Difference between revisions of "South Bakundu Forest Reserve"

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[[Central Africa]] > [[Cameroon]] > [[Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve]]
  
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= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
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<div style="float: right">
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{{#display_map: height=200px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap
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|4.51, 9.31~[[Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve]]~Nigeria-Cameroon Chimpanzee
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}}
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</div>
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* Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes ellioti'') are present in Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve.
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* The population size is unknown.
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* The chimpanzee population trend is decreasing.
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* The site has a total size of 181 km².
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* Key threats to chimpanzees are hunting, agricultural activities and exploitation of NTFPs.
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* Conservation activities are not documented.
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= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
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Located in eastern Cameroon, the Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve covers an area of 18,100 ha and is located in the Meme Division of the South West Province (Eno Nku 2004). It is limited to the north by the Kumba-Ekondo Titi road, to the South by the CDC rubber and palm plantations, the Kumba-Buea highway to the East and the Ekombe Mbonji-Barombi Kotto road (Eno Nku 2004). The reserve was created in 1939 to protect distinctive flora and fauna with many endemic species such as the ''Microberlinia bisulcata'' (Tiger wood), ''Lophira alata'' (Iron wood), ''Nauclea diderichii'' (Opepe), ''Gebourtia mannii'' (Boubinga), ''Milicia excelsa'' (Iroko) ([https://erudef.org/the-southern-bakundu-forest-reserve-a-farm-estate-or-protected-area/ ERuDeF]).
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'''Table 1. Basic site information for Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
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| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
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|181 km²
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|-
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|Coordinates
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|4.516667 N, 9.316667 E
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|-
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|Designation
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|Forest Reserve
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|-
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|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
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|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest
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|}
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[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
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= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
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Signs of chimpanzees were not found during a survey in the early 2000s (Eno Nku 2004).
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'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
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! Species
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! Year
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! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
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! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
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! Encounter rate (nests/km)
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! Area
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! Method
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! Source
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! Comments
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! A.P.E.S. database ID
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|-
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|''Pan troglodytes ellioti''
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|2004
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|
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|
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|Absent
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|Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve
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|Index survey (reconnaissance walk)
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|Eno Nku 2004
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|Survey effort 25 km
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|
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|}
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= Threats =    <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
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The populations of wildlife species at the site have declined over the years as a result of the illegal exploitation of forest resources and encroachment from all sides of the reserve (Eno Nku 2004). The absence of research, monitoring and management of the site is a great concern and has contributed to the decline of wildlife. During a survey in the early 2000s, a great number of snares, gun shells and gunshots were reported (Eno Nku 2004).
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'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
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!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
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!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
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!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
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!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->
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!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
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!Year of threat <!--  Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
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|-
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|1. Residential & commercial development
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|
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|Unknown
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|
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|
 +
|
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|-
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|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
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|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
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|High
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|
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|Plantations extending into the reserve (EnoNku 2004).
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|Ongoing (2004)
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|-
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|3. Energy production & mining
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|
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|Unknown
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|
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|
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|
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|-
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|4. Transportation & service corridors
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|
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|Unknown
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|
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|
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|
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|-
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|5. Biological resource use
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|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
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|High
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|
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|Illegal exploitation of wildlife has led to the extinction of many wildlife species, particularly large mammals which are regularly hunted for food and for the bushmeat trade (Eno Nku 2004).
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|Ongoing (2004)
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|-
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|
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|5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants
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|High
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|
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|Exploitation of NTFPs (Eno Nku 2004).
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|Ongoing (2004)
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|-
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|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
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|
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|Unknown
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|
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|
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|
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|-
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|7. Natural system modifications
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|
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|Unknown
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|
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|
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|
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|-
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|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
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|
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|Unknown
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|
 +
|
 +
|
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|-
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|9. Pollution
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|
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|Unknown
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|
 +
|
 +
|
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|-
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|10. Geological Events
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|
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|Absent
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|
 +
|
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|
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|-
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| 11. Climate change & severe weather
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|
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|Unknown
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|
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|
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|
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|-
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|12. Other options
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|
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|Absent
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|
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|
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|
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|-
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|}
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[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
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= Conservation activities =      <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
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'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
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!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
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!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
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!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
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!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
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|-
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|1. Residential & commercial development
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|Not reported
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|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
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|Not reported
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|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|3. Energy production & mining
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|Not reported
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|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|4. Transportation & service corridors
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|Not reported
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|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|5. Biological resource use
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|Not reported
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|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
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|Not reported
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|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|7. Natural system modifications
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|9. Pollution
 +
|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|10. Education & Awareness
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|Not reported
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|11. Habitat Protection
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|Not reported
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|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|12. Species Management
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|Not reported
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|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
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|Not reported
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|
 +
|
 +
|-
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|}
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[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
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= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
 +
 +
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
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!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
 +
!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
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|-
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|Lack of law enforcement
 +
|Eno Nku 2004
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|-
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|Lack of human resources
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|Eno Nku 2004
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|-
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|}
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 +
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
 +
 +
===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
 +
 +
'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
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!align="left"|Behavior
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!Source
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|-
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|Not reported
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|
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|-
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|}
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=External links=
 +
[https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2011-123-En.pdf IUCN Regional Action Plan for the Conservation of the Nigeria-Cameroon Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes ellioti)]
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 +
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= References =
 +
Eno Nku, M. (2004). Large mammal recoinnassance surveys of Lake Barombi Mbo and Southern Banduku Forests Reserves, SW Province. Report to Wildlife Conservation Society & MINEF. <br>
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 +
<br>
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'''Page completed by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki team''' Date:''' 28/02/2022 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->

Latest revision as of 05:29, 28 February 2022

Central Africa > Cameroon > Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve

Summary[edit]

Loading map...
  • Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes ellioti) are present in Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve.
  • The population size is unknown.
  • The chimpanzee population trend is decreasing.
  • The site has a total size of 181 km².
  • Key threats to chimpanzees are hunting, agricultural activities and exploitation of NTFPs.
  • Conservation activities are not documented.

Site characteristics[edit]

Located in eastern Cameroon, the Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve covers an area of 18,100 ha and is located in the Meme Division of the South West Province (Eno Nku 2004). It is limited to the north by the Kumba-Ekondo Titi road, to the South by the CDC rubber and palm plantations, the Kumba-Buea highway to the East and the Ekombe Mbonji-Barombi Kotto road (Eno Nku 2004). The reserve was created in 1939 to protect distinctive flora and fauna with many endemic species such as the Microberlinia bisulcata (Tiger wood), Lophira alata (Iron wood), Nauclea diderichii (Opepe), Gebourtia mannii (Boubinga), Milicia excelsa (Iroko) (ERuDeF).

Table 1. Basic site information for Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve

Area 181 km²
Coordinates 4.516667 N, 9.316667 E
Designation Forest Reserve
Habitat types Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status[edit]

Signs of chimpanzees were not found during a survey in the early 2000s (Eno Nku 2004).

Table 2. Ape population estimates in Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve

Species Year Abundance estimate (95% CI) Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) Encounter rate (nests/km) Area Method Source Comments A.P.E.S. database ID
Pan troglodytes ellioti 2004 Absent Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve Index survey (reconnaissance walk) Eno Nku 2004 Survey effort 25 km

Threats[edit]

The populations of wildlife species at the site have declined over the years as a result of the illegal exploitation of forest resources and encroachment from all sides of the reserve (Eno Nku 2004). The absence of research, monitoring and management of the site is a great concern and has contributed to the decline of wildlife. During a survey in the early 2000s, a great number of snares, gun shells and gunshots were reported (Eno Nku 2004).

Table 3. Threats to apes in Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve

Category Specific threats Threat level Quantified severity Description Year of threat
1. Residential & commercial development Unknown
2. Agriculture & aquaculture 2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops High Plantations extending into the reserve (EnoNku 2004). Ongoing (2004)
3. Energy production & mining Unknown
4. Transportation & service corridors Unknown
5. Biological resource use 5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals High Illegal exploitation of wildlife has led to the extinction of many wildlife species, particularly large mammals which are regularly hunted for food and for the bushmeat trade (Eno Nku 2004). Ongoing (2004)
5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants High Exploitation of NTFPs (Eno Nku 2004). Ongoing (2004)
6. Human intrusion & disturbance Unknown
7. Natural system modifications Unknown
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases Unknown
9. Pollution Unknown
10. Geological Events Absent
11. Climate change & severe weather Unknown
12. Other options Absent

IUCN Threats list

Conservation activities[edit]

Table 4. Conservation activities in Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve

Category Specific activity Description Year of activity
1. Residential & commercial development Not reported
2. Agriculture & aquaculture Not reported
3. Energy production & mining Not reported
4. Transportation & service corridors Not reported
5. Biological resource use Not reported
6. Human intrusion & disturbance Not reported
7. Natural system modifications Not reported
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases Not reported
9. Pollution Not reported
10. Education & Awareness Not reported
11. Habitat Protection Not reported
12. Species Management Not reported
13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives Not reported

Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)

Challenges[edit]

Table 5. Challenges reported for Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve

Challenge Source
Lack of law enforcement Eno Nku 2004
Lack of human resources Eno Nku 2004

Research activities[edit]

Documented behaviours[edit]

Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve

Behavior Source
Not reported

External links[edit]

IUCN Regional Action Plan for the Conservation of the Nigeria-Cameroon Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes ellioti)


References[edit]

Eno Nku, M. (2004). Large mammal recoinnassance surveys of Lake Barombi Mbo and Southern Banduku Forests Reserves, SW Province. Report to Wildlife Conservation Society & MINEF.


Page completed by: A.P.E.S. Wiki team Date: 28/02/2022

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