Difference between revisions of "Mwagna National Park"

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[[Central Africa]] > [[Gabon]] > [[Mwagna National Park]]
 
[[Central Africa]] > [[Gabon]] > [[Mwagna National Park]]
  
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= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
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'''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Mwagna_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Français]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Mwagna_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=pt&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Português]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Mwagna_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=es&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Español]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Mwagna_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=id&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Bahasa Indonesia]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Mwagna_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Melayu]'''
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{{#display_map: height=240px | width=320px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=7 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap
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__TOC__
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|0.472048, 13.778030~[[Mwagna National Park]]~Central chimpanzees and western lowland gorillas
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= Summary =
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}}
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<div style="float: right">{{#display_map: height=190px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap|0.472048, 13.778030~[[Mwagna National Park]]~Gorilla gorilla gorilla, Pan troglodytes troglodytes}}</div>
 
* Central chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes troglodytes'') & western lowland gorillas (''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'') are present in Mwagna National Park.
 
* Central chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes troglodytes'') & western lowland gorillas (''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'') are present in Mwagna National Park.
 
* The population sizes are unknown.
 
* The population sizes are unknown.
Line 23: Line 15:
 
* The site is part of the TRIDOM (Trinational Dja-Odzala-Minkébé) landscape.
 
* The site is part of the TRIDOM (Trinational Dja-Odzala-Minkébé) landscape.
  
−
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
+
 
 +
= Site characteristics =
  
 
The site is located in the far east of Gabon, bordering the Republic of Congo. The park is home to forest elephants, hogs, western lowland gorillas, bongo antelopes, and rare endemic bird and plant species ([https://www.discovergabon.com/park Discover Gabon]). The site is part of the TRIDOM (Trinational Dja-Odzala-Minkébé) landscape.
 
The site is located in the far east of Gabon, bordering the Republic of Congo. The park is home to forest elephants, hogs, western lowland gorillas, bongo antelopes, and rare endemic bird and plant species ([https://www.discovergabon.com/park Discover Gabon]). The site is part of the TRIDOM (Trinational Dja-Odzala-Minkébé) landscape.
  
 
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Mwagna National Park'''
 
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Mwagna National Park'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Site_characteristics-table"
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| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
+
|Species
 +
|Gorilla gorilla gorilla, Pan troglodytes troglodytes
 +
|-
 +
|Area
 
|1160  km²
 
|1160  km²
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Coordinates
 
|Coordinates
−
|0.472048, 13.778030
+
|Lat: 0.472048 , Lon:  13.778030
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Designation
+
|Type of site
−
|National Park
+
|Protected area (National Park)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
+
|Habitat types
 
|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest
 
|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest
 +
|-
 +
|Type of governance
 +
|
 
|}
 
|}
−
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
 
  
−
= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
+
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
 +
= Ape status =
  
 
A 2004 survey revealed that the gorilla population in the park was severely impacted by Ebola outbreaks, as the gorillas that were present in 2001 were all gone. During the survey only five very old nests and a termite mound which had been eaten into a long time ago (at least a year and probably more) were recorded. No ape feeding signs were seen (Maisels et al. 2004). Between 2004 and 2012 there was an increase in the encounter rate of nests (Maisels & Akou 2013).
 
A 2004 survey revealed that the gorilla population in the park was severely impacted by Ebola outbreaks, as the gorillas that were present in 2001 were all gone. During the survey only five very old nests and a termite mound which had been eaten into a long time ago (at least a year and probably more) were recorded. No ape feeding signs were seen (Maisels et al. 2004). Between 2004 and 2012 there was an increase in the encounter rate of nests (Maisels & Akou 2013).
  
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'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Mwagna National Park'''
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'''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Mwagna National Park'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Ape_status-table"
−
! Species
+
!Species
−
! Year
+
!Year
−
! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
+
!Abundance estimate (95% CI)
−
! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
+
!Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
−
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
+
!Encounter rate (nests/km)
−
! Area
+
!Area
−
! Method
+
!Method
−
! Source
+
!Source
−
! Comments
+
!Comments
−
! A.P.E.S. database ID
+
!A.P.E.S. database ID
 
|-
 
|-
 
|''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'' & ''Pan troglodytes troglodytes''
 
|''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'' & ''Pan troglodytes troglodytes''
Line 66: Line 65:
 
|
 
|
 
|Mwagna National Park
 
|Mwagna National Park
−
|Index survey (reconnaissance walk)
+
|Reconnaissance walk
 
|Maisels et al. 2004
 
|Maisels et al. 2004
 
|No great apes recorded after the Ebola outbreak.
 
|No great apes recorded after the Ebola outbreak.
Line 77: Line 76:
 
|0.6
 
|0.6
 
|Mwagna National Park
 
|Mwagna National Park
−
|Line transects and index survey (reconnaissance walk)
+
|Line transects & recces
 
|Maisels & Akou 2013
 
|Maisels & Akou 2013
 
|
 
|
Line 83: Line 82:
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
= Threats =     <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
+
= Threats =
  
 
A drastic reduction in ape numbers occurred between 2001 and 2004 almost certainly due to Ebola outbreaks (Maisels et al. 2004).
 
A drastic reduction in ape numbers occurred between 2001 and 2004 almost certainly due to Ebola outbreaks (Maisels et al. 2004).
  
−
'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Mwagna National Park'''
+
'''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Mwagna National Park'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Threats-table"
−
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
+
!Category
−
!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
+
!Specific threats
−
!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
+
!Threat level
−
!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->
+
!Description
−
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
+
!Year of threat
−
!Year of threat <!--  Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|1. Residential & commercial development
+
|1 Residential & commercial development
 
|
 
|
 
|Unknown
 
|Unknown
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
+
|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
 
|
 
|
 
|Unknown
 
|Unknown
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|3. Energy production & mining
+
|3 Energy production & mining
 
|
 
|
 
|Unknown
 
|Unknown
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|4. Transportation & service corridors
+
|4 Transportation & service corridors
 
|
 
|
 
|Unknown
 
|Unknown
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|5. Biological resource use
+
|5 Biological resource use
 
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
 
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
 
|Present, bu threat level unknown
 
|Present, bu threat level unknown
−
|
 
 
|A survey in 2004 documented the presence of hunting trails (Maisels et al. 2004). One machete cut was recorded inside the park during a survey in 2012; outside the park, snares and shotgun shells were recorded (Maisels & Akou 2013).
 
|A survey in 2004 documented the presence of hunting trails (Maisels et al. 2004). One machete cut was recorded inside the park during a survey in 2012; outside the park, snares and shotgun shells were recorded (Maisels & Akou 2013).
 
|Ongoing (2013)
 
|Ongoing (2013)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
+
|6 Human intrusions & disturbance
 
|
 
|
 
|Unknown
 
|Unknown
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|7. Natural system modifications
+
|7 Natural system modifications
 
|
 
|
 
|Unknown
 
|Unknown
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
+
|8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases
−
|8.5 Viral/prion-induced diseases
+
|8.4 Pathogens
 
|High
 
|High
−
|
 
 
|Ebola outbreaks in the early 2000s decimated the gorilla population in the park (Maisels & Akou 2013, Bermejo et al. 2006)
 
|Ebola outbreaks in the early 2000s decimated the gorilla population in the park (Maisels & Akou 2013, Bermejo et al. 2006)
 
|2002-2003
 
|2002-2003
 
|-
 
|-
−
|9. Pollution
+
|9 Pollution
 
|
 
|
 
|Unknown
 
|Unknown
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|10. Geological Events
+
|10 Geological events
 
|
 
|
 
|Absent
 
|Absent
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 11. Climate change & severe weather
+
|11 Climate change & severe weather
 
|
 
|
 
|Unknown
 
|Unknown
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|12. Other options
+
|12 Other threat
 
|
 
|
 
|Absent
 
|Absent
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 +
|}
 +
 +
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
 +
= Conservation activities =
 +
 +
 +
 +
'''Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Mwagna National Park'''
 +
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Conservation_activities-table"
 +
!Category
 +
!Specific activity
 +
!Description
 +
!Implementing organization(s)
 +
!Year of activity
 +
|-
 +
|5 Protection & restoration
 +
|5.2 Legally protect ape habitat
 +
|The site is a national park.
 
|
 
|
−
|-
+
|Ongoing (2023)
 
|}
 
|}
−
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
 
  
−
= Conservation activities =       <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
+
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
 +
= Challenges =
  
−
'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Mwagna National Park'''
+
 
−
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
+
 
−
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
+
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Mwagna National Park'''
−
!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
+
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Challenges-table"
−
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
+
!Challenges
−
!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
+
!Specific challenges
 +
!Source
 +
!Year(s)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|1. Residential & commercial development
+
|
 
|Not reported
 
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 +
|}
 +
 +
= Enablers =
 +
 +
 +
 +
'''Table 6. Enablers reported for Mwagna National Park'''
 +
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="enabler-table"
 +
!Enablers
 +
!Specific enablers
 +
!Source
 +
!Year(s)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
+
|1 Site management
−
|Not reported
+
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|3. Energy production & mining
+
|2 Resources and capacity
−
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|4. Transportation & service corridors
 
−
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|5. Biological resource use
+
|3 Engaged community
−
|Not reported
 
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
−
|-
 
−
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
 
−
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|7. Natural system modifications
+
|4 Institutional support
−
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
 
−
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|9. Pollution
+
|5 Ecological context
−
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
|-
 
−
|10. Education & Awareness
 
−
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|11. Habitat Protection
 
−
|11.2. Legally protect primate habitat
 
−
|The site is a national park.
 
−
|Ongoing (2023)
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|12. Species Management
+
|6 Safety and stability
−
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
|-
 
−
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
 
−
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
−
|
 
−
|-
 
 
|}
 
|}
−
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
 
  
−
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
+
= Research activities =
 +
 
  
−
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Mwagna National Park'''
 
−
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
 
−
!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
 
−
!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
 
−
|-
 
−
|Not reported
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|}
 
  
−
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
+
= Documented behaviours =
 +
 
  
−
===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
 
  
−
'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Mwagna National Park'''
+
'''Table 7. Behaviours documented for Mwagna National Park'''
−
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
+
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviours-table"
−
!align="left"|Behavior
+
!Behavior
 
!Source
 
!Source
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Not reported
 
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
−
|-
 
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
=External links=
+
= Exposure to climate change impacts =
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
= External links =
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
= Relevant datasets =
 +
 
  
  
 
= References =
 
= References =
−
Bermejo, M., Rodríguez-Teijeiro, J. D., Illera, G., Barroso, A., Vilà, C., & Walsh, P. D. (2006). Ebola outbreak killed 5000 gorillas. Science, 314(5805), 1564-1564. <br>
 
−
Maisels, F. and Akou, M.E. (2013). Mwagne National Park: Report on survey transects 2012. WWF unpublished report. <br>
 
−
Maisels, F., Akou, M.E., Douckaga, M. & Moundounga, A. (2004). Mwagne National Park Trip Report, Nov-Dec 2004 Large Mammals and Human Impact. WCS unpublished report.<br>
 
  
−
<br>
+
Bermejo, M., Rodríguez-Teijeiro, J. D., Illera, G., Barroso, A., Vilà, C., & Walsh, P. D. (2006). Ebola outbreak killed 5000 gorillas. Science, 314(5805), 1564-1564.
−
'''Page completed by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki team''' Date:''' 11/07/2023 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
+
 
 +
Maisels, F. and Akou, M.E. (2013). Mwagne National Park: Report on survey transects 2012. WWF unpublished report.
 +
 
 +
Maisels, F., Akou, M.E., Douckaga, M. & Moundounga, A. (2004). Mwagne National Park Trip Report, Nov-Dec 2004 Large Mammals and Human Impact. WCS unpublished report.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
'''Page created by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki team''' Date:''' NA

Latest revision as of 11:10, 24 January 2025

Central Africa > Gabon > Mwagna National Park

Français | Português | Español | Bahasa Indonesia | Melayu

Summary

+−
Leaflet | Map data: © OpenStreetMap, SRTM | Map style: © OpenTopoMap (CC-BY-SA), © OpenStreetMap
  • Central chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) & western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) are present in Mwagna National Park.
  • The population sizes are unknown.
  • The great ape population trend is unknown.
  • The site has a total size of 1160 km².
  • Key threats to great apes are hunting and disease outbreaks.
  • Conservation activities are not documented.
  • The site is part of the TRIDOM (Trinational Dja-Odzala-Minkébé) landscape.


Site characteristics

The site is located in the far east of Gabon, bordering the Republic of Congo. The park is home to forest elephants, hogs, western lowland gorillas, bongo antelopes, and rare endemic bird and plant species (Discover Gabon). The site is part of the TRIDOM (Trinational Dja-Odzala-Minkébé) landscape.

Table 1. Basic site information for Mwagna National Park

Species Gorilla gorilla gorilla, Pan troglodytes troglodytes
Area 1160 km²
Coordinates Lat: 0.472048 , Lon: 13.778030
Type of site Protected area (National Park)
Habitat types Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest
Type of governance

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status

A 2004 survey revealed that the gorilla population in the park was severely impacted by Ebola outbreaks, as the gorillas that were present in 2001 were all gone. During the survey only five very old nests and a termite mound which had been eaten into a long time ago (at least a year and probably more) were recorded. No ape feeding signs were seen (Maisels et al. 2004). Between 2004 and 2012 there was an increase in the encounter rate of nests (Maisels & Akou 2013).

Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Mwagna National Park

Species Year Abundance estimate (95% CI) Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) Encounter rate (nests/km) Area Method Source Comments A.P.E.S. database ID
Gorilla gorilla gorilla & Pan troglodytes troglodytes 2004 0 Mwagna National Park Reconnaissance walk Maisels et al. 2004 No great apes recorded after the Ebola outbreak.
Gorilla gorilla gorilla & Pan troglodytes troglodytes 2012 0.6 Mwagna National Park Line transects & recces Maisels & Akou 2013

Threats

A drastic reduction in ape numbers occurred between 2001 and 2004 almost certainly due to Ebola outbreaks (Maisels et al. 2004).

Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Mwagna National Park

Category Specific threats Threat level Description Year of threat
1 Residential & commercial development Unknown
2 Agriculture & aquaculture Unknown
3 Energy production & mining Unknown
4 Transportation & service corridors Unknown
5 Biological resource use 5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals Present, bu threat level unknown A survey in 2004 documented the presence of hunting trails (Maisels et al. 2004). One machete cut was recorded inside the park during a survey in 2012; outside the park, snares and shotgun shells were recorded (Maisels & Akou 2013). Ongoing (2013)
6 Human intrusions & disturbance Unknown
7 Natural system modifications Unknown
8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases 8.4 Pathogens High Ebola outbreaks in the early 2000s decimated the gorilla population in the park (Maisels & Akou 2013, Bermejo et al. 2006) 2002-2003
9 Pollution Unknown
10 Geological events Absent
11 Climate change & severe weather Unknown
12 Other threat Absent

IUCN Threats list

Conservation activities

Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Mwagna National Park

Category Specific activity Description Implementing organization(s) Year of activity
5 Protection & restoration 5.2 Legally protect ape habitat The site is a national park. Ongoing (2023)

Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)

Challenges

Table 5. Challenges reported for Mwagna National Park

Challenges Specific challenges Source Year(s)
Not reported

Enablers

Table 6. Enablers reported for Mwagna National Park

Enablers Specific enablers Source Year(s)
1 Site management
2 Resources and capacity
3 Engaged community
4 Institutional support
5 Ecological context
6 Safety and stability

Research activities

Documented behaviours

Table 7. Behaviours documented for Mwagna National Park

Behavior Source
Not reported

Exposure to climate change impacts

External links

Relevant datasets

References

Bermejo, M., Rodríguez-Teijeiro, J. D., Illera, G., Barroso, A., Vilà, C., & Walsh, P. D. (2006). Ebola outbreak killed 5000 gorillas. Science, 314(5805), 1564-1564.

Maisels, F. and Akou, M.E. (2013). Mwagne National Park: Report on survey transects 2012. WWF unpublished report.

Maisels, F., Akou, M.E., Douckaga, M. & Moundounga, A. (2004). Mwagne National Park Trip Report, Nov-Dec 2004 Large Mammals and Human Impact. WCS unpublished report.


Page created by: A.P.E.S. Wiki team Date: NA

Retrieved from "https://wiki.iucnapesportal.org/index.php?title=Mwagna_National_Park&oldid=7819"