Diécké Classified Forest

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Summary

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Leaflet

• Western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) are present in Diécké Classified Forest.
• It has been estimated that 80 (CI: 25-253) individuals occur in the forest.
• The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
• This site has a total size of 640 km².
• Key threats to chimpanzees are poaching and habitat destruction.
• The following conservation activities were conducted by the Centre Forestier de N'Zérékoré: land-use planning, reforestation and monitoring of illegal hunting.
• Diécké Classified Forest is one of the last biodiversity rich forest blocks remaining in southern Guinea.

Site characteristics

Diécké is a forest in southern Guinea close to the border with Liberia (7°39'N - 7°21'N and 9°06'W - 8°47'W) and was designated as a Classified Forest in 1945 (IUCN category not reported, UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2018). The forest is located in Guinée forestière, one of four Guinean natural regions, and is part of the region N'Zérékoré. It is about 100 km west of Bossou and 950 km from the capital Conakry (Carvalho 2011). The forest has a size of 640 km², 70% of which are dense forest and the remainder being sparsely forested areas, fallows, and open land (WCF 2012). Diécké forest has a rich biodiversity with hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius), duikers, and several primate species, including chimpanzees (WCF 2012). It is also listed as an Important Bird Area and harbors several species of plants and amphibians. Together with Ziama forest, this is one of the last remaining large forest blocks in southern Guinea. The terrain is partly hilly and ranges in altitude from 50-800m (Carvalho 2012).

Table 1. Basic site information for Diécké Classified Forest

Species	Pan troglodytes verus
Area	640 km²
Coordinates	Lat: 7.54 , Lon: -8.94
Type of site	Protected area (Classified Forest)
Habitat types	Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest
Type of governance

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status

Based on a nation-wide questionnaire survey, the presence of western chimpanzees was confirmed by Sugiyama & Soumah (1988). In a nationwide survey Rebecca Kormos identified Ziama Biosphere Reserve as the second most important priority area for western chimpanzee conservation in Guinea due to high chimpanzee densities encountered during reconnaissance surveys (Ham 1998). A nationwide survey by the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation estimated the chimpanzee population size at around 80 individuals (WCF 2012).

Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Diécké Classified Forest

Species	Year	Abundance estimate (95% CI)	Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)	Encounter rate (nests/km)	Area	Method	Source	Comments	A.P.E.S. database ID
Pan troglodytes verus	1988	50			Diécké forest	Interviews	Sugiyama & Soumah 1988	Questionnaire survey
Pan troglodytes verus	1997	209-307	0.17	2.6	Diécké forest	Line transects	Ham 1998	Total survey effort: 5.2 km
Pan troglodytes verus	2012	80 (25-253)	0.14	0.3	Diécké forest	Line transects	WCF 2012	Total survey effort:144.8km

Threats

Illegal poaching represents the major threat to the chimpanzee population in the park (WCF 2012, Ham 1998). More than 500,000 immigrants migrated to this area beginning in 1989 from Sierra Leone and Liberia resulting in a strong increase in illegal logging (Carvalho 2011). There was also an increase in plantations of oil palm, rubber, and crops (Carvalho 2011).

Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Diécké Classified Forest

Category	Specific threats	Threat level	Description	Year of threat
1 Residential & commercial development		Absent
2 Agriculture & aquaculture	2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops	High	Plantations for oil palm and rubber, and other crops (Carvalho 2011, UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2018)	Ongoing (2011, 2018)
3 Energy production & mining		Absent
4 Transportation & service corridors	4.1 Roads & railroads	Medium	Second highest encounter rate of all anthropogenic signs (WCF 2012)	Ongoing (2012)
5 Biological resource use	5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals	High	Illegal poaching is consistently mentioned as the most prevalent threat across reports (Carvalho 2011, UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2018)	Ongoing (2011, 2018)
5 Biological resource use	5.3 Logging & wood harvesting	Present	Logging increased strongly when migrants arrived from Sierra Leone and Liberia in 1989 (Carvalho 2011). Signs of logging and charcoal production were found in a survey in 2011 (WCF 2012)	Ongoing (2012)
6 Human intrusions & disturbance		Absent
7 Natural system modifications		Absent
8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases		Unknown
9 Pollution		Absent
10 Geological events		Absent
11 Climate change & severe weather		Unknown
12 Other threat		Absent

IUCN Threats list

Conservation activities

The Centre Forestier de N'Zérékoré is responsible for Diécké Classified Forest. In the 1990’s the forest was divided into three land-use zones, the outer two allowing for different degrees of human activities, while the core of the forest was designated a ‘integrally protected area’ (WCF 2012). After 2000 Progerfor (the Projet de Gestion des Ressources Forestières), a cooperation between Centre Forestier de N'Zérékoré and German partners, conducted conservation activities, including reforestation and monitoring of illegal hunting (Carvalho 2011).

Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Diécké Classified Forest

Category	Specific activity	Description	Implementing organization(s)	Year of activity
2 Counter-wildlife crime	2.11 Implement monitoring surveillance strategies (e.g., SMART) or use monitoring data to improve effectiveness of patrols	Monitoring of illegal hunting was conducted (Carvalho 2011), but it is not clear whether these activities are still ongoing		Unknown
5 Protection & restoration	5.1 Create buffer zones around protected ape habitat	Forest was divided into three land-use zones, with the core of the forest being (25% of total areas) designated as an ‘integrally protected area’ (Carvalho 2011)		After 2000
5 Protection & restoration	5.2 Legally protect ape habitat	Designated as Classified Forest since 1945 (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2018)		Ongoing (2018)
5 Protection & restoration	5.6 Habitat restoration	Reforestation activities by Progerfor (Carvalho 2011)		After 2000

Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)

Challenges

Table 5. Challenges reported for Diécké Classified Forest

Challenges	Specific challenges	Source	Year(s)
	Not reported

Enablers

Table 6. Enablers reported for Diécké Classified Forest

Enablers	Specific enablers	Source	Year(s)
1 Site management
2 Resources and capacity
3 Engaged community
4 Institutional support
5 Ecological context
6 Safety and stability

Research activities

From 1996 to 1997 Rebecca Kormos (née Ham) did a nationwide surveys on chimpanzees across Guinea (Ham 1998). She identified Diécké Classified Forest as a priority site. In 1999 Tetsuro Matsuzawa did a preliminary survey in Diécké to scope for a possible future research site (Matsuzawa et al. 1999) and discovered that the chimpanzees crack panda nuts. To inform the extension of the protected area network Brugiere and Kormos (2009) identified 16 Key Biodiversity Areas across Guinea based on the occurrence of globally threatened large and medium-sized mammals, among which Diécké Classified Forest ranked second. From 2006 to 2008 Sousa and Carvalho conducted research in Diécké to study the nut-cracking behavior of chimpanzees (Carvalho 2011). The Wild Chimpanzee Foundation did a nationwide inventory of chimpanzee populations in Guinea between 2009 and 2011. The WCF monitoring team covered a total of 10 sites, including Diécké Classified Forest, using transect surveys (WCF 2012).

Documented behaviours

Table 7. Behaviours documented for Diécké Classified Forest

Behavior	Source
Nut cracking	Matsuzawa et al. 1999, Carvalho 2011

References

Brugiere D, Kormos R. 2009. Review of the protected area network in Guinea, West Africa, and recommendations for new sites for biodiversity conservation, Biodiversity and Conservation, 18:847

Carvalho S. 2011. Diécké forest, Guinea: delving into chimpanzee behavior using Stone tool surveys, in Matsuzawa T, Humle T and Sugiyama Y, ed. The chimpanzees of Bossou and Nimba. Springer. Tokyo

Ham R. 1998. Nationwide chimpanzee census and large mammal survey Republic of Guinea. Unpublished report for the European Communion, Guinea-Conakry.

Matsuzawa T et al. 1999. Diecke Forest Guinea. Report. Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Japan

Sugiyama, Y. & Soumah, A.G. (1988) Preliminary Survey of the Distribution and Population of Chimpanzees in the Republic of Guinea. Primates, 29(4):569-574

UNEP-WCMC, IUCN. 2018. Protected Planet: The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA), Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN Online: diecke-classified-forest www.protectedplanet.net

WCF. 2012. Etat de la faune et des menaces dans les aires protégées terrestres et principales zones de forte biodiversité de Rep. de Guinée. Report. Wild Chimpanzee Foundation, Sangaredi, Republic of Guinea. Online: www.wildchimps.org

Page created by: A.P.E.S. Wiki Team Date: NA