Difference between revisions of "Marahoué National Park"
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− | -- | + | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Marahoué_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Français]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Marahoué_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=pt&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Português]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Marahoué_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=es&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Español]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Marahoué_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=id&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Bahasa Indonesia]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Marahoué_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Melayu]''' |
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− | [ | + | __TOC__ |
+ | = Summary = | ||
− | + | <div style="float: right">{{#display_map: height=190px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap|7.11, -6.02~[[Marahoué National Park]]~Pan troglodytes verus}}</div> | |
− | <div style="float: right"> | + | * Western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus'') are now extirpated in Marahoué National Park. |
− | {{#display_map: height= | + | * This site has a total size of 1,010 km². |
− | |7.11, -6.02~[[Marahoué National Park]]~ | ||
− | }} | ||
− | </div> | ||
− | * Western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus'') are now extirpated in Marahoué National Park. | ||
− | * This site has a total size of 1,010 km². | ||
* Chimpanzees are extirpated due to hunting and large-scale deforestation driven by the expansion of agricultural areas. | * Chimpanzees are extirpated due to hunting and large-scale deforestation driven by the expansion of agricultural areas. | ||
− | = Site characteristics = | + | |
+ | = Site characteristics = | ||
Marahoué National Park (IUCN category: II) was established in 1968 (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2019). It covers an area of 1010 km2 and is located in the central Côte d´Ivoire in the Bouafle region near Lake Kossou. Marahoué NP is 275 km (170 miles) northwest of Abidjan. Marahoué NP is managed by the Office Ivoirien des Parcs et Réserves (OIPR). The park consists of two ecological zones: close forest in the south-west of the park and savanna in the north-eastern part. In a survey in 2007 signs of different mammal and bird species were found, including forest elephant (''Loxodonta africana''), pygmy hippopotamus (''Choeropsis liberiensis''), African buffalo (''Syncerus caffer''), and bushbuck (''Tragelaphus scriptus''). However, the park is strongly affected by illegal activities, especially forest clearing for cocoa plantations and poaching, and the current status of the biodiversity is unknown (Campbell et al. 2008, N’Goran et al. 2006, N’Goran et al. 2007, WCF 2012). | Marahoué National Park (IUCN category: II) was established in 1968 (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2019). It covers an area of 1010 km2 and is located in the central Côte d´Ivoire in the Bouafle region near Lake Kossou. Marahoué NP is 275 km (170 miles) northwest of Abidjan. Marahoué NP is managed by the Office Ivoirien des Parcs et Réserves (OIPR). The park consists of two ecological zones: close forest in the south-west of the park and savanna in the north-eastern part. In a survey in 2007 signs of different mammal and bird species were found, including forest elephant (''Loxodonta africana''), pygmy hippopotamus (''Choeropsis liberiensis''), African buffalo (''Syncerus caffer''), and bushbuck (''Tragelaphus scriptus''). However, the park is strongly affected by illegal activities, especially forest clearing for cocoa plantations and poaching, and the current status of the biodiversity is unknown (Campbell et al. 2008, N’Goran et al. 2006, N’Goran et al. 2007, WCF 2012). | ||
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Marahoué National Park''' | '''Table 1. Basic site information for Marahoué National Park''' | ||
− | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class=" | + | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Site_characteristics-table" |
− | | Area | + | |Species |
+ | |Pan troglodytes verus | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Area | ||
|1,010 km² | |1,010 km² | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | Coordinates | + | |Coordinates |
− | |7.11, -6.02 | + | |Lat: 7.11 , Lon: -6.02 |
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | |Type of site |
− | |National Park | + | |Protected area (National Park) |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Habitat types | + | |Habitat types |
− | |Subtropical/ tropical moist lowland forest, | + | |Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, Savanna, Agricultural land |
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Type of governance | ||
+ | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
− | |||
− | = Ape status = | + | [https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]] |
+ | = Ape status = | ||
The chimpanzee (''Pan troglodytes verus'') population in Marahoué National Park was first estimated at 1407 individuals by Marchesi et al. (1995). However, due to the relatively small number of transects surveyed, large uncertainties are associated with this estimate. In 2007, a survey that covered 167.5 km of systematically located transects across the entire park yielded a conservative population estimate of fewer than 50 individuals (N´Goran et al. 2007). In 2012, a rapid assessment was conducted by the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation [https://www.wildchimps.org WCF] in collaboration with Afrique Nature, and no signs of chimpanzees were found. | The chimpanzee (''Pan troglodytes verus'') population in Marahoué National Park was first estimated at 1407 individuals by Marchesi et al. (1995). However, due to the relatively small number of transects surveyed, large uncertainties are associated with this estimate. In 2007, a survey that covered 167.5 km of systematically located transects across the entire park yielded a conservative population estimate of fewer than 50 individuals (N´Goran et al. 2007). In 2012, a rapid assessment was conducted by the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation [https://www.wildchimps.org WCF] in collaboration with Afrique Nature, and no signs of chimpanzees were found. | ||
− | '''Table 2. Ape population estimates | + | '''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Marahoué National Park''' |
− | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class=" | + | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Ape_status-table" |
− | ! Species | + | !Species |
− | ! Year | + | !Year |
− | ! Abundance estimate (95% CI) | + | !Abundance estimate (95% CI) |
− | ! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) | + | !Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) |
− | ! Encounter rate (nests/km) | + | !Encounter rate (nests/km) |
− | ! Area | + | !Area |
− | ! Method | + | !Method |
− | ! Source | + | !Source |
− | ! Comments | + | !Comments |
− | ! A.P.E.S. database ID | + | !A.P.E.S. database ID |
|- | |- | ||
|''Pan troglodytes verus'' | |''Pan troglodytes verus'' | ||
Line 66: | Line 61: | ||
|15.6 | |15.6 | ||
|entire area | |entire area | ||
− | |Line transects | + | |Line transects |
|Marchesi et al. 1995 | |Marchesi et al. 1995 | ||
|Total survey effort: 15 km, abundance estimate for weaned individuals | |Total survey effort: 15 km, abundance estimate for weaned individuals | ||
Line 77: | Line 72: | ||
|0.01 | |0.01 | ||
|entire area | |entire area | ||
− | |Line transects | + | |Line transects |
|N’Goran et al. 2006 | |N’Goran et al. 2006 | ||
|Total survey effort: 154.5 km, abundance estimate is a maximum | |Total survey effort: 154.5 km, abundance estimate is a maximum | ||
Line 88: | Line 83: | ||
|0.03 | |0.03 | ||
|entire area | |entire area | ||
− | |Line transects | + | |Line transects |
|N’Goran et al. 2007, Campbell et al. 2008 | |N’Goran et al. 2007, Campbell et al. 2008 | ||
|Total survey effort: 167.5 km, abundance estimate is a maximum | |Total survey effort: 167.5 km, abundance estimate is a maximum | ||
Line 99: | Line 94: | ||
|0 | |0 | ||
|entire area | |entire area | ||
− | |Line transects | + | |Line transects |
|WCF 2012 | |WCF 2012 | ||
|Total survey effort: 36.9 km | |Total survey effort: 36.9 km | ||
Line 105: | Line 100: | ||
|} | |} | ||
− | = Threats = | + | = Threats = |
Marahoué National Park has lost 93% of its forest cover between 2002 and 2008, which may be directly linked to the civil unrest prevailing in the country since 2002 (Campbell et al. 2008). Deforestation was many driven clearing land for agriculture using fires, especially for cocoa plantations, and illegal logging (Campbell et al. 2008, N’Goran et al. 2006, N’Goran et al. 2007, WCF 2012). In addition, the presence of people in the park and illegal hunting of chimpanzees likely caused the extinction of chimpanzees in Marahoué NP (Struhsaker and Bakarr 1999, Denis 2015). | Marahoué National Park has lost 93% of its forest cover between 2002 and 2008, which may be directly linked to the civil unrest prevailing in the country since 2002 (Campbell et al. 2008). Deforestation was many driven clearing land for agriculture using fires, especially for cocoa plantations, and illegal logging (Campbell et al. 2008, N’Goran et al. 2006, N’Goran et al. 2007, WCF 2012). In addition, the presence of people in the park and illegal hunting of chimpanzees likely caused the extinction of chimpanzees in Marahoué NP (Struhsaker and Bakarr 1999, Denis 2015). | ||
− | '''Table 3. Threats to | + | '''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Marahoué National Park''' |
− | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class=" | + | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Threats-table" |
− | ! | + | !Category |
− | !Specific threats | + | !Specific threats |
− | !Threat level | + | !Threat level |
− | + | !Description | |
− | !Description | + | !Year of threat |
− | !Year of threat | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |1 | + | |1 Residential & commercial development |
− | |1.1 | + | |1.1 Residential areas |
|High | |High | ||
− | |||
|presence of people in the park, campsites and small villages (WCF 2012) | |presence of people in the park, campsites and small villages (WCF 2012) | ||
|Ongoing (2012) | |Ongoing (2012) | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |2 | + | |2 Agriculture & aquaculture |
|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops | |2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops | ||
|High | |High | ||
− | |||
|especially cocoa plantations (WCF 2012) | |especially cocoa plantations (WCF 2012) | ||
|Ongoing (2012) | |Ongoing (2012) | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | |2 Agriculture & aquaculture |
|2.3 Livestock farming & ranching | |2.3 Livestock farming & ranching | ||
|Low | |Low | ||
− | |||
|signs of cattle grazing (WCF 2012) | |signs of cattle grazing (WCF 2012) | ||
|Ongoing (2012) | |Ongoing (2012) | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |3 | + | |3 Energy production & mining |
| | | | ||
|Not reported | |Not reported | ||
− | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |4 | + | |4 Transportation & service corridors |
|4.1 Roads & railroads | |4.1 Roads & railroads | ||
|Medium | |Medium | ||
− | |||
|presence of illegal paths, roads and vehicles (WCF 2012) | |presence of illegal paths, roads and vehicles (WCF 2012) | ||
|Ongoing (2012) | |Ongoing (2012) | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |5 | + | |5 Biological resource use |
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals | |5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals | ||
|High | |High | ||
− | |||
|poaching widespread (WCF 2012) | |poaching widespread (WCF 2012) | ||
|Ongoing (2012) | |Ongoing (2012) | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |6 | + | |6 Human intrusions & disturbance |
| | | | ||
|Not reported | |Not reported | ||
− | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |7 | + | |7 Natural system modifications |
| | | | ||
|Not reported | |Not reported | ||
− | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |8 | + | |8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases |
| | | | ||
|Unknown | |Unknown | ||
− | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |9 | + | |9 Pollution |
| | | | ||
|Not reported | |Not reported | ||
− | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |10 | + | |10 Geological events |
| | | | ||
|Absent | |Absent | ||
− | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 11 | + | |11 Climate change & severe weather |
| | | | ||
|Unknown | |Unknown | ||
− | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |12 | + | |12 Other threat |
| | | | ||
|Absent | |Absent | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
− | |||
− | |||
|} | |} | ||
− | |||
− | = Conservation activities = | + | [https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list] |
+ | = Conservation activities = | ||
As chimpanzees are extirpated from Marahoué National Park no conservation activities are implemented. | As chimpanzees are extirpated from Marahoué National Park no conservation activities are implemented. | ||
− | '''Table | + | = Challenges = |
− | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class=" | + | |
− | ! | + | Denis (2015) conducted a comprehensive study into why Marahoué National Park degraded. The study was based on interviews with different stakeholders in Marahoué National Park and pointed out that already since its creation in 1968 farmers were present in the park and in 1990 13% of the park was occupied by people, and this percentage has grown steadily since (Denis 2015). Government support for maintaining the protective status of Marahoué was weak and inconsistent. There is also widespread corruption and a lack of technical means as well as human resources to ensure law enforcement (Denis 2015). |
− | !Specific | + | |
− | ! | + | '''Table 5. Challenges reported for Marahoué National Park''' |
− | !Year | + | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Challenges-table" |
+ | !Challenges | ||
+ | !Specific challenges | ||
+ | !Source | ||
+ | !Year(s) | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |1. | + | |1 Site management |
− | | | + | |1.3 Corruption |
+ | |Denis 2015 | ||
| | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |4 Institutional support | ||
+ | |4.2 Lack of government support | ||
+ | |Denis 2015 | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |2. | + | |2 Resources and capacity |
− | | | + | |2.2 Lack of staff |
+ | |Denis 2015 | ||
| | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |4 Institutional support | ||
+ | |4.1 Lack of law enforcement | ||
+ | |Denis 2015 | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | |2 Resources and capacity |
− | | | + | |2.5 Lack of equipment/transportation |
+ | |Denis 2015 | ||
| | | | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | = Enablers = | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | '''Table 6. Enablers reported for Marahoué National Park''' | ||
+ | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="enabler-table" | ||
+ | !Enablers | ||
+ | !Specific enablers | ||
+ | !Source | ||
+ | !Year(s) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |1 Site management | ||
| | | | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | |2 Resources and capacity |
− | | | + | | |
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | |3 Engaged community |
− | |||
− | |||
| | | | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | |4 Institutional support |
− | |||
| | | | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | |5 Ecological context |
− | |||
− | |||
| | | | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | |6 Safety and stability |
− | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
| | | | ||
− | |||
− | |||
|} | |} | ||
− | |||
− | = | + | = Research activities = |
+ | |||
+ | As chimpanzees are extirpated from Marahoué National Park no research is conducted on chimpanzees. | ||
+ | |||
+ | = Documented behaviours = | ||
+ | |||
− | |||
− | '''Table | + | '''Table 7. Behaviours documented for Marahoué National Park''' |
− | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class=" | + | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviours-table" |
− | ! | + | !Behavior |
− | !Source | + | !Source |
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | |Not reported |
− | | | + | | |
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
|} | |} | ||
− | = | + | = Exposure to climate change impacts = |
+ | |||
− | |||
+ | = External links = | ||
− | |||
− | + | = Relevant datasets = | |
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
= References = | = References = | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | + | Denis G. 2015. Le parc de la Marahoué : de la logique de conservation à la logique de prédation. European Scientific Journal March 11(8): 1857-7881 | |
− | '''Page | + | |
− | + | Campbell G et al. 2008. Alarming decline of West African chimpanzees in Côte d´Ivoire. Current Biology 18(19). | |
+ | |||
+ | Marchesi P et al. 1995. Census and Distribution in Côte d’Ivoire. Primates 36(4): 591-607. | ||
+ | |||
+ | N’Goran KP et al. 2007. Résultats de la première phase du biomonitoring au Parc National de Marahoué (mai 2006 – décembre 2006). Unpublished report. WCF/OIPR. Online: [https://www.wildchimps.org/reports/reports.html Wild Chimpanzee Foundation] | ||
+ | |||
+ | N’Goran KP et al. 2008. Résultats importants des activités de biomonitoring au Parc National de la Marahoué (mai 2007 – novembre 2007). Unpublished report. WCF/OIPR. Online: [https://www.wildchimps.org/reports/reports.html Wild Chimpanzee Foundation] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Struhsaker TT, Bakarr MI. 1999. A rapid survey of primates and other large mammals in Marahoue National Park, Cote d'Ivoire. In: Schulenberg TS et al. (eds.) Une Evaluation Biologique du Parc National de la Marahoué Park, Côte d’Ivoire. Conservation International. | ||
+ | |||
+ | UNEP-WCMC, IUCN. 2019. Protected Planet: The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA), Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN Online: [https://www.protectedplanet.net/722 www.protectedplanet.net] | ||
+ | |||
+ | WCF. 2012. Annual report 2012 – activities of the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation for improved conservation of chimpanzees and their habitat in West Africa. Online: [https://www.wildchimps.org/reports/reports.html Wild Chimpanzee Foundation] | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | '''Page created by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki Team''' Date:''' NA |
Latest revision as of 11:09, 24 January 2025
West Africa > Côte d'Ivoire > Marahoué National Park
Français | Português | Español | Bahasa Indonesia | Melayu
Summary
- Western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) are now extirpated in Marahoué National Park.
- This site has a total size of 1,010 km².
- Chimpanzees are extirpated due to hunting and large-scale deforestation driven by the expansion of agricultural areas.
Site characteristics
Marahoué National Park (IUCN category: II) was established in 1968 (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2019). It covers an area of 1010 km2 and is located in the central Côte d´Ivoire in the Bouafle region near Lake Kossou. Marahoué NP is 275 km (170 miles) northwest of Abidjan. Marahoué NP is managed by the Office Ivoirien des Parcs et Réserves (OIPR). The park consists of two ecological zones: close forest in the south-west of the park and savanna in the north-eastern part. In a survey in 2007 signs of different mammal and bird species were found, including forest elephant (Loxodonta africana), pygmy hippopotamus (Choeropsis liberiensis), African buffalo (Syncerus caffer), and bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus). However, the park is strongly affected by illegal activities, especially forest clearing for cocoa plantations and poaching, and the current status of the biodiversity is unknown (Campbell et al. 2008, N’Goran et al. 2006, N’Goran et al. 2007, WCF 2012).
Table 1. Basic site information for Marahoué National Park
Species | Pan troglodytes verus |
Area | 1,010 km² |
Coordinates | Lat: 7.11 , Lon: -6.02 |
Type of site | Protected area (National Park) |
Habitat types | Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, Savanna, Agricultural land |
Type of governance |
IUCN habitat categories Site designations
Ape status
The chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) population in Marahoué National Park was first estimated at 1407 individuals by Marchesi et al. (1995). However, due to the relatively small number of transects surveyed, large uncertainties are associated with this estimate. In 2007, a survey that covered 167.5 km of systematically located transects across the entire park yielded a conservative population estimate of fewer than 50 individuals (N´Goran et al. 2007). In 2012, a rapid assessment was conducted by the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation WCF in collaboration with Afrique Nature, and no signs of chimpanzees were found.
Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Marahoué National Park
Species | Year | Abundance estimate (95% CI) | Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) | Encounter rate (nests/km) | Area | Method | Source | Comments | A.P.E.S. database ID |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pan troglodytes verus | 1990 | 1407 | 1.64 | 15.6 | entire area | Line transects | Marchesi et al. 1995 | Total survey effort: 15 km, abundance estimate for weaned individuals | |
Pan troglodytes verus | 2006 | 50 | 0.01 | entire area | Line transects | N’Goran et al. 2006 | Total survey effort: 154.5 km, abundance estimate is a maximum | ||
Pan troglodytes verus | 2007 | 0.03 | entire area | Line transects | N’Goran et al. 2007, Campbell et al. 2008 | Total survey effort: 167.5 km, abundance estimate is a maximum | |||
Pan troglodytes verus | 2012 | 0 | 0 | entire area | Line transects | WCF 2012 | Total survey effort: 36.9 km |
Threats
Marahoué National Park has lost 93% of its forest cover between 2002 and 2008, which may be directly linked to the civil unrest prevailing in the country since 2002 (Campbell et al. 2008). Deforestation was many driven clearing land for agriculture using fires, especially for cocoa plantations, and illegal logging (Campbell et al. 2008, N’Goran et al. 2006, N’Goran et al. 2007, WCF 2012). In addition, the presence of people in the park and illegal hunting of chimpanzees likely caused the extinction of chimpanzees in Marahoué NP (Struhsaker and Bakarr 1999, Denis 2015).
Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Marahoué National Park
Category | Specific threats | Threat level | Description | Year of threat |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 Residential & commercial development | 1.1 Residential areas | High | presence of people in the park, campsites and small villages (WCF 2012) | Ongoing (2012) |
2 Agriculture & aquaculture | 2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops | High | especially cocoa plantations (WCF 2012) | Ongoing (2012) |
2 Agriculture & aquaculture | 2.3 Livestock farming & ranching | Low | signs of cattle grazing (WCF 2012) | Ongoing (2012) |
3 Energy production & mining | Not reported | |||
4 Transportation & service corridors | 4.1 Roads & railroads | Medium | presence of illegal paths, roads and vehicles (WCF 2012) | Ongoing (2012) |
5 Biological resource use | 5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals | High | poaching widespread (WCF 2012) | Ongoing (2012) |
6 Human intrusions & disturbance | Not reported | |||
7 Natural system modifications | Not reported | |||
8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases | Unknown | |||
9 Pollution | Not reported | |||
10 Geological events | Absent | |||
11 Climate change & severe weather | Unknown | |||
12 Other threat | Absent |
Conservation activities
As chimpanzees are extirpated from Marahoué National Park no conservation activities are implemented.
Challenges
Denis (2015) conducted a comprehensive study into why Marahoué National Park degraded. The study was based on interviews with different stakeholders in Marahoué National Park and pointed out that already since its creation in 1968 farmers were present in the park and in 1990 13% of the park was occupied by people, and this percentage has grown steadily since (Denis 2015). Government support for maintaining the protective status of Marahoué was weak and inconsistent. There is also widespread corruption and a lack of technical means as well as human resources to ensure law enforcement (Denis 2015).
Table 5. Challenges reported for Marahoué National Park
Challenges | Specific challenges | Source | Year(s) |
---|---|---|---|
1 Site management | 1.3 Corruption | Denis 2015 | |
4 Institutional support | 4.2 Lack of government support | Denis 2015 | |
2 Resources and capacity | 2.2 Lack of staff | Denis 2015 | |
4 Institutional support | 4.1 Lack of law enforcement | Denis 2015 | |
2 Resources and capacity | 2.5 Lack of equipment/transportation | Denis 2015 |
Enablers
Table 6. Enablers reported for Marahoué National Park
Enablers | Specific enablers | Source | Year(s) |
---|---|---|---|
1 Site management | |||
2 Resources and capacity | |||
3 Engaged community | |||
4 Institutional support | |||
5 Ecological context | |||
6 Safety and stability |
Research activities
As chimpanzees are extirpated from Marahoué National Park no research is conducted on chimpanzees.
Documented behaviours
Table 7. Behaviours documented for Marahoué National Park
Behavior | Source |
---|---|
Not reported |
Exposure to climate change impacts
External links
Relevant datasets
References
Denis G. 2015. Le parc de la Marahoué : de la logique de conservation à la logique de prédation. European Scientific Journal March 11(8): 1857-7881
Campbell G et al. 2008. Alarming decline of West African chimpanzees in Côte d´Ivoire. Current Biology 18(19).
Marchesi P et al. 1995. Census and Distribution in Côte d’Ivoire. Primates 36(4): 591-607.
N’Goran KP et al. 2007. Résultats de la première phase du biomonitoring au Parc National de Marahoué (mai 2006 – décembre 2006). Unpublished report. WCF/OIPR. Online: Wild Chimpanzee Foundation
N’Goran KP et al. 2008. Résultats importants des activités de biomonitoring au Parc National de la Marahoué (mai 2007 – novembre 2007). Unpublished report. WCF/OIPR. Online: Wild Chimpanzee Foundation
Struhsaker TT, Bakarr MI. 1999. A rapid survey of primates and other large mammals in Marahoue National Park, Cote d'Ivoire. In: Schulenberg TS et al. (eds.) Une Evaluation Biologique du Parc National de la Marahoué Park, Côte d’Ivoire. Conservation International.
UNEP-WCMC, IUCN. 2019. Protected Planet: The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA), Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN Online: www.protectedplanet.net
WCF. 2012. Annual report 2012 – activities of the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation for improved conservation of chimpanzees and their habitat in West Africa. Online: Wild Chimpanzee Foundation
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