Difference between revisions of "Diécké Classified Forest"

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[[West Africa]] > [[Republic of Guinea]] > [[Diécké Classified Forest]]
 
[[West Africa]] > [[Republic of Guinea]] > [[Diécké Classified Forest]]
  
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->
+
'''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Diécké_Classified_Forest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Français]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Diécké_Classified_Forest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=pt&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Português]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Diécké_Classified_Forest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=es&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Español]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Diécké_Classified_Forest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=id&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Bahasa Indonesia]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Diécké_Classified_Forest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Melayu]'''
<div style="float: right">
 
{{#display_map: height=200px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap
 
|7.54, -8.94~[[Diécké Classified Forest]]~Western Chimpanzee
 
}}
 
</div>
 
  
 +
__TOC__
 +
= Summary =
 +
 +
<div style="float: right">{{#display_map: height=190px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap|7.54, -8.94~[[Diécké Classified Forest]]~Pan troglodytes verus}}</div>
 
* Western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus'') are present in Diécké Classified Forest.
 
* Western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus'') are present in Diécké Classified Forest.
 
* It has been estimated that 80 (CI: 25-253) individuals occur in the forest.
 
* It has been estimated that 80 (CI: 25-253) individuals occur in the forest.
* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.  
+
* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
* This site has a total size of 640 km².  
+
* This site has a total size of 640 km².
* Key threats to chimpanzees are poaching and habitat destruction.  
+
* Key threats to chimpanzees are poaching and habitat destruction.
* The following conservation activities were conducted by the Centre Forestier de N'Zérékoré: land-use planning, reforestation and monitoring of illegal hunting.  
+
* The following conservation activities were conducted by the Centre Forestier de N'Zérékoré: land-use planning, reforestation and monitoring of illegal hunting.
* Diécké Classified Forest is one of the last biodiversity rich forest blocks remaining in southern Guinea.  
+
* Diécké Classified Forest is one of the last biodiversity rich forest blocks remaining in southern Guinea.
  
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
 
  
Diécké is a forest in southern Guinea close to the border with Liberia (7°39'N - 7°21'N and 9°06'W - 8°47'W) and was designated as a Classified Forest in 1945 (IUCN category not reported, [https://www.protectedplanet.net/diecke-classified-forest UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2018]). The forest is located in Guinée forestière, one of four Guinean natural regions, and is part of the region N'Zérékoré. It is about 100 km west of Bossou and 950 km from the capital Conakry (Carvalho 2011). The forest has a size of 640 km², 70% of which are dense forest and the remainder being sparsely forested areas, fallows, and open land ([http://www.wildchimps.org  WCF 2012]). Diécké forest has a rich biodiversity with hippopotamus (''Hippopotamus amphibius''), duikers, and several primate species, including chimpanzees (WCF 2012). It is also listed as an Important Bird Area and harbors several species of plants and amphibians. Together with Ziama forest, this is one of the last remaining large forest blocks in southern Guinea. The terrain is partly hilly and ranges in altitude from 50-800m (Carvalho 2012).  
+
= Site characteristics =
 +
 
 +
Diécké is a forest in southern Guinea close to the border with Liberia (7°39'N - 7°21'N and 9°06'W - 8°47'W) and was designated as a Classified Forest in 1945 (IUCN category not reported, [https://www.protectedplanet.net/diecke-classified-forest UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2018]). The forest is located in Guinée forestière, one of four Guinean natural regions, and is part of the region N'Zérékoré. It is about 100 km west of Bossou and 950 km from the capital Conakry (Carvalho 2011). The forest has a size of 640 km², 70% of which are dense forest and the remainder being sparsely forested areas, fallows, and open land ([http://www.wildchimps.org  WCF 2012]). Diécké forest has a rich biodiversity with hippopotamus (''Hippopotamus amphibius''), duikers, and several primate species, including chimpanzees (WCF 2012). It is also listed as an Important Bird Area and harbors several species of plants and amphibians. Together with Ziama forest, this is one of the last remaining large forest blocks in southern Guinea. The terrain is partly hilly and ranges in altitude from 50-800m (Carvalho 2012).
  
 
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Diécké Classified Forest'''
 
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Diécké Classified Forest'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
+
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Site_characteristics-table"
| Area             <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha    -->
+
|Species
|640 km²
+
|Pan troglodytes verus
 +
|-
 +
|Area
 +
|640 km²
 +
|-
 +
|Coordinates
 +
|Lat: 7.54 , Lon:  -8.94
 
|-
 
|-
| Coordinates
+
|Type of site
|7.54, -8.94
+
|Protected area (Classified Forest)
 
|-
 
|-
| Designation      <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc.  -->
+
|Habitat types
|Classified Forest (IUCN Management Category not reported)
+
|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest
 
|-
 
|-
|Habitat types    <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (Without number), see link below -->
+
|Type of governance
|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest
+
|
 
|}
 
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories]  [[Site designations]]
 
  
= Ape status = <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
+
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
 +
= Ape status =
  
Based on a nation-wide questionnaire survey, the presence of western chimpanzees was confirmed by Sugiyama & Soumah (1988). In a nationwide survey Rebecca Kormos identified Ziama Biosphere Reserve as the second most important priority area for western chimpanzee conservation in Guinea due to high chimpanzee densities encountered during reconnaissance surveys (Ham 1998). A nationwide survey by the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation estimated the chimpanzee population size at around 80 individuals (WCF 2012).  
+
Based on a nation-wide questionnaire survey, the presence of western chimpanzees was confirmed by Sugiyama & Soumah (1988). In a nationwide survey Rebecca Kormos identified Ziama Biosphere Reserve as the second most important priority area for western chimpanzee conservation in Guinea due to high chimpanzee densities encountered during reconnaissance surveys (Ham 1998). A nationwide survey by the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation estimated the chimpanzee population size at around 80 individuals (WCF 2012).
  
'''Table 2. Great ape population estimates in Diécké Classified Forest'''
+
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Diécké Classified Forest'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
+
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Ape_status-table"
! Species
+
!Species
! Year
+
!Year
! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
+
!Abundance estimate (95% CI)
! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
+
!Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
+
!Encounter rate (nests/km)
! Area
+
!Area
! Method
+
!Method
! Source
+
!Source
! Comments
+
!Comments
! A.P.E.S. database ID
+
!A.P.E.S. database ID
 
|-
 
|-
 
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
 
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
Line 70: Line 65:
 
|
 
|
 
|Diécké forest
 
|Diécké forest
|Interview method
+
|Interviews
 
|Sugiyama & Soumah 1988
 
|Sugiyama & Soumah 1988
 
|Questionnaire survey
 
|Questionnaire survey
Line 78: Line 73:
 
|1997
 
|1997
 
|209-307
 
|209-307
|0.17  
+
|0.17
|2.6  
+
|2.6
 
|Diécké forest
 
|Diécké forest
|Line transects (Distance)
+
|Line transects
 
|Ham 1998
 
|Ham 1998
 
|Total survey effort: 5.2 km
 
|Total survey effort: 5.2 km
Line 90: Line 85:
 
|80 (25-253)
 
|80 (25-253)
 
|0.14
 
|0.14
|0.3  
+
|0.3
 
|Diécké forest
 
|Diécké forest
|Line transects (Distance)
+
|Line transects
 
|WCF 2012
 
|WCF 2012
 
|Total survey effort:144.8km
 
|Total survey effort:144.8km
Line 98: Line 93:
 
|}
 
|}
  
= Threats =     <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
+
= Threats =
  
 
Illegal poaching represents the major threat to the chimpanzee population in the park (WCF 2012, Ham 1998). More than 500,000 immigrants migrated to this area beginning in 1989 from Sierra Leone and Liberia resulting in a strong increase in illegal logging (Carvalho 2011). There was also an increase in plantations of oil palm, rubber, and crops (Carvalho 2011).
 
Illegal poaching represents the major threat to the chimpanzee population in the park (WCF 2012, Ham 1998). More than 500,000 immigrants migrated to this area beginning in 1989 from Sierra Leone and Liberia resulting in a strong increase in illegal logging (Carvalho 2011). There was also an increase in plantations of oil palm, rubber, and crops (Carvalho 2011).
  
'''Table 3. Threats to great apes in Diécké Classified Forest'''
+
'''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Diécké Classified Forest'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
+
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Threats-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
+
!Category
!Specific threats   <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
+
!Specific threats
!Threat level       <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: unknown, low, high -->
+
!Threat level
!Quantified severity <!-- e.g., encounter rate, number of miners etc. (with reference)-->
+
!Description
!Description         <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
+
!Year of threat
!Year of threat     <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets-->
 
 
|-
 
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
+
|1 Residential & commercial development
 
|
 
|
 
|Absent
 
|Absent
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
+
|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
 
|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
 
|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
 
|High
 
|High
|0.30 signs of agriculture/km (43 signs of agriculture, survey effort: 144.853 km, WCF 2012)
 
 
|Plantations for oil palm and rubber, and other crops (Carvalho 2011, UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2018)
 
|Plantations for oil palm and rubber, and other crops (Carvalho 2011, UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2018)
 
|Ongoing (2011, 2018)
 
|Ongoing (2011, 2018)
 
|-
 
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
+
|3 Energy production & mining
 
|
 
|
 
|Absent
 
|Absent
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
+
|4 Transportation & service corridors
 
|4.1 Roads & railroads
 
|4.1 Roads & railroads
 
|Medium
 
|Medium
|1.26 roads/km (182 roads, survey effort: 144.853 km, WCF 2012)
 
 
|Second highest encounter rate of all anthropogenic signs (WCF 2012)
 
|Second highest encounter rate of all anthropogenic signs (WCF 2012)
 
|Ongoing (2012)
 
|Ongoing (2012)
 
|-
 
|-
|5. Biological resource use
+
|5 Biological resource use
 
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
 
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
 
|High
 
|High
|1.45 signs of hunting/km (210 signs of hunting, survey effort: 144.853 km, WCF 2012)
+
|Illegal poaching is consistently mentioned as the most prevalent threat across reports (Carvalho 2011, UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2018)
|Illegal poaching is consistently mentioned as the most prevalent threat across reports (Carvalho 2011, UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2018)  
 
 
|Ongoing (2011, 2018)
 
|Ongoing (2011, 2018)
 
|-
 
|-
|
+
|5 Biological resource use
 
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
 
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
 
|Present
 
|Present
|0.05 signs of wood extraction/km (7 signs of wood extraction, survey effort: 144.853 km, WCF 2012)
 
 
|Logging increased strongly when migrants arrived from Sierra Leone and Liberia in 1989 (Carvalho 2011). Signs of logging and charcoal production were found in a survey in 2011 (WCF 2012)
 
|Logging increased strongly when migrants arrived from Sierra Leone and Liberia in 1989 (Carvalho 2011). Signs of logging and charcoal production were found in a survey in 2011 (WCF 2012)
 
|Ongoing (2012)
 
|Ongoing (2012)
 
|-
 
|-
|6. Human intrusions & disturbance
+
|6 Human intrusions & disturbance
 
|
 
|
 
|Absent
 
|Absent
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
+
|7 Natural system modifications
 
|
 
|
 
|Absent
 
|Absent
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
+
|8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases
 
|
 
|
 
|Unknown
 
|Unknown
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
|9. Pollution
+
|9 Pollution
 
|
 
|
 
|Absent
 
|Absent
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
|10. Geological Events
+
|10 Geological events
 
|
 
|
 
|Absent
 
|Absent
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
| 11. Climate change & severe weather
+
|11 Climate change & severe weather
 
|
 
|
 
|Unknown
 
|Unknown
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
|12. Other options
+
|12 Other threat
 
|
 
|
 
|Absent
 
|Absent
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
|
 
|-
 
 
|}
 
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
 
  
= Conservation activities =       <!-- a text overview of conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
+
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
 +
= Conservation activities =
  
The Centre Forestier de N'Zérékoré is responsible for Diécké Classified Forest. In the 1990’s the forest was divided into three land-use zones, the outer two allowing for different degrees of human activities, while the core of the forest was designated a ‘integrally protected area’ (WCF 2012). After 2000 Progerfor (the Projet de Gestion des Ressources Forestières), a cooperation between Centre Forestier de N'Zérékoré  and German partners, conducted conservation activities, including reforestation and monitoring of illegal hunting (Carvalho 2011).  
+
The Centre Forestier de N'Zérékoré is responsible for Diécké Classified Forest. In the 1990’s the forest was divided into three land-use zones, the outer two allowing for different degrees of human activities, while the core of the forest was designated a ‘integrally protected area’ (WCF 2012). After 2000 Progerfor (the Projet de Gestion des Ressources Forestières), a cooperation between Centre Forestier de N'Zérékoré  and German partners, conducted conservation activities, including reforestation and monitoring of illegal hunting (Carvalho 2011).
  
'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Diécké Classified Forest'''
+
'''Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Diécké Classified Forest'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
+
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Conservation_activities-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
+
!Category
!Specific activity   <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
+
!Specific activity
!Description         <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
+
!Description
!Year of activity         <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets -->
+
!Implementing organization(s)
 +
!Year of activity
 
|-
 
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
+
|2 Counter-wildlife crime
|Not reported
+
|2.11 Implement monitoring surveillance strategies (e.g., SMART) or use monitoring data to improve effectiveness of patrols
 +
|Monitoring of illegal hunting was conducted (Carvalho 2011),  but it is not clear whether these activities are still ongoing
 
|
 
|
 +
|Unknown
 +
|-
 +
|5 Protection & restoration
 +
|5.1 Create buffer zones around protected ape habitat
 +
|Forest was divided into three land-use zones, with the core of the forest being (25% of total areas) designated as an ‘integrally protected area’ (Carvalho 2011)
 
|
 
|
 +
|After 2000
 
|-
 
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
+
|5 Protection & restoration
|Not reported
+
|5.2 Legally protect ape habitat
 +
|Designated as Classified Forest since 1945 (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2018)
 
|
 
|
 +
|Ongoing (2018)
 +
|-
 +
|5 Protection & restoration
 +
|5.6 Habitat restoration
 +
|Reforestation activities by Progerfor (Carvalho 2011)
 
|
 
|
 +
|After 2000
 +
|}
 +
 +
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
 +
= Challenges =
 +
 +
 +
 +
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Diécké Classified Forest'''
 +
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Challenges-table"
 +
!Challenges
 +
!Specific challenges
 +
!Source
 +
!Year(s)
 
|-
 
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
+
|
 
|Not reported
 
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 +
|}
 +
 +
= Enablers =
 +
 +
 +
 +
'''Table 6. Enablers reported for Diécké Classified Forest'''
 +
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="enabler-table"
 +
!Enablers
 +
!Specific enablers
 +
!Source
 +
!Year(s)
 
|-
 
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
+
|1 Site management
|Not reported
+
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
|5. Biological resource use
+
|2 Resources and capacity
|5.15. Implement monitoring surveillance strategies (e.g. SMART) or use monitoring data to improve effectiveness of wildlife law enforcement patrols
 
|Monitoring of illegal hunting was conducted (Carvalho 2011),  but it is not clear whether these activities are still ongoing
 
|Unknown
 
|-
 
|6. Human intrusions & disturbance
 
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
|
 
|-
 
|7. Natural system modifications
 
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
+
|3 Engaged community
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
|
 
|-
 
|9. Pollution
 
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
|10. Education & Awareness
+
|4 Institutional support
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
|-
 
|11. Habitat Protection
 
|11.1. Create buffer zones around protected primate habitat
 
|Forest was divided into three land-use zones, with the core of the forest being (25% of total areas) designated as an ‘integrally protected area’ (Carvalho 2011)
 
|After 2000
 
|-
 
 
|
 
|
|11.2. Legally protect primate habitat
 
|Designated as Classified Forest since 1945 (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2018)
 
|Ongoing (2018)
 
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|5 Ecological context
 
|
 
|
|11.8. Plant indigenous trees to re-establish natural tree communities in clear-cut areas
 
|Reforestation activities by Progerfor (Carvalho 2011)
 
|After 2000
 
|-
 
|12. Species Management
 
 
|
 
|
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
+
|6 Safety and stability
 +
|
 
|
 
|
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
|-
 
 
|}
 
|}
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
 
  
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->
+
= Research activities =
 +
 
 +
From 1996 to 1997 Rebecca Kormos (née Ham) did a nationwide surveys on chimpanzees across Guinea (Ham 1998). She identified Diécké Classified Forest as a priority site. In 1999 Tetsuro Matsuzawa did a preliminary survey in Diécké to scope for a possible future research site (Matsuzawa et al. 1999) and discovered that the chimpanzees crack panda nuts. To inform the extension of the protected area network Brugiere and Kormos (2009) identified 16 Key Biodiversity Areas across Guinea based on the occurrence of globally threatened large and medium-sized mammals, among which Diécké Classified Forest ranked second. From 2006 to 2008 Sousa and Carvalho conducted research in Diécké to study the nut-cracking behavior of chimpanzees (Carvalho 2011). The Wild Chimpanzee Foundation did a nationwide inventory of chimpanzee populations in Guinea between 2009 and 2011. The WCF monitoring team covered a total of 10 sites, including Diécké Classified Forest, using transect surveys (WCF 2012).
 +
 
 +
= Documented behaviours =
 +
 
  
  
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Diécké Classified Forest'''
+
'''Table 7. Behaviours documented for Diécké Classified Forest'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
+
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviours-table"
!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
+
!Behavior
!Source   <!-- source for impediment mentioned -->
+
!Source
|-
 
|Not reported
 
|
 
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|Nut cracking
 +
|Matsuzawa  et al. 1999, Carvalho 2011
 
|}
 
|}
  
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
+
= Exposure to climate change impacts =
  
From 1996 to 1997 Rebecca Kormos (née Ham) did a nationwide surveys on chimpanzees across Guinea (Ham 1998). She identified Diécké Classified Forest as a priority site. In 1999 Tetsuro Matsuzawa did a preliminary survey in Diécké to scope for a possible future research site (Matsuzawa et al. 1999) and discovered that the chimpanzees crack panda nuts. To inform the extension of the protected area network Brugiere and Kormos (2009) identified 16 Key Biodiversity Areas across Guinea based on the occurrence of globally threatened large and medium-sized mammals, among which Diécké Classified Forest ranked second. From 2006 to 2008 Sousa and Carvalho conducted research in Diécké to study the nut-cracking behavior of chimpanzees (Carvalho 2011). The Wild Chimpanzee Foundation did a nationwide inventory of chimpanzee populations in Guinea between 2009 and 2011. The WCF monitoring team covered a total of 10 sites, including Diécké Classified Forest, using transect surveys (WCF 2012).
 
  
  
===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
+
= External links =
  
  
'''Table 6. Great ape behaviors reported for Diécké Classified Forest'''
+
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
+
= Relevant datasets =
!align="left"|Behavior  <!-- Do not change categories -->
+
 
!Source  <!-- source for behavior -->
 
|-
 
|Nut cracking
 
|Matsuzawa  et al. 1999, Carvalho 2011
 
|-
 
|}
 
  
  
 
= References =
 
= References =
Brugiere D, Kormos R. 2009. Review of the protected area network in Guinea, West Africa, and recommendations for new sites for biodiversity conservation, Biodiversity and Conservation, 18:847 <br>
+
 
Carvalho S. 2011. Diécké forest, Guinea: delving into chimpanzee behavior using Stone tool surveys, in Matsuzawa T, Humle T and Sugiyama Y, ed. The chimpanzees of Bossou and Nimba. Springer. Tokyo <br>
+
Brugiere D, Kormos R. 2009. Review of the protected area network in Guinea, West Africa, and recommendations for new sites for biodiversity conservation, Biodiversity and Conservation, 18:847
Ham R. 1998. Nationwide chimpanzee census and large mammal survey Republic of Guinea. Unpublished report for the European Communion, Guinea-Conakry. <br>
+
 
Matsuzawa T et al. 1999. Diecke Forest Guinea. Report. Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Japan <br>
+
Carvalho S. 2011. Diécké forest, Guinea: delving into chimpanzee behavior using Stone tool surveys, in Matsuzawa T, Humle T and Sugiyama Y, ed. The chimpanzees of Bossou and Nimba. Springer. Tokyo
Sugiyama, Y. & Soumah, A.G. (1988) Preliminary Survey of the Distribution and Population of Chimpanzees in the Republic of Guinea. Primates, 29(4):569-574 <br>
+
 
UNEP-WCMC, IUCN. 2018. Protected Planet: The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA), Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN Online: [https://www.protectedplanet.net/ diecke-classified-forest  www.protectedplanet.net] <br>
+
Ham R. 1998. Nationwide chimpanzee census and large mammal survey Republic of Guinea. Unpublished report for the European Communion, Guinea-Conakry.
WCF. 2012. Etat de la faune et des menaces dans les aires protégées terrestres et principales zones de forte biodiversité de Rep. de Guinée. Report. Wild Chimpanzee Foundation, Sangaredi, Republic of Guinea. Online: [http://www.wildchimps.org  www.wildchimps.org] <br>
+
 
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Matsuzawa T et al. 1999. Diecke Forest Guinea. Report. Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Japan
 +
 
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Sugiyama, Y. & Soumah, A.G. (1988) Preliminary Survey of the Distribution and Population of Chimpanzees in the Republic of Guinea. Primates, 29(4):569-574
 +
 
 +
UNEP-WCMC, IUCN. 2018. Protected Planet: The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA), Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN Online: [https://www.protectedplanet.net/ diecke-classified-forest  www.protectedplanet.net]
 +
 
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WCF. 2012. Etat de la faune et des menaces dans les aires protégées terrestres et principales zones de forte biodiversité de Rep. de Guinée. Report. Wild Chimpanzee Foundation, Sangaredi, Republic of Guinea. Online: [http://www.wildchimps.org  www.wildchimps.org]
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'''Page created by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki Team''' Date:''' NA
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Latest revision as of 11:06, 24 January 2025

West Africa > Republic of Guinea > Diécké Classified Forest

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Summary

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  • Western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) are present in Diécké Classified Forest.
  • It has been estimated that 80 (CI: 25-253) individuals occur in the forest.
  • The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
  • This site has a total size of 640 km².
  • Key threats to chimpanzees are poaching and habitat destruction.
  • The following conservation activities were conducted by the Centre Forestier de N'Zérékoré: land-use planning, reforestation and monitoring of illegal hunting.
  • Diécké Classified Forest is one of the last biodiversity rich forest blocks remaining in southern Guinea.


Site characteristics

Diécké is a forest in southern Guinea close to the border with Liberia (7°39'N - 7°21'N and 9°06'W - 8°47'W) and was designated as a Classified Forest in 1945 (IUCN category not reported, UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2018). The forest is located in Guinée forestière, one of four Guinean natural regions, and is part of the region N'Zérékoré. It is about 100 km west of Bossou and 950 km from the capital Conakry (Carvalho 2011). The forest has a size of 640 km², 70% of which are dense forest and the remainder being sparsely forested areas, fallows, and open land (WCF 2012). Diécké forest has a rich biodiversity with hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius), duikers, and several primate species, including chimpanzees (WCF 2012). It is also listed as an Important Bird Area and harbors several species of plants and amphibians. Together with Ziama forest, this is one of the last remaining large forest blocks in southern Guinea. The terrain is partly hilly and ranges in altitude from 50-800m (Carvalho 2012).

Table 1. Basic site information for Diécké Classified Forest

Species Pan troglodytes verus
Area 640 km²
Coordinates Lat: 7.54 , Lon: -8.94
Type of site Protected area (Classified Forest)
Habitat types Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest
Type of governance

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status

Based on a nation-wide questionnaire survey, the presence of western chimpanzees was confirmed by Sugiyama & Soumah (1988). In a nationwide survey Rebecca Kormos identified Ziama Biosphere Reserve as the second most important priority area for western chimpanzee conservation in Guinea due to high chimpanzee densities encountered during reconnaissance surveys (Ham 1998). A nationwide survey by the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation estimated the chimpanzee population size at around 80 individuals (WCF 2012).

Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Diécké Classified Forest

Species Year Abundance estimate (95% CI) Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) Encounter rate (nests/km) Area Method Source Comments A.P.E.S. database ID
Pan troglodytes verus 1988 50 Diécké forest Interviews Sugiyama & Soumah 1988 Questionnaire survey
Pan troglodytes verus 1997 209-307 0.17 2.6 Diécké forest Line transects Ham 1998 Total survey effort: 5.2 km
Pan troglodytes verus 2012 80 (25-253) 0.14 0.3 Diécké forest Line transects WCF 2012 Total survey effort:144.8km

Threats

Illegal poaching represents the major threat to the chimpanzee population in the park (WCF 2012, Ham 1998). More than 500,000 immigrants migrated to this area beginning in 1989 from Sierra Leone and Liberia resulting in a strong increase in illegal logging (Carvalho 2011). There was also an increase in plantations of oil palm, rubber, and crops (Carvalho 2011).

Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Diécké Classified Forest

Category Specific threats Threat level Description Year of threat
1 Residential & commercial development Absent
2 Agriculture & aquaculture 2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops High Plantations for oil palm and rubber, and other crops (Carvalho 2011, UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2018) Ongoing (2011, 2018)
3 Energy production & mining Absent
4 Transportation & service corridors 4.1 Roads & railroads Medium Second highest encounter rate of all anthropogenic signs (WCF 2012) Ongoing (2012)
5 Biological resource use 5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals High Illegal poaching is consistently mentioned as the most prevalent threat across reports (Carvalho 2011, UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2018) Ongoing (2011, 2018)
5 Biological resource use 5.3 Logging & wood harvesting Present Logging increased strongly when migrants arrived from Sierra Leone and Liberia in 1989 (Carvalho 2011). Signs of logging and charcoal production were found in a survey in 2011 (WCF 2012) Ongoing (2012)
6 Human intrusions & disturbance Absent
7 Natural system modifications Absent
8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases Unknown
9 Pollution Absent
10 Geological events Absent
11 Climate change & severe weather Unknown
12 Other threat Absent

IUCN Threats list

Conservation activities

The Centre Forestier de N'Zérékoré is responsible for Diécké Classified Forest. In the 1990’s the forest was divided into three land-use zones, the outer two allowing for different degrees of human activities, while the core of the forest was designated a ‘integrally protected area’ (WCF 2012). After 2000 Progerfor (the Projet de Gestion des Ressources Forestières), a cooperation between Centre Forestier de N'Zérékoré and German partners, conducted conservation activities, including reforestation and monitoring of illegal hunting (Carvalho 2011).

Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Diécké Classified Forest

Category Specific activity Description Implementing organization(s) Year of activity
2 Counter-wildlife crime 2.11 Implement monitoring surveillance strategies (e.g., SMART) or use monitoring data to improve effectiveness of patrols Monitoring of illegal hunting was conducted (Carvalho 2011), but it is not clear whether these activities are still ongoing Unknown
5 Protection & restoration 5.1 Create buffer zones around protected ape habitat Forest was divided into three land-use zones, with the core of the forest being (25% of total areas) designated as an ‘integrally protected area’ (Carvalho 2011) After 2000
5 Protection & restoration 5.2 Legally protect ape habitat Designated as Classified Forest since 1945 (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2018) Ongoing (2018)
5 Protection & restoration 5.6 Habitat restoration Reforestation activities by Progerfor (Carvalho 2011) After 2000

Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)

Challenges

Table 5. Challenges reported for Diécké Classified Forest

Challenges Specific challenges Source Year(s)
Not reported

Enablers

Table 6. Enablers reported for Diécké Classified Forest

Enablers Specific enablers Source Year(s)
1 Site management
2 Resources and capacity
3 Engaged community
4 Institutional support
5 Ecological context
6 Safety and stability

Research activities

From 1996 to 1997 Rebecca Kormos (née Ham) did a nationwide surveys on chimpanzees across Guinea (Ham 1998). She identified Diécké Classified Forest as a priority site. In 1999 Tetsuro Matsuzawa did a preliminary survey in Diécké to scope for a possible future research site (Matsuzawa et al. 1999) and discovered that the chimpanzees crack panda nuts. To inform the extension of the protected area network Brugiere and Kormos (2009) identified 16 Key Biodiversity Areas across Guinea based on the occurrence of globally threatened large and medium-sized mammals, among which Diécké Classified Forest ranked second. From 2006 to 2008 Sousa and Carvalho conducted research in Diécké to study the nut-cracking behavior of chimpanzees (Carvalho 2011). The Wild Chimpanzee Foundation did a nationwide inventory of chimpanzee populations in Guinea between 2009 and 2011. The WCF monitoring team covered a total of 10 sites, including Diécké Classified Forest, using transect surveys (WCF 2012).

Documented behaviours

Table 7. Behaviours documented for Diécké Classified Forest

Behavior Source
Nut cracking Matsuzawa et al. 1999, Carvalho 2011

Exposure to climate change impacts

External links

Relevant datasets

References

Brugiere D, Kormos R. 2009. Review of the protected area network in Guinea, West Africa, and recommendations for new sites for biodiversity conservation, Biodiversity and Conservation, 18:847

Carvalho S. 2011. Diécké forest, Guinea: delving into chimpanzee behavior using Stone tool surveys, in Matsuzawa T, Humle T and Sugiyama Y, ed. The chimpanzees of Bossou and Nimba. Springer. Tokyo

Ham R. 1998. Nationwide chimpanzee census and large mammal survey Republic of Guinea. Unpublished report for the European Communion, Guinea-Conakry.

Matsuzawa T et al. 1999. Diecke Forest Guinea. Report. Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Japan

Sugiyama, Y. & Soumah, A.G. (1988) Preliminary Survey of the Distribution and Population of Chimpanzees in the Republic of Guinea. Primates, 29(4):569-574

UNEP-WCMC, IUCN. 2018. Protected Planet: The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA), Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN Online: diecke-classified-forest www.protectedplanet.net

WCF. 2012. Etat de la faune et des menaces dans les aires protégées terrestres et principales zones de forte biodiversité de Rep. de Guinée. Report. Wild Chimpanzee Foundation, Sangaredi, Republic of Guinea. Online: www.wildchimps.org


Page created by: A.P.E.S. Wiki Team Date: NA