Conservation activities

1. Development impact mitigation
1.1 Provide sacrificial rows of crops on outer side of agricultural fields
1.2 Pay farmers to cover the costs of non-harmful strategies to deter apes from agricultural fields
1.3 Prohibit (livestock) farmers from entering protected areas
1.4 Farm more intensively and effectively in selected areas and spare more natural land
1.5 Install mechanical barriers or use natural hedges to deter apes
1.6 Change of crop (i.e., to a crop less palatable to apes)
1.7 Plant crops favoured by apes away from primate areas
1.8 Use set-aside areas of natural habitat (e.g., mining, logging, agricultural areas)
1.9 Install green bridges (overpasses) or canopy bridges over transportation or service corridors
1.10 Reduce road widths
1.11 Avoid building roads in key habitat or migration routes
1.12 Use selective logging instead of clear-cutting
1.13 Avoid/minimize logging of important food tree species for primates
1.14 Close non-essential roads as soon as mining/logging operations are complete
1.15 Certify products from agriculture, mining or logging and market them as "ape friendly"
1.16 Provide domestic meat to workers of a logging/mining project to reduce hunting
1.17 Reduce noise pollution by restricting development activities to certain times of the day/night
2. Counter-wildlife crime
2.1 Implement road blocks to inspect cars for illegal ape bushmeat
2.2 Provide medicine to local communities to control killing of apes for medicinal purposes
2.3 Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols
2.4 Introduce ammunition tax
2.5 Inspect bushmeat markets for ape species
2.6 Regularly de-activate/remove ground snares
2.7 Provide better equipment (e.g., guns) to anti-poaching ranger patrols
2.8 Provide training to anti-poaching ranger patrols
2.9 Strengthen/support/re-install traditions/taboos that forbid the killing of primates
2.10 Inform hunters of the dangers (e.g., disease transmission) of handling ape meat
2.11 Implement monitoring surveillance strategies (e.g., SMART) or use monitoring data to improve effectiveness of wildlife law enforcement patrols
2.12 Implement community control of patrolling, banning hunting and removing snares
2.13 Provide sustainable alternative livelihoods; establish fish- or domestic meat farms
2.14 Employ hunters in the conservation sector to reduce their impact
3. Species health
3.1 Wear face-masks to avoid transmission of viral and bacterial diseases to primates
3.2 Keep safety distance to habituated apes
3.3 Limit time that researchers/tourists are allowed to spend with habituated apes
3.4 Implement quarantine for people arriving at, and leaving the site
3.5 Implement quarantine and veterinary screens of animals before reintroduction/translocation
3.6 Ensure that researchers/tourists are up-to-date with vaccinations and healthy
3.7 Regularly disinfect clothes, boots etc.
3.8 Wear gloves when handling primate food, tool items, etc.
3.9 Preventative vaccination of habituated or wild apes
3.10 Treat sick/injured apes (no permanent vet on site)
3.11 Implement continuous health monitoring (with permanent vet on site)
3.12 Detect & report dead apes and clinically determine their cause of death to avoid disease transmission
3.13 Implement a health programme for local communities
3.14 Reduce garbage/human food waste to avoid ape injuries and disease transmission
4. Education & awareness
4.1 Educate local communities about apes and sustainable use
4.2 Involve local community in ape research and conservation management
4.3 Install billboards to raise ape conservation awareness
4.4 Regularly play TV & radio announcements to raise ape conservation awareness
4.5 Implement multimedia campaigns using theatre, film, print media, discussions
4.6 Integrate religion/local taboos into conservation education
5. Protection & restoration
5.1 Create buffer zones around protected ape habitat
5.2 Legally protect ape habitat
5.3 Establish areas for conservation which are not protected by national or international legislation (e.g., private sector standards & codes)
5.4 Create natural habitat patches (including corridors)
5.5 Demarcate and enforce boundaries of protected areas
5.6 Habitat restoration (e.g., tree planting)
5.7 Build fences to keep humans out
5.8 Restrict number of people that are allowed access to site
5.9 Resettle illegal human communities (i.e., in a protected area) to another location
5.10 Use prescribed burning within the context of home range size and use
5.11 Protect important food/nest trees before burning
6. Species management
6.1 Habituate primates to human presence to reduce stress from tourists/researchers etc.
6.2 Guard habituated ape groups to ensure their safety/well-being
6.3 Provide salt licks for apes
6.4 Provide supplementary food for apes
6.5 Provide additional sleeping platforms/nesting sites for apes
6.6 Provide artificial water sources for apes
6.7 Translocate (capture & release) wild apes from human impacted sites to natural habitat elsewhere
6.8 Reintroduction of apes (captively-bred or rehabilitated indviduals)
6.9 Rehabilitate injured/orphaned apes
7. Economic & other incentives
7.1 Provide monetary benefits to local communities for sustainably managing their forest and its wildlife (e.g., REDD, alternative income, employment)
7.2 Provide non-monetary benefits to local communities for sustainably managing their forest and its wildlife (e.g., better education, infrastructure development)
8. Permanent presence
8.1 Run research project and ensure permanent human presence at site
8.2 Run tourist projects and ensure permanent human presence at site
8.3 Permanent presence of staff/manager