Oni Forest Reserve

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Summary

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• Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes ellioti) are absent in Oni Forest Reserve
• Chimpanzees have gone extinct at Oni Forest Reserve in the 90s.
• The site has a total size of 56 km².
• Key threats to chimpanzees are habitat destruction due to extensive farming.
• Conservation activities are not documented.

Site characteristics

The site is located in the Ekiti state in Nigeria. Chimpanzees have not been observed in the reserve since 1993, and in its current condition it holds little value in terms of its natural biodiversity. Due to extensive farming, the site has in effect become unofficially de-gazetted (Greengrass 2006).

Table 1. Basic site information for Oni Forest Reserve

Species	'Pan troglodytes ellioti
Area	56 km²
Coordinates	Lat: 7.3513 , Lon: 4.80381
Type of site	Protected area (Forest Reserve)
Habitat types	Agricultural land, Subtropical/tropical heavily degraded former forest
Type of governance

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status

Chimpanzees have not been observed in the reserve, nor near the reserve, since 1993 (Greengrass 2003).

Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Oni Forest Reserve

Species	Year	Occurrence	Encounter or vistation rate (nests/km; ind/day)	Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)	Abundance estimate (95% CI)	Survey area	Sampling method	Analytical framework	Source	Comments	A.P.E.S. database ID
Pan troglodytes ellioti	2006		0			Oni Forest Reserve	Reconnaissance walk		Greengrass 2006

Threats

The main threats to chimpanzees and wildlife at the reserve include illegal and widespread farming in the 1990s and timber extraction that began in 1987 (Greengrass 2006).

Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Oni Forest Reserve

Category	Specific threats	Threat level	Description	Year of threat
10 Geological events		Absent
12 Other threat		Absent
2 Agriculture & aquaculture	2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops	High (more than 70% of population affected)	Forest clearing for farmland throughout the reserve (Greengrass 2006).	Ongoing (2006)
5 Biological resource use	5.3 Logging & wood harvesting	High (more than 70% of population affected)	Timber extraction that began in 1987 (Greengrass 2006).	Ongoing (2006)
1 Residential & commercial development		Unknown
3 Energy production & mining		Unknown
4 Transportation & service corridors		Unknown
6 Human intrusions & disturbance		Unknown
7 Natural system modifications		Unknown
8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases		Unknown
9 Pollution		Unknown
11 Climate change & severe weather		Unknown

IUCN Threats list

Challenges

Illegal clearing and farming occurred with the assistance of a corrupt police administrator who prevented the forestry department from acting against it. Violent attacks on forestry staff have also occurred on several occasions (Greengrass 2006).

Table 5. Challenges reported for Oni Forest Reserve

Challenges	Specific challenges	Source	Year(s)
1 Site management	1.3 Corruption	Greengrass 2006
6 Safety and stability	6.2 Insecurity	Greengrass 2006

Enablers

Table 6. Enablers reported for Oni Forest Reserve

Enablers	Specific enablers	Source	Year(s)
1 Site management
2 Resources and capacity
3 Engaged community
4 Institutional support
5 Ecological context
6 Safety and stability

Documented behaviours

Table 7. Behaviours documented for Oni Forest Reserve

Behavior	Source
Not reported

References

Greengrass, E.J. (2006). A survey of chimpanzees in south-west Nigeria. Report to the NCF-WCS Biodiversity Research Programme.

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