Republic of Guinea Nationwide
West Africa > Republic of Guinea > Republic of Guinea Nationwide
Summary
- Western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) are present in the Republic of Guinea.
- It has been estimated that 33,139 (CI: 8,796-68,203) individuals occur in the Republic of Guinea.
- The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
- This site has a total size of 246,427 km².
- Key threats to chimpanzees are habitat loss and hunting.
- The following conservation activities were implemented at the national level: uncovering illegal trade in wildlife and strengthening law enforcement.
- Guinea harbors the largest remaining population of western chimpanzees.
Site characteristics
The Republic of Guinea is a coastal West African country that shares borders with Guinea-Bissau, Senegal, Mali, Côte d’Ivoire, Liberia and Sierra Leone. It has a total land area of 246,427 km² (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2019). Guinea has a population of 11,855,411, approximately 90% of them Muslim (July 2018, CIA World Factbook 2019). Based on topographic features four natural regions are being distinguished in Guinea: (i) Guinée Maritime or Basse-Guinée, in western Guinea, at the coast characterized by lowland plains and savanna ecosystems, (ii) Moyenne Guinée in the north-east dominated by the Fouta Djallon highlands with steep areas, savanna ecosystems and gallery forests, (iii) Haute Guinée in the east characterized by savanna plains, and (iv) Guinée Forestière in the south-east with some remaining rainforests and mountainous areas (Kormos et al. 2003). Guineas highest peak is Mout Nimba with an elevation of 1,752 m (CIA World Factbook 2019). Guinea features a diversity of habitat types from montane and lowland moist forests to dry savannas. Agricultural areas are also widespread. Due to the mountainous terrain many rivers have their source in Guinea (Kormos et al. 2003). Guinea has a high biodiversity including, leopard (Panthera pardus), lion (Panthera leo), hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius), forest elephant (Loxodonta africana), the Micropotamogale of Mount Nimba (Micropotamogale lamottei, a shrew), the viviparous toad of Mount Nimba (Nimbaphrynoides occidentalis), and many primate species, such as Campbell’s guenon (Cercopithecus campbelli campbelli), Demidoff ’s galago (Galagoides demidoff), diana monkey (Cercopithecus diana), greater spot-nosed guenon (Cercopithecus nicitans), Guinea baboons (Papio papio), patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas), potto (Perodicticus potto), spot-nosed monkey (Cercopithecus petaurista), sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys atys), and western red colobus (Piliocolobus badius). Guinea has designated two National Parks: Haut Niger and Badiar. Moyen Bafing National Park is in the final stages of designation. In addition, there is the high-level protected area ‘Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve’ and several classified forests.
Table 1: Basic site information for the Republic of Guinea
| Area | 246,427 km² |
| Coordinates | 10.84 N, -10.94 W |
| Designation | Not applicable |
| Habitat types | Arable land, dry savanna, marshes, moist savanna, permanent freshwater marshes/pools, permanent rivers, plantations, subtropical/tropical dry forest, subtropical/tropical dry shrubland, subtropical/tropical heavily degraded former forest, subtropical/tropical high altitude grassland, subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical/tropical moist montane forest |
IUCN habitat categories Site designations
Ape status
Guinea harbors the largest remaining population of western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus). Sugiyama and Soumah conducted the first nationwide survey in Guinea by sending questionnaires to officers of the provincial governments, and concluded that only a few thousand chimpanzees remain (1988). A follow-up survey based on questionnaire, reconnaissance and transect surveys concluded that the chimpanzee population in Guinea was much larger with up to 23,000 individuals (Ham 1998). More recently the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation conducted transect surveys as 10 sites including a large-scale systematic survey across the Fouta Djallon Bafing Area and estimated that at least 18,000 western chimpanzees remain (WCF 2012). Based on the modelled density distribution of western chimpanzees across their geographic range Heinicke et al. (2019) estimated 33,139 (CI: 8,796-68,203) individuals in Guinea, with highest population densities in the Fouta Djallon (Heinicke et al. 2019, WCF 2012).
Table 2: Great ape population estimates in the Republic of Guinea
| Species | Year | Abundance estimate (95% confidence interval) | Density estimate (per km²) | Encounter rate (nests/km) | Area | Method | Source | Comments | A.P.E.S. database ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pan troglodytes verus | 1988 | 1,420–6,625 | Nationwide | Interview method | Sugiyama & Soumah 1988 | Questionnaire survey | |||
| Pan troglodytes verus | 1995-1997 | 11,949-23,123 | Nationwide | Interview method | Ham 1998 as cited in Kormos et al. 2003 | Questionnaire survey | |||
| Pan troglodytes verus | 2009-2011 | 18,815 (8,581-42,156) | 10 surveyed sites | Line transects (Distance) | WCF 2012 | ||||
| Pan troglodytes verus | 2015 | 33,139 (8,796-68,203) | Nationwide | density distribution predicted using models and transect survey data | Heinicke et al. 2019 |
Threats
The most prevalent threats to chimpanzees across Guinea are habitat loss, caused by logging or fires, and hunting (Kormos et al. 2003, WCF 2012). Agricultural activities are also widespread (Kormos et al. 2003, WCF 2012). With Guinea being the largest exporter of bauxite, the increasing development of mining operations is likely to put more pressure on remaining chimpanzee habitat, as is the further development of hydropower plants.
Conservation activities
In 2012 the NGO WARA started the GALF project Guinée-Application de la Loi Faunique focused on uncovering illegal trade in wildlife and strengthening law enforcement in collaboration with the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MEEF), the Ministry of State for Justice, and the National Central Bureau of INTERPOL. Since its launch 20 chimpanzees have been rescued (GALF WARA 2019). Currently, a new conservation action plan for western chimpanzees In Guinea is in the process of being completed (as of September 2019).
Table 4: Conservation activities in the Republic of Guinea
| Category | Specific activity | Description | Year of activity |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Residential & commercial development | Not reported | ||
| 2. Agriculture & aquaculture | Not reported | ||
| 3. Energy production & mining | Not reported | ||
| 4. Transportation & service corridors | Not reported | ||
| 5. Biological resource use | 5.15. Implement monitoring surveillance strategies (e.g. SMART) or use monitoring data to improve effectiveness of wildlife law enforcement patrols | Uncover illegal trade in wildlife and strengthen law enforcement (GALF WARA 2019) | Since 2012 |
| 6. Human intrusions & disturbance | Not reported | ||
| 7. Natural system modifications | Not reported | ||
| 8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases | Not reported | ||
| 9. Pollution | Not reported | ||
| 10. Education & Awareness | Not reported | ||
| 11. Habitat Protection | Not reported | ||
| 12. Species Management | Not reported | ||
| 13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives | Not reported |
Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)
Impediments
Reviews of the management effectiveness of several protected areas in Guinea consistently listed lack of funding, capacity and training, and lack of technical means as impediments to conservation.
Table 5: Impediments reported for the Republic of Guinea
| Impediment | Source |
|---|---|
| Lack of capacity/ training | McCullough 2004, METT 2009b, UNESCO 2018a, UNESCO 2018b, METT 2009d |
| Lack of financial means | METT 2009a, METT 2009b, METT 2009c, UNESCO 2018a, UNESCO 2018b, METT 2009d |
| Lack of technical means | METT 2009a, METT 2009b, METT 2009c, UNESCO 2018a, METT 2009d |
Research activities
Nationwide surveys of chimpanzee status and distribution have been conducted by Sugiyama and Soumah (1988), Ham (1998) and WCF (2012). In addition, research has and is being done at various research sites including Bossou, Haut Niger, Moyen Bafing, and Seringbara (see sites for details).
Relevant datasets
References
CIA World Factbook. 2019. Guinea. CIA World Factbook Guinea
GALF WARA. 2019. GALF EAGLE website
Ham R. 1998. Nationwide chimpanzee census and large mammal survey Republic of Guinea
Heinicke et al. 2019. Advancing conservation planning for western chimpanzees using IUCN SSC A.P.E.S. – the case of a taxon-specific database. Environmental Research Letters, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab1379
Kormos R et al. 2003. The Republic of Guinea, in Kormos, R. Boesch, C., Bakarr, M.I. & Butynski, T.M. [eds.] Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan, IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK
McCullough J. 2004. A Rapid Biological Assessment of the Forêt Classée du Pic de Fon, Simandou Range, Southeastern Republic of Guinea. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment 35. Conservation International, Washington, DC.
METT. 2009a. Management Effectiveness Evaluations – Parc National du Badiar. Online: papaco.org
METT. 2009b. Management Effectiveness Evaluations – Parc National du Haut Niger. Online: papaco.org
METT. 2009c. Management Effectiveness Evaluations – Reserve de faune de Kankan et parc Diwasi. Online: papaco.org
METT. 2009d. Management Effectiveness Evaluations – Forêt Classée de Ziama. Online: papaco.org
Sugiyama Y, Soumah AG. 1988. Preliminary Survey of the Distribution and Population of Chimpanzees in the Republic of Guinea. Primates, 29(4):569-574
UNEP-WCMC, IUCN. 2019. Protected Planet: The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA), Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN Online: www.protectedplanet.net
UNESCO. 2018a. Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve. Online: whc.unesco.org
UNESCO. 2018b. State of Conservation - Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve. Online: whc.unesco.org/soc
Page completed by: A.P.E.S. Wiki Team Date: 05/09/2019