Bantankiline

West Africa > Senegal > Bantankiline

Cite as: Diallo, D. (2023) Bantankiline. A.P.E.S. Wiki. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from https://wiki.iucnapesportal.org/index.php/Bantankiline

Summary

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• Western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) are present in Bantankiline.
• The population size is unknown.
• The chimpanzee population trend is decreasing.
• The site has a total size of XXXX km².
• Key threats to chimpanzees are
• Conservation activities are not documented.

Site characteristics

This unprotected area is located in the Kedougou region, around 30 km from the Niokolo Koba National Park (PNNK) in south-eastern Senegal. Bantankiline is close to the village of Marougounding near the hamlet of Fongoli, home to the only group of chimpanzees in Senegal accustomed to human presence (Pruetz et al., 2008).

Table 1. Basic site information for Bantankiline

Area
Coordinates	12.433008, -11.965861
Designation	Non-protected area
Habitat types	Savanna, subtropical/tropical dry forest

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status

Surveys have taken place in the site between July and October 2018 and between October 2020 and October 2021. During these surveys, a total of 809 chimpanzee nests were recorded while walking a total distance of 155.1 km distributed along 37 recce transects, which averaged 4.19 km per transect (Diallo et al. 2022).

Table 2. Ape population estimates in Bantankiline

Species	Year	Abundance estimate (95% CI)	Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)	Encounter rate (nests/km)	Area	Method	Source	Comments	A.P.E.S. database ID
Pan troglodytes verus	2020-2021				Bantankiline	Index survey (reconnaissance walk)	Diallo et al. 2022	181 nests recorded in 2020; 256 nests recorded in 2021
Pan troglodytes verus	2018				Bantankiline	Index survey (reconnaissance walk)	Diallo et al. 2022, Diallo 2018	372 nests recorded

Threats

Key indirect threats to chimpanzees in the area include deforestation linked to wood for carpentry and construction, consolidation of gold pits, charcoal production, transhumance. Artisanal gold panning is not yet very present in the area, but the risk of this process accelerating is high. Deforestation is currently very marked in Bantankiline. The main causes are charcoal production and the use of wood to consolidate gold pits, commonly known as "Diouras" in the local language. The trees are cut right down to the level of the forest galleries that form the heart of the chimpanzees' nesting sites. Diallo (2018) had counted and geolocated several tree trunks cut by loggers along the forest galleries of Bantankiline. We found that, in general, the plant species targeted by loggers are also very often used by chimpanzees for nesting. These are mainly Pterocarpus erinaceus, Khaya senegalensis, Anogeissus leiocarpus and Diospyros mespiliformis. These species are therefore important for chimpanzee-nesting in Senegal. An anthropogenic factor that has been accelerating in recent years and is having a very negative impact on chimpanzee habitats in Senegal is transhumance. Transhumants cut down plants that have a high fodder value, even if they are located in chimpanzee habitats (gallery forests, plateau ledges, hills, migration corridors, etc.). The species most targeted for livestock feed are P. erinaceus, Ficus sp. and K. senegalensis. Transhumant herders move up into areas of difficult access, such as hills and forest galleries to exploit them.

Table 3. Threats to apes in Bantankiline

Category	Specific threats	Threat level	Quantified severity	Description	Year of threat
1. Residential & commercial development	1.1 Housing & urban areas	Medium		Diallo et al. 2022, Diallo 2018	Ongoing (2023)
2. Agriculture & aquaculture	2.3 Livestock farming & ranching	High		Presence of transhumance (Diallo et al. 2022, Diallo 2018).	Ongoing (2023)
3. Energy production & mining	3.2 Mining & quarrying	Medium		Artisanal gold mining is at risk of increasing.	Ongoing (2023)
4. Transportation & service corridors		Unknown
5. Biological resource use	5.3 Logging & wood harvesting	High		Diallo et al. 2022, Diallo 2018	Ongoing (2023)
6. Human intrusion & disturbance		Unknown
7. Natural system modifications		Unknown
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases		Unknown
9. Pollution		Unknown
10. Geological Events		Absent
11. Climate change & severe weather		Unknown
12. Other options		Absent

IUCN Threats list

Conservation activities

Table 4. Conservation activities in Bantankiline

Category	Specific activity	Description	Year of activity
1. Residential & commercial development	Not reported
2. Agriculture & aquaculture	Not reported
3. Energy production & mining	Not reported
4. Transportation & service corridors	Not reported
5. Biological resource use	Not reported
6. Human intrusion & disturbance	Not reported
7. Natural system modifications	Not reported
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases	Not reported
9. Pollution	Not reported
10. Education & Awareness	Not reported
11. Habitat Protection	Not reported
12. Species Management	Not reported
13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives	Not reported

Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)

Challenges

Table 5. Challenges reported for Bantankiline

Challenge	Source
Not reported

Research activities

Documented behaviours

Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Bantankiline

Behavior	Source
Not reported

References

Diallo B (2018). Étude du comportement de nidification du chimpanzé de l’Afrique de l’Ouest, Pan troglodytes verus, à Bantankiline (Kédougou, Sénégal), mémoire de master en Écologie et Gestion des Écosystèmes, département de biologie animale/FST,34pp.
Diallo D, Ndiaye PI, Badji L, Micheletti K, Diallo B, Pruetz JD (2022). Nidification du chimpanzé de savane (Pan troglodytes verus) dans la zone non protégée de Bantankiline (Kédougou, Sénégal), Bulletin Societe Royale Sciences Liege, 2022, 91(1), 84-104, doi :10.25518/0037-956.10926.
Pruetz, J.D., Fulton, S.J., Marchant, L.F., McGrew, W.C., Schiel, M. et Waller, M. (2008). Arboreal nesting as anti-predator adaptation by Savanna Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in southeastern Senegal. American Journal of Primatology, 70:393– 401. doi: 10.1002/ajp.20508.

Page completed by: Dame Diallo Date: 06/07/2023