Difference between revisions of "Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve"

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[[West Africa]] > [[Ghana]] > [[Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve]]
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    to the relevant table or keyword list. This ensures that the same keyword always refers to the same concept, e.g. Everybody uses "Industrial mining",
 
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    rather than several keywords such as "Industrial mining", "Large-scale mining", and "Mining". [[File: Map_GHA_KrokosuaHillsFR.png | 400px | thumb| right | Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve (Ghana) © A.P.E.S. Wiki Team]]
 
  
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'''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Krokosua_Hills_Forest_Reserve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Français]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Krokosua_Hills_Forest_Reserve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=pt&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Português]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Krokosua_Hills_Forest_Reserve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=es&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Español]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Krokosua_Hills_Forest_Reserve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=id&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Bahasa Indonesia]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Krokosua_Hills_Forest_Reserve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Melayu]'''
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<!-- Please add information for this site -->
 
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[[West Africa]] > [[Ghana]] > [[Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve]]
 
  
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= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->
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__TOC__
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<div style="float: right">
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= Summary =
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{{#display_map: height=200px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap
 
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|6.54, -2.86~[[Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve]]~Western Chimpanzee
 
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}}
 
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</div>
 
  
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* Western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus'') are present in Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve.  
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<div style="float: right">{{#display_map: height=190px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap|6.54, -2.86~[[Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve]]~Pan troglodytes verus}}</div>
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* The population size is unknown.  
+
* Western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus'') are present in Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve.
−
* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.  
+
* The population size is unknown.
−
* This site has a total size of 481.7 km².  
+
* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
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* Key threats to chimpanzees are logging, farming, and hunting.  
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* This site has a total size of 481.7 km².
 +
* Key threats to chimpanzees are logging, farming, and hunting.
 
* Information on conservation activities implemented at the site is lacking.
 
* Information on conservation activities implemented at the site is lacking.
  
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= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
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 +
= Site characteristics =
  
 
Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve is located in southwestern Ghana, to the east of Bia National Park. The reserve was established in 1935 (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2019), and it consists of two forest blocks, one above and one below the Asempaneye-Kumasi road (Ernst et al. 2008). The highest peak at the site is 594 m (Ernst et al. 2008). In addition to the western chimpanzee (''Pan troglodytes verus''), other fauna found at the site include the western tree hyrax (''Dendrohyrax dorsalis''), royal antelope (''Neotragus pygmaeus'') (Oates 2006), olive colobus (''Procolobus verus''), black and white colobus (''Colobus vellerosus'') (Danquah et al. 2012), and a frog species discovered in the reserve, ''Arthroleptis krokosua'' (Ernst et al. 2008).
 
Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve is located in southwestern Ghana, to the east of Bia National Park. The reserve was established in 1935 (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2019), and it consists of two forest blocks, one above and one below the Asempaneye-Kumasi road (Ernst et al. 2008). The highest peak at the site is 594 m (Ernst et al. 2008). In addition to the western chimpanzee (''Pan troglodytes verus''), other fauna found at the site include the western tree hyrax (''Dendrohyrax dorsalis''), royal antelope (''Neotragus pygmaeus'') (Oates 2006), olive colobus (''Procolobus verus''), black and white colobus (''Colobus vellerosus'') (Danquah et al. 2012), and a frog species discovered in the reserve, ''Arthroleptis krokosua'' (Ernst et al. 2008).
  
 
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve'''
 
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Site_characteristics-table"
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| Area             <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha    -->
+
|Species
 +
|Pan troglodytes verus
 +
|-
 +
|Area
 
|481.7 km²
 
|481.7 km²
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Coordinates
+
|Coordinates
−
|6.54, -2.86
+
|Lat: 6.54 , Lon:  -2.86
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Designation      <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc.  -->
+
|Type of site
−
|Forest Reserve (IUCN Management Category III)
+
|Protected area (Forest Reserve)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Habitat types   <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (Without number), see link below -->
+
|Habitat types
 
|Subtropical/Tropical Dry Forest,Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland Forest
 
|Subtropical/Tropical Dry Forest,Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland Forest
 +
|-
 +
|Type of governance
 +
|
 
|}
 
|}
−
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories]  [[Site designations]]
 
  
−
= Ape status = <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
+
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
 +
= Ape status =
  
 
Traces of chimpanzees have been encountered during surveys, in 2005 (Oates 2006), 2006-2008 (Gatti 2010),  and more recently in 2009 (Danquah et al. 2012), but population estimates are not available. The site has also been identified as the most likely to support a fairly large population of chimpanzees in Ghana (Caldecott & Miles 2005).
 
Traces of chimpanzees have been encountered during surveys, in 2005 (Oates 2006), 2006-2008 (Gatti 2010),  and more recently in 2009 (Danquah et al. 2012), but population estimates are not available. The site has also been identified as the most likely to support a fairly large population of chimpanzees in Ghana (Caldecott & Miles 2005).
  
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'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve'''
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'''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Ape_status-table"
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! Species
+
!Species
−
! Year
+
!Year
−
! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
+
!Abundance estimate (95% CI)
−
! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
+
!Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
−
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
+
!Encounter rate (nests/km)
−
! Area
+
!Area
−
! Method
+
!Method
−
! Source
+
!Source
−
! Comments
+
!Comments
−
! A.P.E.S. database ID
+
!A.P.E.S. database ID
 
|-
 
|-
 
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
 
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
Line 70: Line 64:
 
|Present
 
|Present
 
|Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve
 
|Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve
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|Interview and index survey
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|Interviews, Reconnaissance walk
 
|Oates 2006
 
|Oates 2006
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|Reconnaissance walk  
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|Reconnaissance walk
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
Line 81: Line 75:
 
|0.0045
 
|0.0045
 
|Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve
 
|Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve
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|Line transects (Distance) and index survey
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|Line transects & recces
 
|Gatti 2010
 
|Gatti 2010
 
|Reconnaissance walks were also conducted, and the total survey effort was 448.24 km
 
|Reconnaissance walks were also conducted, and the total survey effort was 448.24 km
Line 92: Line 86:
 
|Present
 
|Present
 
|Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve
 
|Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve
−
|Line transect (Distance)
+
|Line transects
 
|Danquah et al. 2012
 
|Danquah et al. 2012
 
|
 
|
Line 98: Line 92:
 
|}
 
|}
  
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= Threats =     <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
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= Threats =
  
 
The lowlands in Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve have been heavily logged in the past, but the forest in steeper areas has been less affected (Oates 2006). Illegal farming activities have also been found inside the reserve (Oates 2006). Another major threat to chimpanzees at the site is hunting, which appears to be very high (Oates 2006, Danquah et al. 2012).
 
The lowlands in Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve have been heavily logged in the past, but the forest in steeper areas has been less affected (Oates 2006). Illegal farming activities have also been found inside the reserve (Oates 2006). Another major threat to chimpanzees at the site is hunting, which appears to be very high (Oates 2006, Danquah et al. 2012).
  
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'''Table 3. Threats to great apes in Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve'''
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'''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Threats-table"
−
!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
+
!Category
−
!Specific threats   <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
+
!Specific threats
−
!Threat level       <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: unknown, low, high -->
+
!Threat level
−
!Quantified severity <!-- e.g., encounter rate, number of miners etc. (with reference)-->
+
!Description
−
!Description         <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
+
!Year of threat
−
!Year of threat     <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets-->
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|1. Residential & commercial development
+
|1 Residential & commercial development
−
|1.1 Housing & urban areas
+
|1.1 Residential areas
 
|Present
 
|Present
−
|
 
 
|Villages are present in the reserve (Ernst et al. 2008)
 
|Villages are present in the reserve (Ernst et al. 2008)
 
|Ongoing (2008)
 
|Ongoing (2008)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
+
|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
 
|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
 
|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
 
|Present
 
|Present
−
|
 
 
|Illegal cultivations patches of plantain, cocoyam, pepper, and marijuana found in the site (Oates 2006)
 
|Illegal cultivations patches of plantain, cocoyam, pepper, and marijuana found in the site (Oates 2006)
 
|Ongoing (2006)
 
|Ongoing (2006)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|3. Energy production & mining
+
|3 Energy production & mining
 
|
 
|
 
|Not reported
 
|Not reported
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|4. Transportation & service corridors
+
|4 Transportation & service corridors
 
|
 
|
 
|Not reported
 
|Not reported
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|5. Biological resource use
+
|5 Biological resource use
 
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
 
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
 
|High
 
|High
−
|Encounter rate of hunting signs: 1 km-1 (Danquah et al. 2012). A survey in 2006-2008 reported 0.857 hunting signs per km (Gatti 2010).
 
 
|Hunting signs at the site have been frequently found, especially wire-snare traps (Oates 2006, Danquah et al. 2012
 
|Hunting signs at the site have been frequently found, especially wire-snare traps (Oates 2006, Danquah et al. 2012
 
|Ongoing (2006, 2012)
 
|Ongoing (2006, 2012)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|5 Biological resource use
 
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
 
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
 
|High
 
|High
−
|
 
 
|The area has been heavily logged (Oates 2006)
 
|The area has been heavily logged (Oates 2006)
 
|Ongoing (2006)
 
|Ongoing (2006)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|6. Human intrusions & disturbance
+
|6 Human intrusions & disturbance
 
|
 
|
 
|Not reported
 
|Not reported
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|7. Natural system modifications
+
|7 Natural system modifications
 
|
 
|
 
|Absent
 
|Absent
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
+
|8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases
 
|
 
|
 
|Unknown
 
|Unknown
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|9. Pollution
+
|9 Pollution
 
|
 
|
 
|Absent
 
|Absent
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|10. Geological Events
+
|10 Geological events
 
|
 
|
 
|Absent
 
|Absent
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 11. Climate change & severe weather
+
|11 Climate change & severe weather
 
|
 
|
 
|Unknown
 
|Unknown
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|12. Other options
+
|12 Other threat
 
|
 
|
 
|Absent
 
|Absent
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
|
 
−
|-
 
 
|}
 
|}
−
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
 
  
−
= Conservation activities =       <!-- a text overview of conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
+
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
 +
= Conservation activities =
  
 
Information on conservation activities implemented at the site is lacking.
 
Information on conservation activities implemented at the site is lacking.
  
−
'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve'''
+
'''Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Conservation_activities-table"
−
!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
+
!Category
−
!Specific activity   <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
+
!Specific activity
−
!Description         <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
+
!Description
−
!Year of activity         <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets -->
+
!Implementing organization(s)
 +
!Year of activity
 
|-
 
|-
−
|1. Residential & commercial development
+
|5 Protection & restoration
−
|Not reported
+
|5.2 Legally protect ape habitat
 +
|The site is designated as forest reserve since 1935 (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2019)
 
|
 
|
 +
|Ongoing (2019)
 +
|}
 +
 +
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
 +
= Challenges =
 +
 +
 +
 +
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve'''
 +
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Challenges-table"
 +
!Challenges
 +
!Specific challenges
 +
!Source
 +
!Year(s)
 +
|-
 +
|1 Site management
 +
|1.3 Corruption
 +
|Oates 2006
 
|
 
|
 +
|}
 +
 +
= Enablers =
 +
 +
 +
 +
'''Table 6. Enablers reported for Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve'''
 +
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="enabler-table"
 +
!Enablers
 +
!Specific enablers
 +
!Source
 +
!Year(s)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
+
|1 Site management
−
|Not reported
+
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|3. Energy production & mining
+
|2 Resources and capacity
−
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|4. Transportation & service corridors
 
−
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|5. Biological resource use
+
|3 Engaged community
−
|Not reported
 
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
−
|-
 
−
|6. Human intrusions & disturbance
 
−
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|7. Natural system modifications
+
|4 Institutional support
−
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
 
−
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|9. Pollution
+
|5 Ecological context
−
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|10. Education & Awareness
 
−
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|11. Habitat Protection
+
|6 Safety and stability
−
|11.2. Legally protect primate habitat
 
−
|The site is designated as forest reserve since 1935 (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2019)
 
−
|Ongoing (2019)
 
−
|-
 
−
|12. Species Management
 
−
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
|-
 
−
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
 
−
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
−
|
 
−
|-
 
 
|}
 
|}
−
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
 
  
−
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges to ape conservation -->
+
= Research activities =
  
−
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve'''
+
No information on research activities has been documented.
−
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
 
−
!align="left"|Challenge  <!-- Do not change categories -->
 
−
!Source  <!-- source for impediment mentioned -->
 
−
|-
 
−
|Corruption
 
−
|Oates 2006
 
−
|-
 
−
|}
 
−
 
 
−
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
 
  
−
No information on research activities has been documented.
+
= Documented behaviours =
  
  
−
===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
 
  
−
'''Table 6. Great ape behaviors reported for Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve'''
+
'''Table 7. Behaviours documented for Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve'''
−
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
+
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviours-table"
−
!align="left"|Behavior <!-- Do not change categories -->
+
!Behavior
−
!Source   <!-- source for behavior -->
+
!Source
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Not reported
 
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
−
|-
 
 
|}
 
|}
 +
 +
= Exposure to climate change impacts =
 +
 +
 +
 +
= External links =
 +
 +
 +
 +
= Relevant datasets =
 +
  
  
 
= References =
 
= References =
−
Caldecott, J. O., & Miles, L. (Eds.). (2005). World atlas of great apes and their conservation. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press.<br>
+
 
 +
Caldecott, J. O., & Miles, L. (Eds.). (2005). World atlas of great apes and their conservation. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press.
 +
 
 
Danquah, E., Oppong, S.K., Akom, E., and Sam, M. (2012) Preliminary Survey of Chimpanzees and Threatened Monkeys in the Bia-Goaso Forest Block in Southwestern Ghana. African Primates 7 (2): 163-174.
 
Danquah, E., Oppong, S.K., Akom, E., and Sam, M. (2012) Preliminary Survey of Chimpanzees and Threatened Monkeys in the Bia-Goaso Forest Block in Southwestern Ghana. African Primates 7 (2): 163-174.
−
Ernst, R., Agyei, A.C. & Rödel, M.-O. (2008) A new giant species of Arthroleptis (Amphibia: Anura: Arthroleptidae) from the Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve, south-western Ghana. Zootaxa, 1697, 58–68.<br>
+
 
−
Gatti, S. (2010) Community Forest Biodiversity Project: Status of primate populations in  Protected Areas targeted under CFBP.W APCA and WD/FC, Accra. p. 42.<br>
+
Ernst, R., Agyei, A.C. & Rödel, M.-O. (2008) A new giant species of Arthroleptis (Amphibia: Anura: Arthroleptidae) from the Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve, south-western Ghana. Zootaxa, 1697, 58–68.
−
Oates, J. (2006) Primate Conservation in the Forests of Western Ghana. Unpublished report to the Wildlife Division, Forestry Commission, Ghana. <br>
+
 
−
UNEP-WCMC and IUCN (2019), Protected Planet: [Krokosua Hills FoR*; The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA)/The Global Database on Protected Areas Management Effectiveness (GD-PAME)] [On-line], [11/2019], Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN. Available at: www.protectedplanet.net.<br>
+
Gatti, S. (2010) Community Forest Biodiversity Project: Status of primate populations in  Protected Areas targeted under CFBP.W APCA and WD/FC, Accra. p. 42.
 +
 
 +
Oates, J. (2006) Primate Conservation in the Forests of Western Ghana. Unpublished report to the Wildlife Division, Forestry Commission, Ghana.
 +
 
 +
UNEP-WCMC and IUCN (2019), Protected Planet: [Krokosua Hills FoR*; The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA)/The Global Database on Protected Areas Management Effectiveness (GD-PAME)] [On-line], [11/2019], Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN. Available at: www.protectedplanet.net.
 +
 
  
  
−
<br>
+
'''Page created by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki Team''' Date:''' NA
−
'''Page completed by:''' A.P.E.S. Wiki Team '''Date:''' 22/11/2019  <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
 
−
<br><br>
 

Latest revision as of 11:08, 24 January 2025

West Africa > Ghana > Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve

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Summary

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Leaflet
  • Western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) are present in Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve.
  • The population size is unknown.
  • The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
  • This site has a total size of 481.7 km².
  • Key threats to chimpanzees are logging, farming, and hunting.
  • Information on conservation activities implemented at the site is lacking.


Site characteristics

Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve is located in southwestern Ghana, to the east of Bia National Park. The reserve was established in 1935 (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2019), and it consists of two forest blocks, one above and one below the Asempaneye-Kumasi road (Ernst et al. 2008). The highest peak at the site is 594 m (Ernst et al. 2008). In addition to the western chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus), other fauna found at the site include the western tree hyrax (Dendrohyrax dorsalis), royal antelope (Neotragus pygmaeus) (Oates 2006), olive colobus (Procolobus verus), black and white colobus (Colobus vellerosus) (Danquah et al. 2012), and a frog species discovered in the reserve, Arthroleptis krokosua (Ernst et al. 2008).

Table 1. Basic site information for Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve

Species Pan troglodytes verus
Area 481.7 km²
Coordinates Lat: 6.54 , Lon: -2.86
Type of site Protected area (Forest Reserve)
Habitat types Subtropical/Tropical Dry Forest,Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland Forest
Type of governance

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status

Traces of chimpanzees have been encountered during surveys, in 2005 (Oates 2006), 2006-2008 (Gatti 2010), and more recently in 2009 (Danquah et al. 2012), but population estimates are not available. The site has also been identified as the most likely to support a fairly large population of chimpanzees in Ghana (Caldecott & Miles 2005).

Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve

Species Year Abundance estimate (95% CI) Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) Encounter rate (nests/km) Area Method Source Comments A.P.E.S. database ID
Pan troglodytes verus 2005 Present Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve Interviews, Reconnaissance walk Oates 2006 Reconnaissance walk
Pan troglodytes verus 2006-2008 0.0045 Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve Line transects & recces Gatti 2010 Reconnaissance walks were also conducted, and the total survey effort was 448.24 km
Pan troglodytes verus 2009 Present Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve Line transects Danquah et al. 2012

Threats

The lowlands in Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve have been heavily logged in the past, but the forest in steeper areas has been less affected (Oates 2006). Illegal farming activities have also been found inside the reserve (Oates 2006). Another major threat to chimpanzees at the site is hunting, which appears to be very high (Oates 2006, Danquah et al. 2012).

Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve

Category Specific threats Threat level Description Year of threat
1 Residential & commercial development 1.1 Residential areas Present Villages are present in the reserve (Ernst et al. 2008) Ongoing (2008)
2 Agriculture & aquaculture 2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops Present Illegal cultivations patches of plantain, cocoyam, pepper, and marijuana found in the site (Oates 2006) Ongoing (2006)
3 Energy production & mining Not reported
4 Transportation & service corridors Not reported
5 Biological resource use 5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals High Hunting signs at the site have been frequently found, especially wire-snare traps (Oates 2006, Danquah et al. 2012 Ongoing (2006, 2012)
5 Biological resource use 5.3 Logging & wood harvesting High The area has been heavily logged (Oates 2006) Ongoing (2006)
6 Human intrusions & disturbance Not reported
7 Natural system modifications Absent
8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases Unknown
9 Pollution Absent
10 Geological events Absent
11 Climate change & severe weather Unknown
12 Other threat Absent

IUCN Threats list

Conservation activities

Information on conservation activities implemented at the site is lacking.

Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve

Category Specific activity Description Implementing organization(s) Year of activity
5 Protection & restoration 5.2 Legally protect ape habitat The site is designated as forest reserve since 1935 (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2019) Ongoing (2019)

Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)

Challenges

Table 5. Challenges reported for Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve

Challenges Specific challenges Source Year(s)
1 Site management 1.3 Corruption Oates 2006

Enablers

Table 6. Enablers reported for Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve

Enablers Specific enablers Source Year(s)
1 Site management
2 Resources and capacity
3 Engaged community
4 Institutional support
5 Ecological context
6 Safety and stability

Research activities

No information on research activities has been documented.

Documented behaviours

Table 7. Behaviours documented for Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve

Behavior Source
Not reported

Exposure to climate change impacts

External links

Relevant datasets

References

Caldecott, J. O., & Miles, L. (Eds.). (2005). World atlas of great apes and their conservation. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press.

Danquah, E., Oppong, S.K., Akom, E., and Sam, M. (2012) Preliminary Survey of Chimpanzees and Threatened Monkeys in the Bia-Goaso Forest Block in Southwestern Ghana. African Primates 7 (2): 163-174.

Ernst, R., Agyei, A.C. & Rödel, M.-O. (2008) A new giant species of Arthroleptis (Amphibia: Anura: Arthroleptidae) from the Krokosua Hills Forest Reserve, south-western Ghana. Zootaxa, 1697, 58–68.

Gatti, S. (2010) Community Forest Biodiversity Project: Status of primate populations in Protected Areas targeted under CFBP.W APCA and WD/FC, Accra. p. 42.

Oates, J. (2006) Primate Conservation in the Forests of Western Ghana. Unpublished report to the Wildlife Division, Forestry Commission, Ghana.

UNEP-WCMC and IUCN (2019), Protected Planet: [Krokosua Hills FoR*; The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA)/The Global Database on Protected Areas Management Effectiveness (GD-PAME)] [On-line], [11/2019], Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN. Available at: www.protectedplanet.net.


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