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(Created page with "Asia > Malaysia > Semenggoh Nature Reserve '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Semenggoh_Nature_Reserve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_h...")
 
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[[Asia]] > [[Malaysia]] > [[Semenggoh Nature Reserve]]
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[[Asia]] > [[Malaysia]] > [[Usun Apau National Park]]
  
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'''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Semenggoh_Nature_Reserve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Français]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Semenggoh_Nature_Reserve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=pt&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Português]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Semenggoh_Nature_Reserve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=es&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Español]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Semenggoh_Nature_Reserve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=id&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Bahasa Indonesia]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Semenggoh_Nature_Reserve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Melayu]'''
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'''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Usun_Apau_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Français]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Usun_Apau_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=pt&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Português]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Usun_Apau_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=es&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Español]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Usun_Apau_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=id&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Bahasa Indonesia]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Usun_Apau_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Melayu]'''
  
 
__TOC__
 
__TOC__
 
= Summary =
 
= Summary =
  
−
<div style="float: right">{{#display_map: height=190px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap|1.392031, 110.299506~[[Semenggoh Nature Reserve]]~Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus}}</div>
+
<div style="float: right">{{#display_map: height=190px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap|39.86595, -75.17879~[[Usun Apau National Park]]~Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus}}</div>
−
* Northwest Bornean orangutans  (''Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus'') are present in Semenggoh Nature Reserve.
+
 
−
* 27 individuals occur in the site.
+
 
−
* The orangutan population trend is stable.
+
 
−
* The site has a total size of 6.53 km².
+
 
−
* Key threats to orangutans are habitat encroachment and hunting.
+
 
−
* Conservation activities have focused on orangutan rehabilitation, ecotourism, raising awareness and education.
+
 
−
* Semi-wild orangutans inhabit the site.
+
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
  
  
−
<div><ul> <li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File: Orangutan_Semenggoh.jpg | 200px | thumb| right | ©  Isabel Ordaz-Nemeth]]<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File: Orangutan2_Semenggoh.jpg | 200px | thumb| right | ©  Isabel Ordaz-Nemeth]]<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File: road_Semenggoh.jpg | 200px | thumb| right | Road to visitor center ©  Isabel Ordaz-Nemeth]]</ul></div>
 
 
= Site characteristics =
 
= Site characteristics =
  
−
The nature reserve is located in the Malaysian state of Sarawak, in the northwest of Borneo. The site was first designated as a Forest Reserve in 1920 and subsequently used as a botanical research plot ([https://semenggoh.my/about-us/ SFC]). In 1975 the Semenggoh Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre was established as part of the reserve, with the aim of rehabilitating orangutans and other wildlife species in Sarawak ([https://semenggoh.my/about-us/ SFC]). Semenggoh Forest Reserve was declared as Semenggoh Nature Reserve in 2000. In the same year, the Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre was renamed as the Semenggoh Wildlife Centre. The name is derived from the Semenggoh river, which runs through the reserve. Semi-wild orangutans inhabit the site; they spend most of the time roaming freely in the forest, but occasionally visit feeding platforms that are provisioned daily. In addition to orangutans, the site is also home to giant squirrels, pygmy squirrels, gibbons and a wide variety of birds ([https://semenggoh.my/about-us/ SFC]).
+
Usun Apau National Park is described as pristine area known for its waterfalls. The government aims to develop ecotourism at Usun Apau National Park (Sarawak Tribune 2022). Usun Apau was also proposed to be included in the extension of the Heart of Borneo as part of Extended Baram Complex (Mathai et al. 2016). Other species such as Presbytis hosei and Presbytis rubicunda ignita are found in this national park (Ang et al.2024)
  
−
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Semenggoh Nature Reserve'''
+
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Usun Apau National Park'''
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Site_characteristics-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Site_characteristics-table"
 
|Species
 
|Species
Line 27: Line 29:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Area
 
|Area
−
|6.53 km²
+
|1550
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Coordinates
 
|Coordinates
−
|Lat: 1.392031 , Lon:  110.299506
+
|Lat: 39.86595 , Lon:  -75.17879
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Type of site
 
|Type of site
−
|Protected area (Nature Reserve)
+
|Protected area (National Park)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Habitat types
 
|Habitat types
−
|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest
+
|Subtropical/tropical moist montane forest, "Rocky areas (inland cliffs, mountain peaks)"
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Type of governance
 
|Type of governance
−
|
+
|Governance by government
 
|}
 
|}
  
 
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]  
 
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]  
−
[[File: Orangutan_eating_Semenggoh.jpg | 300px | thumb| right | © Isabel Ordaz-Nemeth]]
 
 
= Ape status =
 
= Ape status =
  
  
  
−
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Semenggoh Nature Reserve'''
+
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Usun Apau National Park'''
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Ape_status-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Ape_status-table"
 
!Species
 
!Species
Line 61: Line 62:
 
!A.P.E.S. database ID
 
!A.P.E.S. database ID
 
|-
 
|-
−
|''Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus''
+
|Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus
−
|2016
+
|2017-2020
−
|27
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
|Semenggoh Nature Reserve
 
−
|Full count
 
−
|Tisen & Silang 2016
 
 
|
 
|
 +
|
 +
|Line transects
 +
|Ampeng et al. 2021
 +
|The survey using line transect found 1 individual Bornean orangutan and 4 orangutan nests.
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|''Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus''
+
|Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus
−
|2023
+
|2017-2020
−
|29
+
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
|Semenggoh Nature Reserve
 
−
|Full count
 
−
|Azizi Bin Ahmad Zaini pers. comm. 2023
 
 
|
 
|
 +
|Aerial (drones/plane/helicopter)
 +
|Ampeng et al. 2021
 +
|Aerial surveys fitted with FLIR-camera yet was unable to confirm the presence of additional nests from daytime aerial photographs.
 
|
 
|
 
|}
 
|}
−
 
  
 
= Threats =
 
= Threats =
Line 89: Line 89:
  
  
−
'''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Semenggoh Nature Reserve'''
+
= Conservation activities =
−
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Threats-table"
 
−
!Category
 
−
!Specific threats
 
−
!Threat level
 
−
!Description
 
−
!Year of threat
 
−
|-
 
−
|1 Residential & commercial development
 
−
|1.1 Residential areas
 
−
|High
 
−
|Habitat encroachment due to housing developments around the site, which also increase forest fragmentation (Ali 2021).
 
−
|Ongoing (2021)
 
−
|-
 
−
|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
 
−
|
 
−
|Unknown
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|3 Energy production & mining
 
−
|
 
−
|Unknown
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|4 Transportation & service corridors
 
−
|
 
−
|Unknown
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|5 Biological resource use
 
−
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
 
−
|Present, but threat severity unknown
 
−
|Poaching (Ali 2021).
 
−
|Ongoing (2021)
 
−
|-
 
−
|6 Human intrusions & disturbance
 
−
|
 
−
|Unknown
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|7 Natural system modifications
 
−
|
 
−
|Unknown
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases
 
−
|8.4 Pathogens
 
−
|Present, but threat severity unknown
 
−
|Risk of infection due to human presence, including Covid-19 (Ali 2021), and pulmonary diseases (Azizi Bin Ahmad Zaini pers. comm. 2023).
 
−
|Ongoing (2023)
 
−
|-
 
−
|9 Pollution
 
−
|
 
−
|Unknown
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|10 Geological events
 
−
|
 
−
|Absent
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|11 Climate change & severe weather
 
−
|
 
−
|Unknown
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|12 Other threat
 
−
|
 
−
|Absent
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|}
 
−
 
 
−
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
 
  
−
= Conservation activities =
 
  
−
A rehabilitation program for orangutans was created at the site in 1975. By 1990 there was a growing population of semi-wild orangutans. Due to the small size of the site, the rehabilitation program was moved to Matang Wildlife Centre in 1998. The wildlife centre is active in conservation awareness and education for schools and the public (Tisen & Silang 2016).
 
  
−
'''Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Semenggoh Nature Reserve'''
+
'''Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Usun Apau National Park'''
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Conservation_activities-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Conservation_activities-table"
 
!Category
 
!Category
Line 184: Line 101:
 
!Year of activity
 
!Year of activity
 
|-
 
|-
−
|2 Counter-wildlife crime
 
−
|2.3 Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols
 
−
|Regular patrols to monitor orangutans, secure the reserve from trespassing and poaching (Azizi Bin Ahmad Zaini pers. comm. 2023).
 
−
|
 
−
|Ongoing (2023)
 
−
|-
 
−
|3 Species health
 
−
|3.3 Limit time that researchers/tourists are allowed to spend with habituated apes
 
−
|Tourists are only allowed to watch orangutans twice a day for two hours each time (Azizi Bin Ahmad Zaini pers. comm. 2023).
 
−
|
 
−
|Ongoing (2023)
 
−
|-
 
−
|3 Species health
 
−
|3.10 Treat sick/injured apes
 
−
|In case of illness/injury, a veterinarian is available (Azizi Bin Ahmad Zaini pers. comm. 2023).
 
−
|
 
−
|Ongoing (2023)
 
−
|-
 
−
|4 Education & awareness
 
−
|4.1 Educate local communities about apes and sustainable use
 
−
|The wildlife centre is active in nature and wildlife awareness programs for schools and the public ([https://semenggoh.my/about-us/ SFC]).
 
−
|
 
−
|Ongoing
 
−
|-
 
−
|5 Protection & restoration
 
−
|5.2 Legally protect ape habitat
 
−
|The site is a nature reserve.
 
 
|
 
|
−
|Ongoing (2023)
 
−
|-
 
−
|6 Species management
 
−
|6.9 Rehabilitate injured/orphaned apes
 
−
|Care of orangutans that have been injured in the forests, orphaned or kept illegally as pets. After rehabilitation, the animals would eventually be released back into the wild ([https://semenggoh.my/about-us/ SFC]).
 
 
|
 
|
−
|1975-2000
 
−
|-
 
−
|6 Species management
 
−
|6.4 Provide supplementary food for apes
 
−
|Supplementary food is provided everyday twice a day (Azizi Bin Ahmad Zaini pers. comm. 2023).
 
 
|
 
|
−
|Ongoing (2023)
+
|Cristiar Samosir
−
|-
 
−
|8 Permanent presence
 
−
|8.2 Run tourist projects and ensure permanent human presence at site
 
−
|The site is open to tourists and offers ecotourism activities ([https://semenggoh.my/about-us/ SFC]).
 
 
|
 
|
−
|Ongoing (2023)
 
 
|}
 
|}
  
 
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]  
 
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]  
−
<div><ul> <li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File: Main_platform_Semenggoh.jpg | 300px | thumb| right | View to feeding platforms ©  Isabel Ordaz-Nemeth]]<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File: Tourists_Semenggoh.jpg | 300px | thumb| right | ©  Isabel Ordaz-Nemeth]]<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File: visitor_center_Semenggoh.jpg | 300px | thumb| right |©  Isabel Ordaz-Nemeth]]</ul></div>
 
 
= Challenges =
 
= Challenges =
  
−
Ecotourism at the site brings both benefits and challenges; the main challenge is to ensure large numbers of tourists stay at the permitted distance from orangutans in the occasions when orangutans appear by the road in the reserve and not on the feeding platforms (Azizi Bin Ahmad Zaini pers. comm. 2023).
 
  
−
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Semenggoh Nature Reserve'''
+
 
 +
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Usun Apau National Park'''
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Challenges-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Challenges-table"
 
!Challenges
 
!Challenges
Line 246: Line 120:
 
!Year(s)
 
!Year(s)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|4 Institutional support
+
|
−
|4.1 Lack of law enforcement
+
|Unknown
−
|(Azizi Bin Ahmad Zaini pers. comm. 2023).
+
|
 
|
 
|
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
[[File: feeding_platform_Semenggoh.jpg | 300px | thumb| right |©  Isabel Ordaz-Nemeth]]
 
 
= Enablers =
 
= Enablers =
  
  
  
−
'''Table 6. Enablers reported for Semenggoh Nature Reserve'''
+
= Research activities =
−
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="enabler-table"
 
−
!Enablers
 
−
!Specific enablers
 
−
!Source
 
−
!Year(s)
 
−
|-
 
−
|1 Site management
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|2 Resources and capacity
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|3 Engaged community
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|4 Institutional support
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|5 Ecological context
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|6 Safety and stability
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|}
 
−
 
 
  
−
= Research activities =
+
There was an expedition in Usun Apau Plateau by an Oxford University in 1955 (Arnold 1957). The expedition explored the montane plateau and also conducted archaelogical excavations from old longhouse.
  
−
A few studies have been conducted on the ecology and behavior of orangutans at Semenggoh, e.g., Wesley (2001) on the activity budget on orangutans, and Mohd-Rahmantullah (2001) on nesting ecology.
+
Besides that, a study on dragonfly was also conducted in Usun Apau National Park in 2012 through collaboration research between Naturalis Biodiversity Center, St Anne's Close and National Biodiversity Centre (Dow, Reels, and Ngiam 2015). They found 55 odonate species during the time period.  
  
 +
WWF also documented Usun Apau National Park in their publication entitled "The Environmental Status of Borneo" published in 2017 (Wulffraat & Greenwood 2017).
  
 
= Documented behaviours =
 
= Documented behaviours =
Line 305: Line 142:
  
  
−
'''Table 7. Behaviours documented for Semenggoh Nature Reserve'''
+
'''Table 7. Behaviours documented for Usun Apau National Park'''
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviours-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviours-table"
 
!Behavior
 
!Behavior
 
!Source
 
!Source
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Not reported
+
|Vocalization
−
|
+
|Ampeng et al 2021
 
|}
 
|}
−
 
  
 
= Exposure to climate change impacts =
 
= Exposure to climate change impacts =
Line 319: Line 155:
  
  
 +
= External links =
  
  
−
= External links =
 
−
 
−
[https://semenggoh.my/ Semenggoh Nature Reserve]]
 
  
 
= Relevant datasets =
 
= Relevant datasets =
Line 331: Line 165:
 
= References =
 
= References =
  
−
Sarawak Forestry Corporation (SFC). (n.d.). Semenggoh Nature Reserve. Online: https://semenggoh.my/about-us/
+
Ampeng, A., Liam, J., Simpson, B., Traelholt, C., Nor, S. M., Abdan-Saleman, M. S. B., ... & Md-Zain, B. M. (2021). First Bornean orangutan sighting in Usun Apau National Park, Sarawak. Biodiversity Data Journal, 9.
 +
 
 +
Ang, A., Brandon-Jones, D., Ruppert, N., Lee, Z. H., Affendi, A., Stanly Anyie, Y., Boonratana, R., Cheyne, S. M., Chua, A., Hayunieta, Irawan, A., Jerusalinsky, L., Karuniawati, A., Khalid, S., Koh, J., Lee, C., Lhota, S., Lwin, N., Mittermeier, R. A., … Roos, C. (2024). Asian langurs (Presbytis) conservation action plan 2024–2034. IUCN. https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/51546
  
−
Tisen, O.B. & Silang, S. (2016). Orangutan Conservation in Sarawak, Malaysia.15th National Peat Congress, 2016; Sarawak Forestry Corporation, Sarawak, Malaysia. Abstract No: A-394.
+
Dow, R. A., Reels, G. T., & Ngiam, R. W. (2015). Odonata collected at Usun Apau National Park, Miri Division, Sarawak, Malaysia in April and May 2012. International Dragonfly Fund: Report, 1-17.
  
−
Mohd-Rahmatullah, M. H. (2001). Nesting ecology of semi-wild orangutans at Semenggoh Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre, Sarawak. Thesis (undergraduate), Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan.
+
Mathai, J., Duckworth, J. W., Meijaard, E., Fredriksson, G., Hon, J., Sebastian, A., ... & Wilting, A. (2016). Carnivore conservation planning on Borneo: identifying key carnivore landscapes, research priorities and conservation interventions. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology.
  
−
Wesley, M. N. (2001). Activity budget of mother-infant pairs of semi-wild orangutans at Semenggoh Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre. Thesis (undergraduate) Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan.
+
Sarawak Tribune. 2022. Government to develop Usun Apau as tourist attraction. https://www.newsarawaktribune.com.my/government-to-develop-usun-apau-as-tourist-attraction/
  
−
Ali, N.S. (2021, Oct., 2). Not just survival of the fittest for orangutans in Sarawak reserve. Malaysia Now. https://www.malaysianow.com/news/2021/10/02/not-just-survival-of-the-fittest-for-orangutans-in-sarawak-reserve/
+
Wulffraat, S. and Greenwood, C. (2017). The environmental status of Borneo. WWF Heart of Borneo Programme.
  
  
  
−
'''Page created by: '''Muhammad Azizi Bin Ahmad Zaini & A.P.E.S. Wiki team''' Date:''' NA
+
'''Page created by: '''Cristiar Samosir''' Date:''' 2024-11-26 13:43:00

Revision as of 04:38, 22 January 2025

Asia > Malaysia > Usun Apau National Park

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Summary

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Site characteristics

Usun Apau National Park is described as pristine area known for its waterfalls. The government aims to develop ecotourism at Usun Apau National Park (Sarawak Tribune 2022). Usun Apau was also proposed to be included in the extension of the Heart of Borneo as part of Extended Baram Complex (Mathai et al. 2016). Other species such as Presbytis hosei and Presbytis rubicunda ignita are found in this national park (Ang et al.2024)

Table 1. Basic site information for Usun Apau National Park

Species Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus
Area 1550
Coordinates Lat: 39.86595 , Lon: -75.17879
Type of site Protected area (National Park)
Habitat types Subtropical/tropical moist montane forest, "Rocky areas (inland cliffs, mountain peaks)"
Type of governance Governance by government

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status

Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Usun Apau National Park

Species Year Abundance estimate (95% CI) Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) Encounter rate (nests/km) Area Method Source Comments A.P.E.S. database ID
Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus 2017-2020 Line transects Ampeng et al. 2021 The survey using line transect found 1 individual Bornean orangutan and 4 orangutan nests.
Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus 2017-2020 Aerial (drones/plane/helicopter) Ampeng et al. 2021 Aerial surveys fitted with FLIR-camera yet was unable to confirm the presence of additional nests from daytime aerial photographs.

Threats

Conservation activities

Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Usun Apau National Park

Category Specific activity Description Implementing organization(s) Year of activity
Cristiar Samosir

Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)

Challenges

Table 5. Challenges reported for Usun Apau National Park

Challenges Specific challenges Source Year(s)
Unknown

Enablers

Research activities

There was an expedition in Usun Apau Plateau by an Oxford University in 1955 (Arnold 1957). The expedition explored the montane plateau and also conducted archaelogical excavations from old longhouse.

Besides that, a study on dragonfly was also conducted in Usun Apau National Park in 2012 through collaboration research between Naturalis Biodiversity Center, St Anne's Close and National Biodiversity Centre (Dow, Reels, and Ngiam 2015). They found 55 odonate species during the time period.

WWF also documented Usun Apau National Park in their publication entitled "The Environmental Status of Borneo" published in 2017 (Wulffraat & Greenwood 2017).

Documented behaviours

Table 7. Behaviours documented for Usun Apau National Park

Behavior Source
Vocalization Ampeng et al 2021

Exposure to climate change impacts

External links

Relevant datasets

References

Ampeng, A., Liam, J., Simpson, B., Traelholt, C., Nor, S. M., Abdan-Saleman, M. S. B., ... & Md-Zain, B. M. (2021). First Bornean orangutan sighting in Usun Apau National Park, Sarawak. Biodiversity Data Journal, 9.

Ang, A., Brandon-Jones, D., Ruppert, N., Lee, Z. H., Affendi, A., Stanly Anyie, Y., Boonratana, R., Cheyne, S. M., Chua, A., Hayunieta, Irawan, A., Jerusalinsky, L., Karuniawati, A., Khalid, S., Koh, J., Lee, C., Lhota, S., Lwin, N., Mittermeier, R. A., … Roos, C. (2024). Asian langurs (Presbytis) conservation action plan 2024–2034. IUCN. https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/51546

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