zemongo Faunal Reserve.
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* The population size is unknown.
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* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
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* The site has a total size of 10,100 km².
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* Poaching is a key threat to chimpanzees and other wildlife in the reserve
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* Conservation activities are not documented.
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= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
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Zemongo Faunal Reserve was established in 1925. The reserve is located in southeastern Central African Republic, bordering South Sudan to the northeast, and contiguous with Chinko Nature Reserve to the southwest (Hughes & Hughes 1992). Originally the site was delineated as a 4,800 km² reserve to provide protection to the now extinct white and black rhinoceros (Plumptre et al. 2010). The site was extended and redesignated in 1975. The reserve has expanded to include a very diverse habitat in the region, marking the transition between Congolian rainforest and Sahelian grasslands (Plumptre et al. 2010). Zemongo comprises 10,100 sq. km, of which 1,720 sq. km consist of inundated forest. The site is situated in the Vovado river watershed (Hughes & Hughes 1992). The site is the only protected area in the region within the current known chimpanzee range (Plumptre et al. 2010).
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'''Table 1. Basic site information for Zemongo Faunal Reserve'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
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| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
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|10,100 km²
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|-
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|Coordinates
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|6.752278 N, 25.207170 E
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|-
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|Designation
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|Faunal Reserve
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|-
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|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
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|Subtropical/tropical swamp forest, subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, savanna
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|}
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[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
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= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
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The presence of chimpanzees was reported during a survey prior to 2010; two nests and a footprint were found (Plumptre et al. 2010). There is a clear need for surveys to determine the current status of chimpanzees at the site (Plumptre et al. 2010).
 +
 +
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Zemongo Faunal Reserve'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
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! Species
 +
! Year
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! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
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! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
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! Encounter rate (nests/km)
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! Area
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! Method
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! Source
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! Comments
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! A.P.E.S. database ID
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|-
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|''Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii''
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|
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|
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|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|}
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= Threats =    <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
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The human population is small along the border with Sudan, where chimpanzees inhabit forests. However, Zemongo is the only protected area in the region, and illegal poachers and armed militia coming from Sudan are increasingly common, as well as shepherds and refugees from South Sudan ([https://www.un-grasp.org/our-partners/range-states/central-african-republic/ GRASP]).
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'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Zemongo Faunal Reserve'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
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!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
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!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
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!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
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!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->
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!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
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!Year of threat <!--  Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
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|-
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|1. Residential & commercial development
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|
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|Unknown
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|
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|
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|
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|-
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|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
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|
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|Unknown
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|
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|
 +
|
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|-
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|3. Energy production & mining
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|
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|Unknown
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|
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|
 +
|
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|-
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|4. Transportation & service corridors
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|
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|Unknown
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|
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|
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|
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|-
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|5. Biological resource use
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|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
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|High
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|
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|Intense hunting in the buffer zone of the reserve (Varty 2005).
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|Ongoing (2005)
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|-
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|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
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|
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|Unknown
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|
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|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|7. Natural system modifications
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|
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|Unknown
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|
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|
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|
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|-
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|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
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|
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|Unknown
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|
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|
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|
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|-
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|9. Pollution
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|
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|Unknown
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|
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|
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|
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|-
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|10. Geological Events
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|
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|Absent
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|
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|
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|
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|-
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| 11. Climate change & severe weather
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|
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|Unknown
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|
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|
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|
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|-
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|12. Other options
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|
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|Absent
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|
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|
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|
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|-
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|}
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[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
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= Conservation activities =      <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
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Despite the absence of conservation activities in the region, CAR’s National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan proposes rehabilitation of the reserve. This objective is reiterated in CAR’s National Operation Plan for COMIFAC (Plumptre et al. 2010).
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'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Zemongo Faunal Reserve'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
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!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
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!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
 +
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
 +
!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
 +
|-
 +
|1. Residential & commercial development
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|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|3. Energy production & mining
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|Not reported
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|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|4. Transportation & service corridors
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|5. Biological resource use
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|7. Natural system modifications
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|9. Pollution
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|10. Education & Awareness
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|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|11. Habitat Protection
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|Not reported
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|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|12. Species Management
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|Not reported
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|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
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|Not reported
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|
 +
|
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|-
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|}
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[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
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= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
 +
 +
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Zemongo Faunal Reserve'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
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!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
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!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
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|-
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|Not reported
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|
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
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= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
 +
 +
 +
===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
 +
 +
'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Zemongo Faunal Reserve'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
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!align="left"|Behavior
 +
!Source
 +
|-
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|Not reported
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|
 +
|-
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|}
 +
 +
=External links=
 +
 +
===Relevant datasets===
 +
[http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal]
 +
 +
= References =
 +
Hughes. R. H.. Hughes. J. S.. A directory of African wetlands. 23 April 2011. 1992. IUCN. 978-2-88032-949-5. 485. <br>
 +
Plumptre, A.J., Rose, R., Nangendo, G., Williamson, E.A., Didier, K., Hart, J., Mulindahabi, F., Hicks, C., Griffin, B., Ogawa, H., Nixon, S., Pintea, L., Vosper, A., McClennan, M., Amsini, F., McNeilage, A., Makana, J.R., Kanamori, M., Hernandez, A., Piel, A., Stewart, F., Moore, J., Zamma, K., Nakamura, M., Kamenya, S., Idani, G., Sakamaki, T., Yoshikawa, M., Greer, D., Tranquilli, S., Beyers, R., Furuichi, T., Hashimoto, C. and Bennett, E. (2010). Eastern Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii): Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan 2010–2020. IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland. 52pp.<br>
 +
Varty, N. (2005). Central African Republic. World Atlas of Great Apes and Their Conservation. UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Center, 314.<br>
 +
 +
<br>
 +
'''Page completed by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki team''' Date:''' 15/01/2022 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->

Latest revision as of 05:15, 16 January 2022

Central Africa > Central African Republic > Zemongo Faunal Reserve

Summary

  • Eastern chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) are present in Zemongo Faunal Reserve.
  • The population size is unknown.
  • The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
  • The site has a total size of 10,100 km².
  • Poaching is a key threat to chimpanzees and other wildlife in the reserve
  • Conservation activities are not documented.

Site characteristics

Zemongo Faunal Reserve was established in 1925. The reserve is located in southeastern Central African Republic, bordering South Sudan to the northeast, and contiguous with Chinko Nature Reserve to the southwest (Hughes & Hughes 1992). Originally the site was delineated as a 4,800 km² reserve to provide protection to the now extinct white and black rhinoceros (Plumptre et al. 2010). The site was extended and redesignated in 1975. The reserve has expanded to include a very diverse habitat in the region, marking the transition between Congolian rainforest and Sahelian grasslands (Plumptre et al. 2010). Zemongo comprises 10,100 sq. km, of which 1,720 sq. km consist of inundated forest. The site is situated in the Vovado river watershed (Hughes & Hughes 1992). The site is the only protected area in the region within the current known chimpanzee range (Plumptre et al. 2010).

Table 1. Basic site information for Zemongo Faunal Reserve

Area 10,100 km²
Coordinates 6.752278 N, 25.207170 E
Designation Faunal Reserve
Habitat types Subtropical/tropical swamp forest, subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, savanna

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status

The presence of chimpanzees was reported during a survey prior to 2010; two nests and a footprint were found (Plumptre et al. 2010). There is a clear need for surveys to determine the current status of chimpanzees at the site (Plumptre et al. 2010).

Table 2. Ape population estimates in Zemongo Faunal Reserve

Species Year Abundance estimate (95% CI) Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) Encounter rate (nests/km) Area Method Source Comments A.P.E.S. database ID
Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii

Threats

The human population is small along the border with Sudan, where chimpanzees inhabit forests. However, Zemongo is the only protected area in the region, and illegal poachers and armed militia coming from Sudan are increasingly common, as well as shepherds and refugees from South Sudan (GRASP).

Table 3. Threats to apes in Zemongo Faunal Reserve

Category Specific threats Threat level Quantified severity Description Year of threat
1. Residential & commercial development Unknown
2. Agriculture & aquaculture Unknown
3. Energy production & mining Unknown
4. Transportation & service corridors Unknown
5. Biological resource use 5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals High Intense hunting in the buffer zone of the reserve (Varty 2005). Ongoing (2005)
6. Human intrusion & disturbance Unknown
7. Natural system modifications Unknown
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases Unknown
9. Pollution Unknown
10. Geological Events Absent
11. Climate change & severe weather Unknown
12. Other options Absent

IUCN Threats list

Conservation activities

Despite the absence of conservation activities in the region, CAR’s National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan proposes rehabilitation of the reserve. This objective is reiterated in CAR’s National Operation Plan for COMIFAC (Plumptre et al. 2010).

Table 4. Conservation activities in Zemongo Faunal Reserve

Category Specific activity Description Year of activity
1. Residential & commercial development Not reported
2. Agriculture & aquaculture Not reported
3. Energy production & mining Not reported
4. Transportation & service corridors Not reported
5. Biological resource use Not reported
6. Human intrusion & disturbance Not reported
7. Natural system modifications Not reported
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases Not reported
9. Pollution Not reported
10. Education & Awareness Not reported
11. Habitat Protection Not reported
12. Species Management Not reported
13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives Not reported

Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)

Challenges

Table 5. Challenges reported for Zemongo Faunal Reserve

Challenge Source
Not reported

Research activities

Documented behaviours

Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Zemongo Faunal Reserve

Behavior Source
Not reported

External links

Relevant datasets

A.P.E.S Portal

References

Hughes. R. H.. Hughes. J. S.. A directory of African wetlands. 23 April 2011. 1992. IUCN. 978-2-88032-949-5. 485.
Plumptre, A.J., Rose, R., Nangendo, G., Williamson, E.A., Didier, K., Hart, J., Mulindahabi, F., Hicks, C., Griffin, B., Ogawa, H., Nixon, S., Pintea, L., Vosper, A., McClennan, M., Amsini, F., McNeilage, A., Makana, J.R., Kanamori, M., Hernandez, A., Piel, A., Stewart, F., Moore, J., Zamma, K., Nakamura, M., Kamenya, S., Idani, G., Sakamaki, T., Yoshikawa, M., Greer, D., Tranquilli, S., Beyers, R., Furuichi, T., Hashimoto, C. and Bennett, E. (2010). Eastern Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii): Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan 2010–2020. IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland. 52pp.
Varty, N. (2005). Central African Republic. World Atlas of Great Apes and Their Conservation. UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Center, 314.


Page completed by: A.P.E.S. Wiki team Date: 15/01/2022

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