Tonkoli Forest Reserve

West Africa > Sierra Leone > Tonkoli Forest Reserve

Français | Português | Español | Bahasa Indonesia | Melayu

Summary

Loading map...

{"minzoom":false,"maxzoom":false,"mappingservice":"leaflet","width":"300px","height":"190px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"zoom":5,"defzoom":14,"layers":["OpenStreetMap","OpenTopoMap"],"image layers":[],"overlays":[],"resizable":false,"fullscreen":false,"scrollwheelzoom":false,"cluster":false,"clustermaxzoom":20,"clusterzoomonclick":true,"clustermaxradius":80,"clusterspiderfy":true,"geojson":"","clicktarget":"","imageLayers":[],"locations":[{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca class=\"mw-selflink selflink\"\u003ETonkoli Forest Reserve\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003E'Pan troglodytes verus\u003Ci\u003E\u003C/i\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E","title":"Tonkoli Forest Reserve\n","link":"","lat":8.8853349999999995389998730388469994068145751953125,"lon":-11.49304300000000012005330063402652740478515625,"icon":""}],"imageoverlays":null}

• Western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) are present in Tonkoli Forest Reserve.
• The population size is unknown.
• The chimpanzee population trend is decreasing.
• The site has a total size of 71 km².
• Key threats to chimpanzees are logging, hunting and loss of habitat due to agricultural expansion.
• Conservation activities are not reported.

Site characteristics

The site was established as a forest reserve in 1926 (WDPA).

Table 1. Basic site information for Tonkoli Forest Reserve

Species	'Pan troglodytes verus
Area	71 km²
Coordinates	Lat: 8.885335 , Lon: -11.493043
Type of site	Protected area (Forest Reserve)
Habitat types	Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest
Type of governance

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status

During a national survey in 2009, interviews were conducted in 24 communities in and around the Tonkoli Reserve; 8 reported the presence of chimpanzees, and 16 communities reported having no chimpanzees in the vicinity (Brncic et al. 2010). Several people reported that chimpanzees were present around their community before the war. Based on interviews, they may still be present in the southeastern part of the reserve (Brncic et al. 2010).

Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Tonkoli Forest Reserve

Species	Year	Occurrence	Encounter or vistation rate (nests/km; ind/day)	Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)	Abundance estimate (95% CI)	Survey area	Sampling method	Analytical framework	Source	Comments	A.P.E.S. database ID
Pan troglodytes verus	2009	Present				Tonkoli Forest Reserve	Interviews		Brncic et al. 2010

Threats

The main threats to chimpanzees in the site, as reported by local communities during a 2009 interview survey, include hunting, farming, logging, and civil war (1991-20020). Many people reported that chimpanzees were present before the war, but not seen now for some time. The site was used extensively by rebels during the war. Much of the forest has been damaged or lost as a consequence; chimpanzees have been largely hunted or driven out from the area. In addition, much of the forest has been cleared for agriculture (Brncic et al. 2010).

Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Tonkoli Forest Reserve

Category	Specific threats	Threat level	Description	Year of threat
10 Geological events		Absent
12 Other threat		Absent
2 Agriculture & aquaculture	2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops	High (more than 70% of population affected)	A large portion of the forest appears to have been cleared for crops such as rice and pepper (Brncic et al. 2010).	Ongoing (2010)
5 Biological resource use	5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals	High (more than 70% of population affected)	Hunting was reported as a main threat during a 2010 interview survey in the area (Brncic et al. 2010).	Ongoing (2010)
5 Biological resource use	5.3 Logging & wood harvesting	High (more than 70% of population affected)	Logging and subsequent agricultural activities have severely degraded the forest. A logging company appears to have a concession inside the reserve (Brncic et al. 2010).	Ongoing (2010)
6 Human intrusions & disturbance	6.2 War, civil unrest & military exercises	High (more than 70% of population affected)	The decline in chimpanzee population was noticeable to local communities as a result of war and increased severity of related threats, such as hunting and logging (Brncic et al. 2010).	1991-2002
1 Residential & commercial development		Unknown
3 Energy production & mining		Unknown
4 Transportation & service corridors		Unknown
7 Natural system modifications		Unknown
8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases		Unknown
9 Pollution		Unknown
11 Climate change & severe weather		Unknown

IUCN Threats list

Conservation activities

Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Tonkoli Forest Reserve

Category	Specific activity	Description	Implementing organization(s)	Year of activity
5 Protection & restoration	5.2 Legally protect ape habitat	The site is a forest reserve.		1926-Ongoing (2023)

Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)

Challenges

Table 5. Challenges reported for Tonkoli Forest Reserve

Challenges	Specific challenges	Source	Year(s)
	Not reported

Enablers

Table 6. Enablers reported for Tonkoli Forest Reserve

Enablers	Specific enablers	Source	Year(s)
1 Site management
2 Resources and capacity
3 Engaged community
4 Institutional support
5 Ecological context
6 Safety and stability

Documented behaviours

Table 7. Behaviours documented for Tonkoli Forest Reserve

Behavior	Source
Not reported

References

Brncic, T.M., Amarasekaran,B. & McKenna,A. 2010. Final Report of the Sierra Leone National Chimpanzee Census Project. Tacugama Chimpanzee Sanctuary, Freetown, Sierra Leone.

Page created by: A.P.E.S. Wiki team Date: NA