Difference between revisions of "Diécké Classified Forest"

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[[West Africa]] > [[Republic of Guinea]] > [[Diécké Classified Forest]]
 
[[West Africa]] > [[Republic of Guinea]] > [[Diécké Classified Forest]]
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−
 
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SITE UNDER PROGRESS
 
  
 
= Summary =  <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->
 
= Summary =  <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->
  
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* Western chimpanzees ([https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15935/17989872 Pan troglodytes verus]) are present in Diécké Classified Forest.
+
* Western chimpanzees ([https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15935/17989872 ''Pan troglodytes verus'']) are present in Diécké Classified Forest.
−
* It has been estimated that 80 chimpanzees occur in the forest.
+
* It has been estimated that 80 (CI: 25-253) individuals occur in the forest.
−
* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
+
* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.  
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* This site has a total size of 640 km².
+
* This site has a total size of 640 km².  
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* Key threats to chimpanzees are poaching and habitat destruction.
+
* Key threats to chimpanzees are poaching and habitat destruction.  
−
* The following conservation activities were conducted by the Centre Forestier de N'Zérékoré: land-use planning, reforestation and monitoring of illegal hunting.
+
* The following conservation activities were conducted by the Centre Forestier de N'Zérékoré: land-use planning, reforestation and monitoring of illegal hunting.  
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* Diécké Classified Forest is one of the last biodiversity rich forest blocks remaining in southern Guinea.
+
* Diécké Classified Forest is one of the last biodiversity rich forest blocks remaining in southern Guinea.  
  
 
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
 
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
  
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Diécké is a forest in southern Guinea close to the border with Liberia (7°39'N - 7°21'N and 9°06'W - 8°47'W) and was designated as a Classified Forest in 1945 (IUCN category not reported, [https://www.protectedplanet.net/diecke-classified-forest UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2018]). The forest is located in Guinée forestière, one of four Guinean natural regions, and is part of the region N'Zérékoré. It is about 100km west of Bossou and 950 km from the Guinean capital Conakry (Carvalho 2011). The forest has a size of 640 km², 70% of which are dense forest and the remainder being sparsely forested areas, fallows, and open land (WCF 2012).
+
Diécké is a forest in southern Guinea close to the border with Liberia (7°39'N - 7°21'N and 9°06'W - 8°47'W) and was designated as a Classified Forest in 1945 (IUCN category not reported, [https://www.protectedplanet.net/diecke-classified-forest UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2018]). The forest is located in Guinée forestière, one of four Guinean natural regions, and is part of the region N'Zérékoré. It is about 100km west of Bossou and 950 km from the Guinean capital Conakry (Carvalho 2011). The forest has a size of 640 km², 70% of which are dense forest and the remainder being sparsely forested areas, fallows, and open land ([http://www.wildchimps.org  WCF 2012]). Diécké forest has a rich biodiversity with hippopotamus (''Hippopotamus amphibius''), duikers, and several primate species, including chimpanzees (WCF 2012). It is also listed as an Important Bird Area and harbors several species of plants and amphibians. Together with Ziama forest, this is one of the last remaining large forest blocks in southern Guinea. The terrain is partly hilly and ranges in altitude from 50-800m (Carvalho 2012).  
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Diécké forest has a rich biodiversity with hippos, duikers, and several primate species, including chimpanzees ([http://www.wildchimps.org  WCF 2012]). It is also listed as an Important Bird Area and harbors several species of plants and amphibians. Together with Ziama forest, this is one of the last remaining large forest blocks in southern Guinea. The terrain is partly hilly and ranges in altitude from 50-800m (Carvalho 2012).
 
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'''Table 1: Basic site information for Diécké Classified Forest
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'''Table 1: Basic site information for Diécké Classified Forest'''
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
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| Area:             <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha    -->
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| Area            <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha    -->
−
|640 km²
+
|640 km²  
 +
|-
 +
| Coordinates
 +
|8.94 W, 7.54 N
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Designation:     <!-- Protected area, Forestry concession, Community reserve   -->
+
| Designation      <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc.   -->
−
|Classified Forest
+
|Classified Forest  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Habitat types:   <!-- IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present, e.g.  . see link below -->
+
|Habitat types    <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (Without number), see link below -->
−
|Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland Forest
+
|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest
 
|}
 
|}
−
[[http://www.unitar.org/hiroshima/sites/unitar.org.hiroshima/files/Annex%201%20-%20IUCN%20Classification%20Schemes.pdf IUCN habitat categories]]
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[http://www.unitar.org/hiroshima/sites/unitar.org.hiroshima/files/Annex%201%20-%20IUCN%20Classification%20Schemes.pdf IUCN habitat categories]   [[Site designations]]
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[[https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-area-categories IUCN Protected area categories]]
+
<br>
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= Ape status =  <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
 
= Ape status =  <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
  
 
Based on a nation-wide questionnaire survey, the presence of western chimpanzee was confirmed by Sugiyama & Soumah (1988). In a nationwide survey Rebecca Kormos identified Ziama Biosphere Reserve as the second most important priority area for western chimpanzee conservation in Guinea due to high chimpanzee densities encountered during reconnaissance surveys (Ham 1998). A nationwide survey by the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation estimated the chimpanzee population size at around 80 individuals (WCF 2012).  
 
Based on a nation-wide questionnaire survey, the presence of western chimpanzee was confirmed by Sugiyama & Soumah (1988). In a nationwide survey Rebecca Kormos identified Ziama Biosphere Reserve as the second most important priority area for western chimpanzee conservation in Guinea due to high chimpanzee densities encountered during reconnaissance surveys (Ham 1998). A nationwide survey by the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation estimated the chimpanzee population size at around 80 individuals (WCF 2012).  
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A nationwide survey by Rebecca Kormos (née Ham) confirmed the presence of western chimpanzees in Diécké Classified Forest (Ham 1998). A nationwide survey by the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation estimated the chimpanzee population size at around 80 individuals (WCF 2012).
 
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<br>
 
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'''Table 2: Great ape population estimates in Diécké Classified Forest'''
 
'''Table 2: Great ape population estimates in Diécké Classified Forest'''
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! Species
 
! Species
 
! Year
 
! Year
−
! Abundance estimate (95% Confidence Intervall)
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! Abundance estimate (95% confidence interval)
−
! Density estimate (per km2)
+
! Density estimate (per km²)
−
! Encounter rate
+
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
 
! Area
 
! Area
 
! Method
 
! Method
Line 66: Line 60:
 
! A.P.E.S. database ID
 
! A.P.E.S. database ID
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Western chimpanzee
+
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
 
|1988
 
|1988
−
|50 individuals
+
|50
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|Diécké forest
 
|Diécké forest
−
|questionnaire survey
+
|Interview method
−
|Sugiyama & Soumah 1988  
+
|Sugiyama & Soumah 1988
−
|
+
|Questionnaire survey
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Western chimpanzee
+
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
 
|1997
 
|1997
 
|209-307
 
|209-307
−
|0.17 individuals/km2
+
|0.17  
−
|2.6 nests/km
+
|2.6  
 
|Diécké forest
 
|Diécké forest
−
|transect survey, DISTANCE analysis
+
|Line transects (Distance)
 
|Ham 1998
 
|Ham 1998
−
|total survey effort: 5.2 km
+
|Total survey effort: 5.2 km
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Western chimpanzee
+
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
 
|2012
 
|2012
 
|80 (25-253)
 
|80 (25-253)
−
|0.14 individuals/km2
+
|0.14
−
|0.3 nests/km
+
|0.3  
 
|Diécké forest
 
|Diécké forest
−
|transect survey, DISTANCE analysis
+
|Line transects (Distance)
 
|WCF 2012
 
|WCF 2012
−
|total survey effort:144.8km
+
|Total survey effort:144.8km
 
|
 
|
 
|}
 
|}
−
 
  
 
= Threats =    <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
 
= Threats =    <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
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Illegal poaching represents the major threat to the chimpanzee population in the park (WCF 2012, Ham 1998). More than 500,000 immigrants migrated to this area beginning in 1989 from Sierra Leone and Liberia resulting in a strong increase in illegal logging (Carvalho 2011). There was also an increase in plantations of oil palm, rubber, and crops (Carvalho 2011).
 
Illegal poaching represents the major threat to the chimpanzee population in the park (WCF 2012, Ham 1998). More than 500,000 immigrants migrated to this area beginning in 1989 from Sierra Leone and Liberia resulting in a strong increase in illegal logging (Carvalho 2011). There was also an increase in plantations of oil palm, rubber, and crops (Carvalho 2011).
  
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<br>
 
 
'''Table 3: Threats to great apes in Diécké Classified Forest'''
 
'''Table 3: Threats to great apes in Diécké Classified Forest'''
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
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!Specific threats    <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
 
!Specific threats    <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
 
!Threat level        <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: unknown, low, high -->
 
!Threat level        <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: unknown, low, high -->
 +
!Quantified severity <!-- e.g., encounter rate, number of miners etc. (with reference)-->
 
!Description        <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
 
!Description        <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
−
!Year of threat
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!Year of threat     <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets-->
 
|-
 
|-
 
|1. Residential & commercial development
 
|1. Residential & commercial development
 
|
 
|
−
|absent
+
|Absent
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
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|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
 
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
 
|2.1. Annual & Perennial Non-Timber Crops
 
|2.1. Annual & Perennial Non-Timber Crops
−
|high
+
|High
−
|plantations for oil palm and rubber, and other crops [2,6]
+
|0.30 signs of agriculture/km (43 signs of agriculture, survey effort: 144.853 km, WCF 2012)
−
|on-going
+
|Plantations for oil palm and rubber, and other crops (Carvalho 2011, UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2018)
 +
|Ongoing (2011, 2018)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|3. Energy production & mining
 
|3. Energy production & mining
 
|
 
|
−
|absent
+
|Absent
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|4. Transportation & service corridors
 
|4. Transportation & service corridors
−
|
+
|4.1. Roads & railroads
−
|absent
+
|Medium
−
|
+
|1.26 roads/km (182 roads, survey effort: 144.853 km, WCF 2012)
−
|
+
|Second highest encounter rate of all anthropogenic signs (WCF 2012)
 +
|Ongoing (2012)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|5. Biological resource use
 
|5. Biological resource use
−
|5.1.Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
+
|5.1. Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
−
|high
+
|High
−
|Illegal poaching is consistently mentioned as the most prevalent threat across reports [2,6].
+
|1.45 signs of hunting/km (210 signs of hunting, survey effort: 144.853 km, WCF 2012)
−
|on-going
+
|Illegal poaching is consistently mentioned as the most prevalent threat across reports (Carvalho 2011, UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2018)
 +
|Ongoing (2011, 2018)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|
 
|
 
|5.3. Logging & wood harvesting
 
|5.3. Logging & wood harvesting
−
|present
+
|Present
−
|Logging increased strongly when migrants arrived from Sierra Leone and Liberia in 1989 [2]. Signs of logging and charcoal production were found in a survey in 2011 [6]. 
+
|0.05 signs of wood extraction/km (7 signs of wood extraction, survey effort: 144.853 km, WCF 2012)
−
|on-going
+
|Logging increased strongly when migrants arrived from Sierra Leone and Liberia in 1989 (Carvalho 2011). Signs of logging and charcoal production were found in a survey in 2011 (WCF 2012)
 +
|Ongoing (2011, 2012)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
+
|6. Human intrusions & disturbance
 +
|
 +
|Absent
 
|
 
|
−
|absent
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
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|7. Natural system modifications
 
|7. Natural system modifications
 
|
 
|
−
|absent
+
|Absent
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
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|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
 
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
 
|
 
|
−
|unknow
+
|Unknown
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 170: Line 172:
 
|9. Pollution
 
|9. Pollution
 
|
 
|
−
|absent
+
|Absent
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
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|10. Geological Events
 
|10. Geological Events
 
|
 
|
−
|absent
+
|Absent
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
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| 11. Climate change & severe weather
 
| 11. Climate change & severe weather
 
|
 
|
−
|unknown
+
|Unknown
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
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|12. Other options
 
|12. Other options
 
|
 
|
−
|absent
+
|Absent
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
−
[[Threats list]]
+
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
  
 
= Conservation activities =      <!-- a text overview of conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
 
= Conservation activities =      <!-- a text overview of conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
  
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The Centre Forestier de N'Zérékoré is responsible for Diécké Classified Forest. In the 1990’s the forest was divided into three land-use zones, the outer two allowing for different degrees of human activities, while the core of the forest was designated a ‘integrally protected area’ (WCF 2012). After 2000 Progerfor (the Projet de Gestion des Ressources Forestières), a cooperation between Centre Forestier de N'Zérékoré  and German partners, conducted conservation activities, including reforestation and monitoring of illegal hunting (Carvalho 2011).
+
The Centre Forestier de N'Zérékoré is responsible for Diécké Classified Forest. In the 1990’s the forest was divided into three land-use zones, the outer two allowing for different degrees of human activities, while the core of the forest was designated a ‘integrally protected area’ (WCF 2012). After 2000 Progerfor (the Projet de Gestion des Ressources Forestières), a cooperation between Centre Forestier de N'Zérékoré  and German partners, conducted conservation activities, including reforestation and monitoring of illegal hunting (Carvalho 2011).  
−
<br><br>
 
  
−
'''Table 3: Conservation activities in Diécké Classified Forest'''
+
'''Table 4: Conservation activities in Diécké Classified Forest'''
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
 
!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
 
!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
 
!Specific activity    <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
 
!Specific activity    <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
 
!Description        <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
 
!Description        <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
−
!Year of activity        <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
+
!Year of activity        <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets -->
 
|-
 
|-
 
|1. Residential & commercial development
 
|1. Residential & commercial development
−
|absent
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
 
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
−
|absent
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|3. Energy production & mining
 
|3. Energy production & mining
−
|absent
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|4. Transportation & service corridors
 
|4. Transportation & service corridors
−
|absent
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
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|5. Biological resource use
 
|5. Biological resource use
 
|5.15. Implement monitoring surveillance strategies
 
|5.15. Implement monitoring surveillance strategies
−
|monitoring of illegal hunting was conducted [2],  but it is not clear whether these activities are still on-going  
+
|Monitoring of illegal hunting was conducted (Carvalho 2011),  but it is not clear whether these activities are still on-going  
−
|after 2000  
+
|After 2000
 
|-
 
|-
−
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
+
|6. Human intrusions & disturbance
−
|absent
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|7. Natural system modifications
 
|7. Natural system modifications
−
|absent
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
 
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
−
|absent
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|9. Pollution
 
|9. Pollution
−
|absent
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|10. Education & Awareness  
 
|10. Education & Awareness  
−
|absent
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|11. Habitat Protection  
+
|11. Habitat Protection
−
|11.1. Create buffer zones around protected primate habitat  
+
|11.1. Create buffer zones around protected primate habitat
−
|forest was divided into three land-use zones, with the core of the forest being (25% of total areas) designated as an ‘integrally protected area’ [2,6]
+
|Forest was divided into three land-use zones, with the core of the forest being (25% of total areas) designated as an ‘integrally protected area’ (Carvalho 2011)
−
|after 2000
+
|After 2000
 
|-
 
|-
 
|
 
|
 
|11.2. Legally protect primate habitat
 
|11.2. Legally protect primate habitat
−
|designated as Classified Forest [7]
+
|Designated as Classified Forest since 1945 (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2018)
−
|since 1945
+
|Ongoing (2018)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|
 
|
−
|11.8. Plant indigenous trees
+
|11.8. Plant indigenous trees to re-establish natural tree communities in clear-cut areas
−
|reforestation activities by Progerfor [2]
+
|Reforestation activities by Progerfor (Carvalho 2011)
−
|after 2000
+
|After 2000
 
|-
 
|-
 
|12. Species Management
 
|12. Species Management
−
|absent
 
 
|
 
|
 +
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives  
 
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives  
−
|absent
 
 
|
 
|
 +
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
−
[[Conservation activities list]]
+
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
  
 
= Impediments = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->
 
= Impediments = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->
  
−
No information on impediments has been documented.
+
'''Table 5: Impediments reported for Diécké Classified Forest'''
−
<br><br>
+
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="impediments-table"
 +
!align="left"|Impediment  <!-- Do not change categories -->
 +
!Source  <!-- source for impediment mentioned -->
 +
|-
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|}
  
−
[[Impediments list]]
+
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
−
<br>
 
  
 +
From 1996 to 1997 Rebecca Kormos (née Ham) did a nationwide surveys on chimpanzees across Guinea (Ham 1998). She identified Diécké Classified Forest as a priority site. In 1999 Tetsuro Matsuzawa did a preliminary survey in Diécké to scope for a possible future research site (Matsuzawa et al. 1999) and discovered that the chimpanzees crack panda nuts. To inform the extension of the protected area network Brugiere and Kormos (2009) identified 16 Key Biodiversity Areas across Guinea based on the occurrence of globally threatened large and medium-sized mammals, among which Diécké Classified Forest ranked second. From 2006 to 2008 Sousa and Carvalho conducted research in Diécké to study the nut-cracking behavior of chimpanzees (Carvalho 2011). The Wild Chimpanzee Foundation did a nationwide inventory of chimpanzee populations in Guinea between 2009 and 2011. The WCF monitoring team covered a total of 10 sites, including Diécké Classified Forest, using transect surveys (WCF 2012).
  
−
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities, and keyword list of documented behaviours -->
+
===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
  
−
From 1996 to 1997 Rebecca Kormos (née Ham) did a nationwide surveys on chimpanzees across Guinea (Ham 1998). She identified Diécké Classified Forest as a priority site.
+
'''Table 6: Great ape behaviors reported for Diécké Classified Forest'''
−
In 1999 Tetsuro Matsuzawa did a preliminary survey in Diécké to scope for a possible future research site (Matsuzawa et al. 1999) and discovered that the chimpanzees crack panda nuts.
+
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
−
To inform the extension of the protected area network Brugiere and Kormos (2009) identified 16 Key Biodiversity Areas across Guinea based on the occurrence of globally threatened large and medium-sized mammals, among which Diécké Classified Forest ranked second.
+
!align="left"|Behavior  <!-- Do not change categories -->
−
From 2006 to 2008 Sousa and Carvalho conducted research in Diécké to study the nut-cracking behavior of chimpanzees (Carvalho 2011).
+
!Source  <!-- source for behavior -->
−
The Wild Chimpanzee Foundation did a nationwide inventory of chimpanzee populations in Guinea between 2009 and 2011. The WCF monitoring team covered a total of 10 sites, including Diécké Classified Forest, using transect surveys (WCF 2012).
+
|-
−
 
+
|Nut cracking
−
 
+
|Matsuzawa  et al. 1999, Carvalho 2011
−
===Documented behaviours===
+
|-
−
* nut-cracking (Matsuzawa  et al. 1999, Carvalho 2011)
+
|}
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
[[Behaviour list]]
 
  
 +
===Relevant datasets===
 +
[http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal]
  
−
===Available datasets for this site===
 
−
 
−
[http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal]
 
 
<br>
 
<br>
−
 
  
 
= References =
 
= References =
−
[1] Brugiere, D. & Kormos, R. (2009) Review of the protected area network in Guinea, West Africa, and recommendations for new sites for biodiversity conservation, Biodiversity and Conservation, 18:847<br>
+
Brugiere D, Kormos R. 2009. Review of the protected area network in Guinea, West Africa, and recommendations for new sites for biodiversity conservation, Biodiversity and Conservation, 18:847 <br>
−
[2] Carvalho, S. (2011) Diécké Forest, Guinea: Delving into Chimpanzee Behavior Using Stone Tool Surveys. In: T. Matsuzawa et al. (eds.) The Chimpanzees of Bossou and Nimba.<br>
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Carvalho S. 2011. Diécké forest, Guinea: delving into chimpanzee behavior using Stone tool surveys, in Matsuzawa T, Humle T and Sugiyama Y, ed. The chimpanzees of Bossou and Nimba. Springer. Tokyo <br>
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[3] Ham (1998) Nationwide chimpanzee census and large mammal survey Republic of Guinea<br>
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Ham R. 1998. Nationwide chimpanzee census and large mammal survey Republic of Guinea. Unpublished report for the European Communion, Guinea-Conakry. <br>
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[4] Matsuzawa, T., Takemoto, H., Hayakawa, S. & Shimada, M. (1999) Diecke Forest Guinea. Report. Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Japan<br>
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Matsuzawa T et al. 1999. Diecke Forest Guinea. Report. Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Japan <br>
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[5] Sugiyama, Y. & Soumah, A.G. (1988) Preliminary Survey of the Distribution and Population of Chimpanzees in the Republic of Guinea. Primates, 29(4):569-574<br>
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Sugiyama, Y. & Soumah, A.G. (1988) Preliminary Survey of the Distribution and Population of Chimpanzees in the Republic of Guinea. Primates, 29(4):569-574 <br>
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[6] UNEP-WCMC and IUCN (2018) Protected Planet: The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA), Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN Online: [https://www.protectedplanet.net/diecke-classified-forest  www.protectedplanet.net]<br>
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UNEP-WCMC, IUCN. 2018. Protected Planet: The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA), Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN Online: [https://www.protectedplanet.net/ diecke-classified-forest  www.protectedplanet.net] <br>
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[7] WCF (2012) Etat de la faune et des menaces dans les aires protégées terrestres et principales zones de forte biodiversité de Rep. de Guinée. Report. Wild Chimpanzee Foundation, Sangaredi, Republic of Guinea. Online: [http://www.wildchimps.org  www.wildchimps.org]<br>
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WCF. 2012. Etat de la faune et des menaces dans les aires protégées terrestres et principales zones de forte biodiversité de Rep. de Guinée. Report. Wild Chimpanzee Foundation, Sangaredi, Republic of Guinea. Online: [http://www.wildchimps.org  www.wildchimps.org] <br>
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Revision as of 09:05, 28 October 2019

West Africa > Republic of Guinea > Diécké Classified Forest

Summary

  • Western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) are present in Diécké Classified Forest.
  • It has been estimated that 80 (CI: 25-253) individuals occur in the forest.
  • The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
  • This site has a total size of 640 km².
  • Key threats to chimpanzees are poaching and habitat destruction.
  • The following conservation activities were conducted by the Centre Forestier de N'Zérékoré: land-use planning, reforestation and monitoring of illegal hunting.
  • Diécké Classified Forest is one of the last biodiversity rich forest blocks remaining in southern Guinea.

Site characteristics

Diécké is a forest in southern Guinea close to the border with Liberia (7°39'N - 7°21'N and 9°06'W - 8°47'W) and was designated as a Classified Forest in 1945 (IUCN category not reported, UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2018). The forest is located in Guinée forestière, one of four Guinean natural regions, and is part of the region N'Zérékoré. It is about 100km west of Bossou and 950 km from the Guinean capital Conakry (Carvalho 2011). The forest has a size of 640 km², 70% of which are dense forest and the remainder being sparsely forested areas, fallows, and open land (WCF 2012). Diécké forest has a rich biodiversity with hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius), duikers, and several primate species, including chimpanzees (WCF 2012). It is also listed as an Important Bird Area and harbors several species of plants and amphibians. Together with Ziama forest, this is one of the last remaining large forest blocks in southern Guinea. The terrain is partly hilly and ranges in altitude from 50-800m (Carvalho 2012).

Table 1: Basic site information for Diécké Classified Forest

Area 640 km²
Coordinates 8.94 W, 7.54 N
Designation Classified Forest
Habitat types Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status

Based on a nation-wide questionnaire survey, the presence of western chimpanzee was confirmed by Sugiyama & Soumah (1988). In a nationwide survey Rebecca Kormos identified Ziama Biosphere Reserve as the second most important priority area for western chimpanzee conservation in Guinea due to high chimpanzee densities encountered during reconnaissance surveys (Ham 1998). A nationwide survey by the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation estimated the chimpanzee population size at around 80 individuals (WCF 2012).

Table 2: Great ape population estimates in Diécké Classified Forest

Species Year Abundance estimate (95% confidence interval) Density estimate (per km²) Encounter rate (nests/km) Area Method Source Comments A.P.E.S. database ID
Pan troglodytes verus 1988 50 Diécké forest Interview method Sugiyama & Soumah 1988 Questionnaire survey
Pan troglodytes verus 1997 209-307 0.17 2.6 Diécké forest Line transects (Distance) Ham 1998 Total survey effort: 5.2 km
Pan troglodytes verus 2012 80 (25-253) 0.14 0.3 Diécké forest Line transects (Distance) WCF 2012 Total survey effort:144.8km

Threats

Illegal poaching represents the major threat to the chimpanzee population in the park (WCF 2012, Ham 1998). More than 500,000 immigrants migrated to this area beginning in 1989 from Sierra Leone and Liberia resulting in a strong increase in illegal logging (Carvalho 2011). There was also an increase in plantations of oil palm, rubber, and crops (Carvalho 2011).

Table 3: Threats to great apes in Diécké Classified Forest

Category Specific threats Threat level Quantified severity Description Year of threat
1. Residential & commercial development Absent
2. Agriculture & aquaculture 2.1. Annual & Perennial Non-Timber Crops High 0.30 signs of agriculture/km (43 signs of agriculture, survey effort: 144.853 km, WCF 2012) Plantations for oil palm and rubber, and other crops (Carvalho 2011, UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2018) Ongoing (2011, 2018)
3. Energy production & mining Absent
4. Transportation & service corridors 4.1. Roads & railroads Medium 1.26 roads/km (182 roads, survey effort: 144.853 km, WCF 2012) Second highest encounter rate of all anthropogenic signs (WCF 2012) Ongoing (2012)
5. Biological resource use 5.1. Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals High 1.45 signs of hunting/km (210 signs of hunting, survey effort: 144.853 km, WCF 2012) Illegal poaching is consistently mentioned as the most prevalent threat across reports (Carvalho 2011, UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2018) Ongoing (2011, 2018)
5.3. Logging & wood harvesting Present 0.05 signs of wood extraction/km (7 signs of wood extraction, survey effort: 144.853 km, WCF 2012) Logging increased strongly when migrants arrived from Sierra Leone and Liberia in 1989 (Carvalho 2011). Signs of logging and charcoal production were found in a survey in 2011 (WCF 2012) Ongoing (2011, 2012)
6. Human intrusions & disturbance Absent
7. Natural system modifications Absent
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases Unknown
9. Pollution Absent
10. Geological Events Absent
11. Climate change & severe weather Unknown
12. Other options Absent

IUCN Threats list

Conservation activities

The Centre Forestier de N'Zérékoré is responsible for Diécké Classified Forest. In the 1990’s the forest was divided into three land-use zones, the outer two allowing for different degrees of human activities, while the core of the forest was designated a ‘integrally protected area’ (WCF 2012). After 2000 Progerfor (the Projet de Gestion des Ressources Forestières), a cooperation between Centre Forestier de N'Zérékoré and German partners, conducted conservation activities, including reforestation and monitoring of illegal hunting (Carvalho 2011).

Table 4: Conservation activities in Diécké Classified Forest

Category Specific activity Description Year of activity
1. Residential & commercial development Not reported
2. Agriculture & aquaculture Not reported
3. Energy production & mining Not reported
4. Transportation & service corridors Not reported
5. Biological resource use 5.15. Implement monitoring surveillance strategies Monitoring of illegal hunting was conducted (Carvalho 2011), but it is not clear whether these activities are still on-going After 2000
6. Human intrusions & disturbance Not reported
7. Natural system modifications Not reported
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases Not reported
9. Pollution Not reported
10. Education & Awareness Not reported
11. Habitat Protection 11.1. Create buffer zones around protected primate habitat Forest was divided into three land-use zones, with the core of the forest being (25% of total areas) designated as an ‘integrally protected area’ (Carvalho 2011) After 2000
11.2. Legally protect primate habitat Designated as Classified Forest since 1945 (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2018) Ongoing (2018)
11.8. Plant indigenous trees to re-establish natural tree communities in clear-cut areas Reforestation activities by Progerfor (Carvalho 2011) After 2000
12. Species Management Not reported
13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives Not reported

Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)

Impediments

Table 5: Impediments reported for Diécké Classified Forest

Impediment Source
Not reported

Research activities

From 1996 to 1997 Rebecca Kormos (née Ham) did a nationwide surveys on chimpanzees across Guinea (Ham 1998). She identified Diécké Classified Forest as a priority site. In 1999 Tetsuro Matsuzawa did a preliminary survey in Diécké to scope for a possible future research site (Matsuzawa et al. 1999) and discovered that the chimpanzees crack panda nuts. To inform the extension of the protected area network Brugiere and Kormos (2009) identified 16 Key Biodiversity Areas across Guinea based on the occurrence of globally threatened large and medium-sized mammals, among which Diécké Classified Forest ranked second. From 2006 to 2008 Sousa and Carvalho conducted research in Diécké to study the nut-cracking behavior of chimpanzees (Carvalho 2011). The Wild Chimpanzee Foundation did a nationwide inventory of chimpanzee populations in Guinea between 2009 and 2011. The WCF monitoring team covered a total of 10 sites, including Diécké Classified Forest, using transect surveys (WCF 2012).

Documented behaviours

Table 6: Great ape behaviors reported for Diécké Classified Forest

Behavior Source
Nut cracking Matsuzawa et al. 1999, Carvalho 2011

Relevant datasets

A.P.E.S Portal


References

Brugiere D, Kormos R. 2009. Review of the protected area network in Guinea, West Africa, and recommendations for new sites for biodiversity conservation, Biodiversity and Conservation, 18:847
Carvalho S. 2011. Diécké forest, Guinea: delving into chimpanzee behavior using Stone tool surveys, in Matsuzawa T, Humle T and Sugiyama Y, ed. The chimpanzees of Bossou and Nimba. Springer. Tokyo
Ham R. 1998. Nationwide chimpanzee census and large mammal survey Republic of Guinea. Unpublished report for the European Communion, Guinea-Conakry.
Matsuzawa T et al. 1999. Diecke Forest Guinea. Report. Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Japan
Sugiyama, Y. & Soumah, A.G. (1988) Preliminary Survey of the Distribution and Population of Chimpanzees in the Republic of Guinea. Primates, 29(4):569-574
UNEP-WCMC, IUCN. 2018. Protected Planet: The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA), Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN Online: diecke-classified-forest www.protectedplanet.net
WCF. 2012. Etat de la faune et des menaces dans les aires protégées terrestres et principales zones de forte biodiversité de Rep. de Guinée. Report. Wild Chimpanzee Foundation, Sangaredi, Republic of Guinea. Online: www.wildchimps.org



Page completed by: A.P.E.S. Wiki Team Date: 15/11/2018

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