Difference between revisions of "Kankan Faunal Reserve"

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[[West Africa]] > [[Republic of Guinea]] > [[Kankan Faunal Reserve]]
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    rather than several keywords such as "Industrial mining", "Large-scale mining", and "Mining". [[File: Map_GIN_KankanFR_georef_20200121.png | 400px | thumb| right |Kankan Faunal Reserve (Guinea) © A.P.E.S. Wiki Team]]
 
  
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'''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Kankan_Faunal_Reserve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Français]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Kankan_Faunal_Reserve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=pt&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Português]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Kankan_Faunal_Reserve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=es&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Español]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Kankan_Faunal_Reserve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=id&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Bahasa Indonesia]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Kankan_Faunal_Reserve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Melayu]'''
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<!-- Please add information for this site -->
 
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[[West Africa]] > [[Republic of Guinea]] > [[Kankan Faunal Reserve]]
 
  
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= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->
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__TOC__
 +
= Summary =
  
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* Western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus'') are present in Kankan Faunal Reserve.  
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<div style="float: right">{{#display_map: height=190px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap|9.77, -8.38~[[Kankan Faunal Reserve]]~Pan troglodytes verus}}</div>
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* Chimpanzee densities are too low to estimate the total size of the population.  
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* Western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus'') are present in Kankan Faunal Reserve.
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* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.  
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* Chimpanzee densities are too low to estimate the total size of the population.
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* This site has a total size of 5,314 km².  
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* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
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* Agricultural activities are the most prevalent threat to chimpanzees.  
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* This site has a total size of 5,314 km².
 +
* Agricultural activities are the most prevalent threat to chimpanzees.
 
* The extent of on-going conservation activities is unknown.
 
* The extent of on-going conservation activities is unknown.
 
* Kankan Faunal Reserve features a high diversity of antelopes and is part of the Sankarani-Fié Ramsar site.
 
* Kankan Faunal Reserve features a high diversity of antelopes and is part of the Sankarani-Fié Ramsar site.
  
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= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
 
  
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Kankan Faunal Reserve (also called “Réserve Naturelle de Kankan”) is located in western Guinea and shares a border with Côte d’Ivoire. It is part of the region “Haute-Guinée” and the prefecture Kankan. Kankan was initially established as a national park in 1925 when Guinea was still a French colony (Brugière & Kormos 2009). The Guinean government now recognizes Kankan as a ‘Faunal Reserve’ but its legal status is not clear (Brugière & Kormos 2009). The reserve does not have a designated IUCN category nor is it listed in the World Database on Protected Areas ([https://www.protectedplanet.net/country/GN  UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2018]).
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= Site characteristics =
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Kankan Faunal Reserve covers a total area of 5,314.48 km2 and is characterized by savanna habitat with permanent waterways (Brugière & Kormos 2009). The reserve is an important area for antelopes as it has the highest diversity in antelope species across Guinea, including the three rarest species found in Guinea (Brugière 2012). The presence of leopards (''Panthera pardus''), baboons (''Papio sp.”), green monkeys (''Chlorocebus sabaeus'') and hippopotamus (''Hippopotamus amphibius'') has been confirmed (Brugière & Kormos 2009, [http://www.wildchimps.org  WCF 2012]). Lions (''Panthera leo'') might also still be present in the reserve (Henschel et al. 2014)
+
 
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Kankan Faunal Reserve is part of the Sankarani-Fié Ramsar, situated within the Sankarani River basin ([https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1167  Ramsar 2017]). This Ramsar site is characterized by important fish spawning grounds (Ramsar 2017).
+
Kankan Faunal Reserve (also called “Réserve Naturelle de Kankan”) is located in western Guinea and shares a border with Côte d’Ivoire. It is part of the region “Haute-Guinée” and the prefecture Kankan. Kankan was initially established as a national park in 1925 when Guinea was still a French colony (Brugière & Kormos 2009). The Guinean government now recognizes Kankan as a ‘Faunal Reserve’ but its legal status is not clear (Brugière & Kormos 2009). The reserve does not have a designated IUCN category nor is it listed in the World Database on Protected Areas ([https://www.protectedplanet.net/country/GN  UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2018]).
  
 
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Kankan Faunal Reserve'''
 
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Kankan Faunal Reserve'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Site_characteristics-table"
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|Area             <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha    -->
+
|Species
 +
|Pan troglodytes verus
 +
|-
 +
|Area
 
|5,314.48 km²
 
|5,314.48 km²
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Coordinates
 
|Coordinates
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|9.77, -8.38
+
|Lat: 9.77 , Lon:  -8.38
 +
|-
 +
|Type of site
 +
|Unknown
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Designation      <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc.  -->
+
|Habitat types
−
|Faunal Reserve (but legal status is not clear and IUCN Management Category not reported)
+
|Savanna, Wetlands (lakes, rivers, streams, bogs, marshes), Agricultural land
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Habitat types    <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (Without number), see link below -->
+
|Type of governance
−
|Dry savanna, permanent rivers, arable land
+
|
 
|}
 
|}
−
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories]  [[Site designations]]
 
  
−
= Ape status = <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
+
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
 +
= Ape status =
  
 
In the nationwide chimpanzee survey, Rebecca Kormos found no signs of chimpanzees in the northern part of Kankan Faunal Reserve and suggested that chimpanzee might be extinct in the area or persist at very low numbers (Ham 1998). According to Fleury-Brugière & Brugière (2010), a survey by Dufour (2007) observed chimpanzee nests in the southern part of the reserve. In 2009 the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation surveyed the central part of the reserve, but found no signs of chimpanzees on the 74 km of transects that were surveyed (WCF 2012). The survey team also conducted a questionnaire survey and local residents reported that chimpanzees are present in the area. The WCF team also encountered a small group of chimpanzees the western sector of Kankan, and one group in the northern part of the reserve (WCF 2012).
 
In the nationwide chimpanzee survey, Rebecca Kormos found no signs of chimpanzees in the northern part of Kankan Faunal Reserve and suggested that chimpanzee might be extinct in the area or persist at very low numbers (Ham 1998). According to Fleury-Brugière & Brugière (2010), a survey by Dufour (2007) observed chimpanzee nests in the southern part of the reserve. In 2009 the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation surveyed the central part of the reserve, but found no signs of chimpanzees on the 74 km of transects that were surveyed (WCF 2012). The survey team also conducted a questionnaire survey and local residents reported that chimpanzees are present in the area. The WCF team also encountered a small group of chimpanzees the western sector of Kankan, and one group in the northern part of the reserve (WCF 2012).
  
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'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Kankan Faunal Reserve'''
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'''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Kankan Faunal Reserve'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Ape_status-table"
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! Species
+
!Species
−
! Year
+
!Year
−
! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
+
!Abundance estimate (95% CI)
−
! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
+
!Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
−
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
+
!Encounter rate (nests/km)
−
! Area
+
!Area
−
! Method
+
!Method
−
! Source
+
!Source
−
! Comments
+
!Comments
−
! A.P.E.S. database ID
+
!A.P.E.S. database ID
 
|-
 
|-
 
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
 
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
Line 79: Line 76:
 
|0
 
|0
 
|Central part of the reserve
 
|Central part of the reserve
−
|Line transects (Distance)
+
|Line transects
 
|WCF 2012
 
|WCF 2012
 
|Total survey effort: 74 km, no signs of chimpanzees found, but local residence reported presence of chimpanzees
 
|Total survey effort: 74 km, no signs of chimpanzees found, but local residence reported presence of chimpanzees
Line 85: Line 82:
 
|}
 
|}
  
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= Threats =     <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
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= Threats =
  
 
There are approximately 17,000 people living in the reserve (WCF 2012). During their survey of the northern part of Kankan, the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation found agriculture to be the most prevalent threat, with 0.77 signs/km, followed by roads (WCF 2012). However, there were only few signs of hunting and wood extraction (WCF 2012). In contrast, the evaluation of management effectiveness of protected areas based on questionnaires found poaching to be an important threat (METT 2009). Most human activities were found in the western part of the reserve close to the town of Kankan (WCF 2012).
 
There are approximately 17,000 people living in the reserve (WCF 2012). During their survey of the northern part of Kankan, the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation found agriculture to be the most prevalent threat, with 0.77 signs/km, followed by roads (WCF 2012). However, there were only few signs of hunting and wood extraction (WCF 2012). In contrast, the evaluation of management effectiveness of protected areas based on questionnaires found poaching to be an important threat (METT 2009). Most human activities were found in the western part of the reserve close to the town of Kankan (WCF 2012).
  
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'''Table 3. Threats to great apes in Kankan Faunal Reserve'''
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'''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Kankan Faunal Reserve'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Threats-table"
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!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
+
!Category
−
!Specific threats   <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
+
!Specific threats
−
!Threat level       <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: unknown, low, high -->
+
!Threat level
−
!Quantified severity <!-- e.g., encounter rate, number of miners etc. (with reference)-->
+
!Description
−
!Description         <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
+
!Year of threat
−
!Year of threat     <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets-->
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|1. Residential & commercial development
+
|1 Residential & commercial development
−
|1.1 Housing & urban areas
+
|1.1 Residential areas
 
|Medium
 
|Medium
−
|
 
 
|17,000 people live in the reserve (WCF 2012)
 
|17,000 people live in the reserve (WCF 2012)
 
|Ongoing (2012)
 
|Ongoing (2012)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
+
|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
 
|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
 
|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
 
|High
 
|High
−
|0.77 signs of agriculture/km (56 signs of agriculture, survey effort: 73.138 km, WCF 2012)
 
 
|Highest encounter rate found for signs of agricultural (WCF 2012)
 
|Highest encounter rate found for signs of agricultural (WCF 2012)
 
|Ongoing (2012)
 
|Ongoing (2012)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|3. Energy production & mining
+
|3 Energy production & mining
 
|
 
|
 
|Absent
 
|Absent
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|4. Transportation & service corridors
+
|4 Transportation & service corridors
 
|4.1 Roads & railroads
 
|4.1 Roads & railroads
 
|High
 
|High
−
|0.72 roads/km (53 roads, survey effort: 73.138 km, WCF 2012)
 
 
|Second highest encounter rate (WCF 2012)
 
|Second highest encounter rate (WCF 2012)
 
|Ongoing (2012)
 
|Ongoing (2012)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|5. Biological resource use
+
|5 Biological resource use
 
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
 
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
 
|Medium
 
|Medium
−
|0.07 signs of hunting/km (5 signs of hunting, survey effort: 73.138 km, WCF 2012)
 
 
|Few signs of hunting encountered by WCF survey (WCF 2012), but METT questionnaire survey found it to be an important threat (METT 2009)
 
|Few signs of hunting encountered by WCF survey (WCF 2012), but METT questionnaire survey found it to be an important threat (METT 2009)
 
|Ongoing (2009, 2012)
 
|Ongoing (2009, 2012)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|5 Biological resource use
 
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
 
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
 
|Low
 
|Low
−
|0.01 signs of wood extraction/km (1 sign of wood extraction, survey effort: 73.138 km, WCF 2012)
 
 
|Few signs of wood harvesting encountered (WCF 2012), commercial wood extraction present (METT 2009)
 
|Few signs of wood harvesting encountered (WCF 2012), commercial wood extraction present (METT 2009)
 
|Ongoing (2009, 2012)
 
|Ongoing (2009, 2012)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|5 Biological resource use
−
|5.4 Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources
+
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
 
|Medium
 
|Medium
−
|
 
 
|Fishing in rivers with fine mesh nets (METT 2009)
 
|Fishing in rivers with fine mesh nets (METT 2009)
 
|Ongoing (2009)
 
|Ongoing (2009)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|6. Human intrusions & disturbance
+
|6 Human intrusions & disturbance
 
|
 
|
 
|Absent
 
|Absent
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|7. Natural system modifications
+
|7 Natural system modifications
 
|7.1 Fire & fire suppression
 
|7.1 Fire & fire suppression
 
|Medium
 
|Medium
−
|0.01 signs of fire/km (1 sign of fire, survey effort: 73.138 km, WCF 2012)
 
 
|Few signs of fire (WCF 2012), but METT questionnaire survey found it to used frequently by hunters (METT 2009)
 
|Few signs of fire (WCF 2012), but METT questionnaire survey found it to used frequently by hunters (METT 2009)
 
|Ongoing (2009, 2012)
 
|Ongoing (2009, 2012)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
+
|8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases
 
|
 
|
 
|Unknown
 
|Unknown
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|9. Pollution
+
|9 Pollution
 
|9.1 Domestic & urban waste water
 
|9.1 Domestic & urban waste water
 
|Present
 
|Present
−
|
 
 
|Fishers use a toxic plant for fishing which leads to water pollution, plant reduces oxygen content in water and degrades river ecosystem (METT 2009)
 
|Fishers use a toxic plant for fishing which leads to water pollution, plant reduces oxygen content in water and degrades river ecosystem (METT 2009)
 
|Since 2007
 
|Since 2007
 
|-
 
|-
−
|10. Geological Events
+
|10 Geological events
 
|
 
|
 
|Absent
 
|Absent
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 11. Climate change & severe weather
+
|11 Climate change & severe weather
 
|
 
|
 
|Unknown
 
|Unknown
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|12. Other options
+
|12 Other threat
 
|
 
|
 
|Absent
 
|Absent
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
|
 
−
|-
 
 
|}
 
|}
−
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
 
  
−
= Conservation activities =       <!-- a text overview of conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
+
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
 +
= Conservation activities =
  
 
The non-governmental organization [http://www.non-nobis.org/index.php  Non Nobis] is active in the western part of Kankan. This area is called “Diwasi”. The NGO is especially active in the fields of sanitation and education. It is not clear what kind of environmental activities are or have been implemented. The NGO, however, seems to propose to create a protected area. It has also been suggested that a privately owned protected area for game hunting will be created but the specificity and who is leading these efforts is not clear (WCF 2012).
 
The non-governmental organization [http://www.non-nobis.org/index.php  Non Nobis] is active in the western part of Kankan. This area is called “Diwasi”. The NGO is especially active in the fields of sanitation and education. It is not clear what kind of environmental activities are or have been implemented. The NGO, however, seems to propose to create a protected area. It has also been suggested that a privately owned protected area for game hunting will be created but the specificity and who is leading these efforts is not clear (WCF 2012).
  
−
'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Kankan Faunal Reserve'''
+
'''Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Kankan Faunal Reserve'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Conservation_activities-table"
−
!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
+
!Category
−
!Specific activity   <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
+
!Specific activity
−
!Description         <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
+
!Description
−
!Year of activity         <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets -->
+
!Implementing organization(s)
 +
!Year of activity
 
|-
 
|-
−
|1. Residential & commercial development
+
|4 Education & awareness
−
|Not reported
+
|4.1 Educate local communities about apes and sustainable use
 +
|Environmental awareness raising activities targeted at reducing fires and poaching (but not explicitly targeted towards primates, METT 2009)
 
|
 
|
 +
|Unknown (2009)
 +
|-
 +
|5 Protection & restoration
 +
|5.2 Legally protect ape habitat
 +
|Designated as Faunal Reserve since 1925 but current legal status is unclear (METT 2009)
 
|
 
|
 +
|Since 1925
 +
|}
 +
 +
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
 +
= Challenges =
 +
 +
The report on the evaluation of management activities stated that the park employees are paid by the state but that there is no additional budget to manage the park. It also stated a lack of infrastructure and equipment (METT 2009).
 +
 +
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Kankan Faunal Reserve'''
 +
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Challenges-table"
 +
!Challenges
 +
!Specific challenges
 +
!Source
 +
!Year(s)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
+
|2 Resources and capacity
−
|Not reported
+
|2.3 General lack of funding
 +
|METT 2009
 
|
 
|
 +
|-
 +
|2 Resources and capacity
 +
|2.5 Lack of equipment/transportation
 +
|METT 2009
 
|
 
|
 +
|}
 +
 +
= Enablers =
 +
 +
 +
 +
'''Table 6. Enablers reported for Kankan Faunal Reserve'''
 +
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="enabler-table"
 +
!Enablers
 +
!Specific enablers
 +
!Source
 +
!Year(s)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|3. Energy production & mining
+
|1 Site management
−
|Not reported
+
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|4. Transportation & service corridors
+
|2 Resources and capacity
−
|Not reported
+
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|5. Biological resource use
+
|3 Engaged community
−
|Not reported
+
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|6. Human intrusions & disturbance
+
|4 Institutional support
−
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|7. Natural system modifications
 
−
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
+
|5 Ecological context
−
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|9. Pollution
 
−
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|10. Education & Awareness
+
|6 Safety and stability
−
|10.1. Educate local communities about primates and sustainable use
 
−
|Environmental awareness raising activities targeted at reducing fires and poaching (but not explicitly targeted towards primates, METT 2009)
 
−
|Unknown (2009)
 
−
|-
 
−
|11. Habitat Protection
 
−
|11.2. Legally protect primate habitat
 
−
|Designated as Faunal Reserve since 1925 but current legal status is unclear (METT 2009)
 
−
|Since 1925
 
−
|-
 
−
|12. Species Management
 
−
|Not reported
 
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
−
|-
 
−
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
 
−
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
|-
 
 
|}
 
|}
−
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
 
  
−
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->
+
= Research activities =
 +
 
 +
Two wildlife surveys have been conducted in Kankan Faunal Reserve: one by Sylvain Dufour for Sylvatrop (Dufour 2007) and one by the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation in 2009 (WCF 2012).
 +
 
 +
= Documented behaviours =
  
−
The report on the evaluation of management activities stated that the park employees are paid by the state but that there is no additional budget to manage the park. It also stated a lack of infrastructure and equipment (METT 2009).
 
  
  
−
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Kankan Faunal Reserve'''
+
'''Table 7. Behaviours documented for Kankan Faunal Reserve'''
−
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
+
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviours-table"
−
!align="left"|Challenge  <!-- Do not change categories -->
+
!Behavior
−
!Source   <!-- source for impediment mentioned -->
+
!Source
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Lack of financial means
+
|Not reported
−
|METT 2009
+
|
−
|-
 
−
|Lack of technical means
 
−
|METT 2009
 
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
+
= Exposure to climate change impacts =
 +
 
  
−
Two wildlife surveys have been conducted in Kankan Faunal Reserve: one by Sylvain Dufour for Sylvatrop (Dufour 2007) and one by the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation in 2009 (WCF 2012).
 
  
 +
= External links =
  
−
===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
 
  
  
−
'''Table 6. Great ape behaviors reported for Kankan Faunal Reserve'''
+
= Relevant datasets =
−
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
+
 
−
!align="left"|Behavior  <!-- Do not change categories -->
 
−
!Source  <!-- source for behavior -->
 
−
|-
 
−
|Not reported
 
−
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= References =
 
= References =
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Brugière D, Kormos R. 2009. Review of the protected area network in Guinea, West Africa, and recommendations for new sites for biodiversity conservation, Biodiversity and Conservation, 18:847<br>
 
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Brugière D. 2012. Identifying priority areas for the conservation of antelopes in the Republic of Guinea, West Africa, using the complementarity approach, Oryx, 46(2): 253-259<br>
 
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Dufour S. 2007. Programme de gestion communautaire et participative de la faune sauvage dans la Réserve de Faune de Kankan, République de Guinée. Conakry: Rapport pour Sylvatrop<br>
 
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Fleury-Brugière M.-C., Brugière D. 2010. High Population Density of Pan troglodytes verus in the Haut Niger National Park, Republic of Guinea: Implications for Local and Regional Conservation, International Journal of Primatology, 31: 383-392<br>
 
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Ham R. 1998. Nationwide chimpanzee census and large mammal survey Republic of Guinea.<br>
 
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Henschel P et al. 2014. The lion in West Africa is Critically Endangered, PLoS ONE 9(1): e83500.<br>
 
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METT. 2009. Management Effectiveness Evaluations – Reserve de faune de Kankan et parc Diwasi. Online: [https://papaco.org/guinea/  papaco.org]<br>
 
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Non Nobis Online: [http://www.non-nobis.org/index.php  www.non-nobis.org]<br>
 
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Ramsar. 2017.  Online: [https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1167  Ramsar 2017]<br>
 
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UNEP-WCMC, IUCN. 2018. Protected Planet: The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA), Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN Online: [https://www.protectedplanet.net/country/GN  www.protectedplanet.net]<br>
 
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WCF. 2012. Etat de la faune et des menaces dans les aires protégées terrestres et principales zones de forte biodiversité de Rep. de Guinée. Report. Wild Chimpanzee Foundation, Sangaredi, Republic of Guinea. Online: [http://www.wildchimps.org  www.wildchimps.org]<br>
 
  
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Brugière D, Kormos R. 2009. Review of the protected area network in Guinea, West Africa, and recommendations for new sites for biodiversity conservation, Biodiversity and Conservation, 18:847
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'''Page completed by:''' A.P.E.S. Wiki Team '''Date:''' 17/12/2018  <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
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Brugière D. 2012. Identifying priority areas for the conservation of antelopes in the Republic of Guinea, West Africa, using the complementarity approach, Oryx, 46(2): 253-259
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Dufour S. 2007. Programme de gestion communautaire et participative de la faune sauvage dans la Réserve de Faune de Kankan, République de Guinée. Conakry: Rapport pour Sylvatrop
 +
 
 +
Fleury-Brugière M.-C., Brugière D. 2010. High Population Density of Pan troglodytes verus in the Haut Niger National Park, Republic of Guinea: Implications for Local and Regional Conservation, International Journal of Primatology, 31: 383-392
 +
 
 +
Ham R. 1998. Nationwide chimpanzee census and large mammal survey Republic of Guinea.
 +
 
 +
Henschel P et al. 2014. The lion in West Africa is Critically Endangered, PLoS ONE 9(1): e83500.
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 +
METT. 2009. Management Effectiveness Evaluations – Reserve de faune de Kankan et parc Diwasi. Online: [https://papaco.org/guinea/  papaco.org]
 +
 
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Non Nobis Online: [http://www.non-nobis.org/index.php  www.non-nobis.org]
 +
 
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Ramsar. 2017.  Online: [https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1167  Ramsar 2017]
 +
 
 +
UNEP-WCMC, IUCN. 2018. Protected Planet: The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA), Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN Online: [https://www.protectedplanet.net/country/GN  www.protectedplanet.net]
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WCF. 2012. Etat de la faune et des menaces dans les aires protégées terrestres et principales zones de forte biodiversité de Rep. de Guinée. Report. Wild Chimpanzee Foundation, Sangaredi, Republic of Guinea. Online: [http://www.wildchimps.org  www.wildchimps.org]
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'''Page created by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki Team''' Date:''' NA

Latest revision as of 11:08, 24 January 2025

West Africa > Republic of Guinea > Kankan Faunal Reserve

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Summary

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Leaflet | Map data: © OpenStreetMap, SRTM | Map style: © OpenTopoMap (CC-BY-SA), © OpenStreetMap
  • Western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) are present in Kankan Faunal Reserve.
  • Chimpanzee densities are too low to estimate the total size of the population.
  • The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
  • This site has a total size of 5,314 km².
  • Agricultural activities are the most prevalent threat to chimpanzees.
  • The extent of on-going conservation activities is unknown.
  • Kankan Faunal Reserve features a high diversity of antelopes and is part of the Sankarani-Fié Ramsar site.


Site characteristics

Kankan Faunal Reserve (also called “Réserve Naturelle de Kankan”) is located in western Guinea and shares a border with Côte d’Ivoire. It is part of the region “Haute-Guinée” and the prefecture Kankan. Kankan was initially established as a national park in 1925 when Guinea was still a French colony (Brugière & Kormos 2009). The Guinean government now recognizes Kankan as a ‘Faunal Reserve’ but its legal status is not clear (Brugière & Kormos 2009). The reserve does not have a designated IUCN category nor is it listed in the World Database on Protected Areas (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2018).

Table 1. Basic site information for Kankan Faunal Reserve

Species Pan troglodytes verus
Area 5,314.48 km²
Coordinates Lat: 9.77 , Lon: -8.38
Type of site Unknown
Habitat types Savanna, Wetlands (lakes, rivers, streams, bogs, marshes), Agricultural land
Type of governance

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status

In the nationwide chimpanzee survey, Rebecca Kormos found no signs of chimpanzees in the northern part of Kankan Faunal Reserve and suggested that chimpanzee might be extinct in the area or persist at very low numbers (Ham 1998). According to Fleury-Brugière & Brugière (2010), a survey by Dufour (2007) observed chimpanzee nests in the southern part of the reserve. In 2009 the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation surveyed the central part of the reserve, but found no signs of chimpanzees on the 74 km of transects that were surveyed (WCF 2012). The survey team also conducted a questionnaire survey and local residents reported that chimpanzees are present in the area. The WCF team also encountered a small group of chimpanzees the western sector of Kankan, and one group in the northern part of the reserve (WCF 2012).

Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Kankan Faunal Reserve

Species Year Abundance estimate (95% CI) Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) Encounter rate (nests/km) Area Method Source Comments A.P.E.S. database ID
Pan troglodytes verus Unknown Present Southern part of the reserve Unknown Dufour 2007 as found in Fleury-Brugière & Brugière (2010) The original report by Dufour was not found in the public domain
Pan troglodytes verus 2009 0 Central part of the reserve Line transects WCF 2012 Total survey effort: 74 km, no signs of chimpanzees found, but local residence reported presence of chimpanzees

Threats

There are approximately 17,000 people living in the reserve (WCF 2012). During their survey of the northern part of Kankan, the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation found agriculture to be the most prevalent threat, with 0.77 signs/km, followed by roads (WCF 2012). However, there were only few signs of hunting and wood extraction (WCF 2012). In contrast, the evaluation of management effectiveness of protected areas based on questionnaires found poaching to be an important threat (METT 2009). Most human activities were found in the western part of the reserve close to the town of Kankan (WCF 2012).

Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Kankan Faunal Reserve

Category Specific threats Threat level Description Year of threat
1 Residential & commercial development 1.1 Residential areas Medium 17,000 people live in the reserve (WCF 2012) Ongoing (2012)
2 Agriculture & aquaculture 2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops High Highest encounter rate found for signs of agricultural (WCF 2012) Ongoing (2012)
3 Energy production & mining Absent
4 Transportation & service corridors 4.1 Roads & railroads High Second highest encounter rate (WCF 2012) Ongoing (2012)
5 Biological resource use 5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals Medium Few signs of hunting encountered by WCF survey (WCF 2012), but METT questionnaire survey found it to be an important threat (METT 2009) Ongoing (2009, 2012)
5 Biological resource use 5.3 Logging & wood harvesting Low Few signs of wood harvesting encountered (WCF 2012), commercial wood extraction present (METT 2009) Ongoing (2009, 2012)
5 Biological resource use 5.3 Logging & wood harvesting Medium Fishing in rivers with fine mesh nets (METT 2009) Ongoing (2009)
6 Human intrusions & disturbance Absent
7 Natural system modifications 7.1 Fire & fire suppression Medium Few signs of fire (WCF 2012), but METT questionnaire survey found it to used frequently by hunters (METT 2009) Ongoing (2009, 2012)
8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases Unknown
9 Pollution 9.1 Domestic & urban waste water Present Fishers use a toxic plant for fishing which leads to water pollution, plant reduces oxygen content in water and degrades river ecosystem (METT 2009) Since 2007
10 Geological events Absent
11 Climate change & severe weather Unknown
12 Other threat Absent

IUCN Threats list

Conservation activities

The non-governmental organization Non Nobis is active in the western part of Kankan. This area is called “Diwasi”. The NGO is especially active in the fields of sanitation and education. It is not clear what kind of environmental activities are or have been implemented. The NGO, however, seems to propose to create a protected area. It has also been suggested that a privately owned protected area for game hunting will be created but the specificity and who is leading these efforts is not clear (WCF 2012).

Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Kankan Faunal Reserve

Category Specific activity Description Implementing organization(s) Year of activity
4 Education & awareness 4.1 Educate local communities about apes and sustainable use Environmental awareness raising activities targeted at reducing fires and poaching (but not explicitly targeted towards primates, METT 2009) Unknown (2009)
5 Protection & restoration 5.2 Legally protect ape habitat Designated as Faunal Reserve since 1925 but current legal status is unclear (METT 2009) Since 1925

Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)

Challenges

The report on the evaluation of management activities stated that the park employees are paid by the state but that there is no additional budget to manage the park. It also stated a lack of infrastructure and equipment (METT 2009).

Table 5. Challenges reported for Kankan Faunal Reserve

Challenges Specific challenges Source Year(s)
2 Resources and capacity 2.3 General lack of funding METT 2009
2 Resources and capacity 2.5 Lack of equipment/transportation METT 2009

Enablers

Table 6. Enablers reported for Kankan Faunal Reserve

Enablers Specific enablers Source Year(s)
1 Site management
2 Resources and capacity
3 Engaged community
4 Institutional support
5 Ecological context
6 Safety and stability

Research activities

Two wildlife surveys have been conducted in Kankan Faunal Reserve: one by Sylvain Dufour for Sylvatrop (Dufour 2007) and one by the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation in 2009 (WCF 2012).

Documented behaviours

Table 7. Behaviours documented for Kankan Faunal Reserve

Behavior Source
Not reported

Exposure to climate change impacts

External links

Relevant datasets

References

Brugière D, Kormos R. 2009. Review of the protected area network in Guinea, West Africa, and recommendations for new sites for biodiversity conservation, Biodiversity and Conservation, 18:847

Brugière D. 2012. Identifying priority areas for the conservation of antelopes in the Republic of Guinea, West Africa, using the complementarity approach, Oryx, 46(2): 253-259

Dufour S. 2007. Programme de gestion communautaire et participative de la faune sauvage dans la Réserve de Faune de Kankan, République de Guinée. Conakry: Rapport pour Sylvatrop

Fleury-Brugière M.-C., Brugière D. 2010. High Population Density of Pan troglodytes verus in the Haut Niger National Park, Republic of Guinea: Implications for Local and Regional Conservation, International Journal of Primatology, 31: 383-392

Ham R. 1998. Nationwide chimpanzee census and large mammal survey Republic of Guinea.

Henschel P et al. 2014. The lion in West Africa is Critically Endangered, PLoS ONE 9(1): e83500.

METT. 2009. Management Effectiveness Evaluations – Reserve de faune de Kankan et parc Diwasi. Online: papaco.org

Non Nobis Online: www.non-nobis.org

Ramsar. 2017. Online: Ramsar 2017

UNEP-WCMC, IUCN. 2018. Protected Planet: The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA), Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN Online: www.protectedplanet.net

WCF. 2012. Etat de la faune et des menaces dans les aires protégées terrestres et principales zones de forte biodiversité de Rep. de Guinée. Report. Wild Chimpanzee Foundation, Sangaredi, Republic of Guinea. Online: www.wildchimps.org


Page created by: A.P.E.S. Wiki Team Date: NA

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