Difference between revisions of "Batéké Plateau National Park"

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[[Central Africa]] > [[Gabon]] > [[Batéké Plateau National Park]]
  
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= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
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* Central chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes troglodytes'') & western lowland gorillas (''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'') are present in Batéké Plateau National Park.
 +
* The population sizes are unknown.
 +
* The great ape population trend is unknown.
 +
* The site has a total size of 2,054.25 km².
 +
* Key threats to great apes are logging and poaching.
 +
* Conservation activities have focused on rehabilitation and reintroduction of gorillas.
 +
 +
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
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The Batéké Plateau National Park was established in 2002. The park is located in southeastern Gabon; together with the bordering Ogooué-Leketi National Park in Congo, the parks form a transboundary protected area covering more than 5,500 square kilometers (Dasgupta 2018). The park is situated in a transitional landscape between the southeastern edge of the Gabonese rainforest and the northwestern limit of the savannah-dominated Batéké Plateau (Hedwig et al. 2018). The site harbors an interesting biodiversity found nowhere else in the Congo Basin. In addition to chimpanzees and western lowland gorillas, mammal species such as the lion (''Panthera leo''), Grimm's duiker (''Sylvicapra grimmia''), the side striped jackal (''Canis adustus''), and the Denham's bustard (''Neotis denhami'') are found in the park ([https://congo.wcs.org/wild-places/bateke-plateaux.aspx WCS]). In the gallery forests of the park, typical forest dwellers such as elephant, buffalo, bushpigs, duikers, and several monkey species are found (WCS).
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'''Table 1. Basic site information for Batéké Plateau National Park'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
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| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
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|2,054.25 km²
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|-
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|Coordinates
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| -2.246122 S, 14.034701 E
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|-
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|Designation
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|National Park
 +
|-
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|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
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|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, savanna
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|}
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[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
 +
 +
= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
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 +
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Batéké Plateau National Park'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
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! Species
 +
! Year
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! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
 +
! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
 +
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
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! Area
 +
! Method
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! Source
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! Comments
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! A.P.E.S. database ID
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|-
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|''Pan troglodytes troglodytes & Gorilla gorilla gorilla''
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|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|}
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= Threats =    <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
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 +
'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Batéké Plateau National Park'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
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!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
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!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
 +
!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
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!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->
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!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
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!Year of threat <!--  Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
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|-
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|1. Residential & commercial development
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|
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|Unknown
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|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
 +
|
 +
|Unknown
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|3. Energy production & mining
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|
 +
|Unknown
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|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|4. Transportation & service corridors
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|
 +
|Unknown
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|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|5. Biological resource use
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|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
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|Present, but threat severity unknown
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|
 +
|Wildlife throughout the Bateke Plateau is highly endangered by commercial hunting (WCS n.d.). However, camera trap surveys in 2014-2016 did not detect poachers nor poaching signs (Hedwig et al. 2018).
 +
|Unknown
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|-
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|5. Biological resource use
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|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
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|Present, but threat severity unknown
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|
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|Logging and firewood collection (WCS n.d.).
 +
|Unknown
 +
|-
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|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
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|
 +
|Unknown
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|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|7. Natural system modifications
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|
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|Unknown
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|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
 +
|
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|Unknown
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|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|9. Pollution
 +
|
 +
|Unknown
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|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|10. Geological Events
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|
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|Absent
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|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
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| 11. Climate change & severe weather
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|
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|Unknown
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|
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|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|12. Other options
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|
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|Absent
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|
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|
 +
|
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|-
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|}
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[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
 +
 +
= Conservation activities =      <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
 +
 +
A gorilla reintroduction programme, Projet Protection des Gorilles Gabon, is located in the park (Le Flohic et al. 2015). Two groups composed of both wild-born and captive-born orphans have been released by the Projet Protection des Gorilles (PPG) of The Aspinall Foundation into the Batéké Plateau National Park in Gabon in 2001 and 2004, with high post-release survival, successful reproduction, and female transfer between groups (Le Flohic et al. 2015). The Plateaux Bateke National Park was officially designated on the Gabonese side in 2002, and management activities began there in 2004, in collaboration with the Projet de Protection des Gorilles and Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS n.d.). An anti-poaching programme is implemented in partnership with the Gabonese Government and the WCS (Pearson et al. 2007).
 +
 +
'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Batéké Plateau National Park'''
 +
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
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!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
 +
!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
 +
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
 +
!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
 +
|-
 +
|1. Residential & commercial development
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|3. Energy production & mining
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|4. Transportation & service corridors
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|5. Biological resource use
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|7. Natural system modifications
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|9. Pollution
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|10. Education & Awareness
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|11. Habitat Protection
 +
|11.2. Legally protect primate habitat
 +
|The site is designated as a national park.
 +
|Ongoing (2022)
 +
|-
 +
|12. Species Management
 +
|12.8. Provide supplementary food for a certain period of time only
 +
|During the rearing period, gorillas were provided fresh Aframomum sp. for feeding and nesting, and water daily. Depending on their age and ability to feed on forest vegetation, gorillas were either fed with milk products developed for human infants (Nestle, NAN), or cereal and milk based meals (Nestle, CERELAC) (Le Flohic et al. 2015).
 +
|Unknown
 +
|-
 +
|12. Species Management
 +
|12.17. Reintroduce primates into habitat where the species is absent
 +
|The specific release site, along the Mpassa river, was selected due to the absence of wild gorillas, based on ground surveys (Pearson et al. 2007).
 +
|2001 & 2004
 +
|-
 +
|12. Species Management
 +
|12.25. Fostering appropriate behaviour to facilitate rehabilitation
 +
|The rehabilitation process appears to be successful, as orphans use their environment and interact socially in a similar way to wild gorillas, but the influence of humans in their activity-budget remains high (Le Flohic et al. 2015).
 +
|Unknown
 +
|-
 +
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
 +
 +
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
 +
 +
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Batéké Plateau National Park'''
 +
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
 +
!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
 +
!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
 +
|-
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 +
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
 +
 +
A 2014-2016 camera trap survey led to the discovery of a lion and mandrills in the park (Hedwig et al. 2018). Lions were previously thought to be extinct in the northern part of the Western-Congolian savannah-forest mosaic (Hedwig et al. 2018). The black-footed mongoose and long-nosed mongoose were also detected for the first time at the site (Hedwig et al. 2018). Observations from the survey resulted in a total number of 36 medium to large-sized mammal species confirmed to be currently occurring in the park (Hedwig et al. 2018).
 +
 +
===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
 +
 +
'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Batéké Plateau National Park'''
 +
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
 +
!align="left"|Behavior
 +
!Source
 +
|-
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 +
=External links=
 +
[https://www.aspinallfoundation.org/megafauna/ Aspinall Foundation]<br>
 +
[https://congo.wcs.org/wild-places/bateke-plateaux.aspx WCS]<br>
 +
 +
===Relevant datasets===
 +
[http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal]
 +
 +
= References =
 +
Le Flohic, G., Motsch, P., DeNys, H., Childs, S., Courage, A., & King, T. (2015). Behavioural ecology and group cohesion of juvenile western lowland gorillas (Gorilla g. gorilla) during rehabilitation in the Batéké Plateaux National Park, Gabon. PloS one, 10(3), e0119609. <br>
 +
Pearson, L., Aczel, P., Mahé, S., Courage, A., & King, T. (2008). Gorilla reintroduction in Gabon. Gorilla Gazette, 21, 41-44. <br>
 +
Hedwig, D., Kienast, I., Bonnet, M., Curran, B. K., Courage, A., Boesch, C., ... & King, T. (2018). A camera trap assessment of the forest mammal community within the transitional savannah‐forest mosaic of the bateke plateau national park, Gabon. African Journal of Ecology, 56(4), 777-790. <br>
 +
Dasgupta, S. (2018). Republic of Congo names new national park, home to gorillas, elephants. Online: https://news.mongabay.com/2018/11/republic-of-congo-names-new-national-park-home-to-gorillas-elephants/ <br>
 +
 +
<br>
 +
'''Page completed by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki team''' Date:''' 10/01/2022 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->

Revision as of 04:37, 10 January 2022

Central Africa > Gabon > Batéké Plateau National Park

Summary

  • Central chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) & western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) are present in Batéké Plateau National Park.
  • The population sizes are unknown.
  • The great ape population trend is unknown.
  • The site has a total size of 2,054.25 km².
  • Key threats to great apes are logging and poaching.
  • Conservation activities have focused on rehabilitation and reintroduction of gorillas.

Site characteristics

The Batéké Plateau National Park was established in 2002. The park is located in southeastern Gabon; together with the bordering Ogooué-Leketi National Park in Congo, the parks form a transboundary protected area covering more than 5,500 square kilometers (Dasgupta 2018). The park is situated in a transitional landscape between the southeastern edge of the Gabonese rainforest and the northwestern limit of the savannah-dominated Batéké Plateau (Hedwig et al. 2018). The site harbors an interesting biodiversity found nowhere else in the Congo Basin. In addition to chimpanzees and western lowland gorillas, mammal species such as the lion (Panthera leo), Grimm's duiker (Sylvicapra grimmia), the side striped jackal (Canis adustus), and the Denham's bustard (Neotis denhami) are found in the park (WCS). In the gallery forests of the park, typical forest dwellers such as elephant, buffalo, bushpigs, duikers, and several monkey species are found (WCS).

Table 1. Basic site information for Batéké Plateau National Park

Area 2,054.25 km²
Coordinates -2.246122 S, 14.034701 E
Designation National Park
Habitat types Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, savanna

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status

Table 2. Ape population estimates in Batéké Plateau National Park

Species Year Abundance estimate (95% CI) Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) Encounter rate (nests/km) Area Method Source Comments A.P.E.S. database ID
Pan troglodytes troglodytes & Gorilla gorilla gorilla

Threats

Table 3. Threats to apes in Batéké Plateau National Park

Category Specific threats Threat level Quantified severity Description Year of threat
1. Residential & commercial development Unknown
2. Agriculture & aquaculture Unknown
3. Energy production & mining Unknown
4. Transportation & service corridors Unknown
5. Biological resource use 5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals Present, but threat severity unknown Wildlife throughout the Bateke Plateau is highly endangered by commercial hunting (WCS n.d.). However, camera trap surveys in 2014-2016 did not detect poachers nor poaching signs (Hedwig et al. 2018). Unknown
5. Biological resource use 5.3 Logging & wood harvesting Present, but threat severity unknown Logging and firewood collection (WCS n.d.). Unknown
6. Human intrusion & disturbance Unknown
7. Natural system modifications Unknown
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases Unknown
9. Pollution Unknown
10. Geological Events Absent
11. Climate change & severe weather Unknown
12. Other options Absent

IUCN Threats list

Conservation activities

A gorilla reintroduction programme, Projet Protection des Gorilles Gabon, is located in the park (Le Flohic et al. 2015). Two groups composed of both wild-born and captive-born orphans have been released by the Projet Protection des Gorilles (PPG) of The Aspinall Foundation into the Batéké Plateau National Park in Gabon in 2001 and 2004, with high post-release survival, successful reproduction, and female transfer between groups (Le Flohic et al. 2015). The Plateaux Bateke National Park was officially designated on the Gabonese side in 2002, and management activities began there in 2004, in collaboration with the Projet de Protection des Gorilles and Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS n.d.). An anti-poaching programme is implemented in partnership with the Gabonese Government and the WCS (Pearson et al. 2007).

Table 4. Conservation activities in Batéké Plateau National Park

Category Specific activity Description Year of activity
1. Residential & commercial development Not reported
2. Agriculture & aquaculture Not reported
3. Energy production & mining Not reported
4. Transportation & service corridors Not reported
5. Biological resource use Not reported
6. Human intrusion & disturbance Not reported
7. Natural system modifications Not reported
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases Not reported
9. Pollution Not reported
10. Education & Awareness Not reported
11. Habitat Protection 11.2. Legally protect primate habitat The site is designated as a national park. Ongoing (2022)
12. Species Management 12.8. Provide supplementary food for a certain period of time only During the rearing period, gorillas were provided fresh Aframomum sp. for feeding and nesting, and water daily. Depending on their age and ability to feed on forest vegetation, gorillas were either fed with milk products developed for human infants (Nestle, NAN), or cereal and milk based meals (Nestle, CERELAC) (Le Flohic et al. 2015). Unknown
12. Species Management 12.17. Reintroduce primates into habitat where the species is absent The specific release site, along the Mpassa river, was selected due to the absence of wild gorillas, based on ground surveys (Pearson et al. 2007). 2001 & 2004
12. Species Management 12.25. Fostering appropriate behaviour to facilitate rehabilitation The rehabilitation process appears to be successful, as orphans use their environment and interact socially in a similar way to wild gorillas, but the influence of humans in their activity-budget remains high (Le Flohic et al. 2015). Unknown
13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives Not reported

Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)

Challenges

Table 5. Challenges reported for Batéké Plateau National Park

Challenge Source
Not reported

Research activities

A 2014-2016 camera trap survey led to the discovery of a lion and mandrills in the park (Hedwig et al. 2018). Lions were previously thought to be extinct in the northern part of the Western-Congolian savannah-forest mosaic (Hedwig et al. 2018). The black-footed mongoose and long-nosed mongoose were also detected for the first time at the site (Hedwig et al. 2018). Observations from the survey resulted in a total number of 36 medium to large-sized mammal species confirmed to be currently occurring in the park (Hedwig et al. 2018).

Documented behaviours

Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Batéké Plateau National Park

Behavior Source
Not reported

External links

Aspinall Foundation
WCS

Relevant datasets

A.P.E.S Portal

References

Le Flohic, G., Motsch, P., DeNys, H., Childs, S., Courage, A., & King, T. (2015). Behavioural ecology and group cohesion of juvenile western lowland gorillas (Gorilla g. gorilla) during rehabilitation in the Batéké Plateaux National Park, Gabon. PloS one, 10(3), e0119609.
Pearson, L., Aczel, P., Mahé, S., Courage, A., & King, T. (2008). Gorilla reintroduction in Gabon. Gorilla Gazette, 21, 41-44.
Hedwig, D., Kienast, I., Bonnet, M., Curran, B. K., Courage, A., Boesch, C., ... & King, T. (2018). A camera trap assessment of the forest mammal community within the transitional savannah‐forest mosaic of the bateke plateau national park, Gabon. African Journal of Ecology, 56(4), 777-790.
Dasgupta, S. (2018). Republic of Congo names new national park, home to gorillas, elephants. Online: https://news.mongabay.com/2018/11/republic-of-congo-names-new-national-park-home-to-gorillas-elephants/


Page completed by: A.P.E.S. Wiki team Date: 10/01/2022

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