Souanké-Sembe Landscape

Central Africa > Republic of the Congo > Souanké-Sembe Landscape

Summary

• Central chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) & Western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) are present in Souanké-Sembe Landscape.
• The population sizes are unknown.
• The great ape population trend is unknown.
• The site has a total size of 14,535 km².
• Key threats to great apes are logging, roads, mining, construction of a hydroelectric dam, and poaching.
• Conservation activities have focused on anti-poaching patrols and roadblocks.

Site characteristics

The Souanké-Sembe landscape is located in northwestern Congo, bordering Gabon to the west and Cameroon to the north. The landscape covers about 14,535 km², and includes the proposed protected area of Messok Dja (1,400 km²) and the 9,000 km² Djoua Ivindo Forest (IUCN 2014). The landscape has been identified as an important area for the conservation of chimpanzees and western lowland gorillas since the early 2000s. The area is characterized by a mix of swamp and terra firma forest with large stands of Gilbertiodendron dewevrei, and includes Congo’s highest mountain, Mont Nabemba, at 1,020 m asl. The site forms an important link between Nki National Park in Cameroon, Minkébé National Park in Gabon and Odzala-Kokoua National Park in Congo (IUCN 2014).

Table 1. Basic site information for Souanké-Sembe Landscape

Area	14,535 km²
Coordinates	1.969855 N, 13.936844 E
Designation	Unclassified
Habitat types	Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical/tropical swamp forest

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status

Table 2. Ape population estimates in Souanké-Sembe Landscape

Species	Year	Abundance estimate (95% CI)	Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)	Encounter rate (nests/km)	Area	Method	Source	Comments	A.P.E.S. database ID
Pan troglodytes troglodytes & Gorilla gorilla gorilla

Threats

The Jua Ikié FMU (5,740 km²) and Tala Tala FMU (6,211 km²) were allocated to a Chinese company, SEFYD, and a Lebanese company, SIFCO, respectively (IUCN 2014). Both concessions overlap with the proposed Messok Dja protected area. In 2014, the Ministry of Forest Economy and Sustainable Development (MEFDD) created the Karagoua FMU (6,533 km²), that borders Minkébé NP and overlaps with the Djoua Ivindo Forest; possible attribution of this remote forest to a logging company poses a new threat (IUCN 2014). Three large iron-ore mining projects are planned in Djoua Ivindo. Other pressures on wildlife come from artisanal gold mining, and the proposed 600-MW Chollet hydroelectric dam on the Dja River (which would impact great apes in Nki and Messok Dja). Tarmacking of the Ouesso-Sembe-Souanké-Ntam road is facilitating access to the region, resulting in a booming bushmeat trade, linked to the markets of Ouesso and Brazzaville (IUCN 2014).

Table 3. Threats to apes in Souanké-Sembe Landscape

Category	Specific threats	Threat level	Quantified severity	Description	Year of threat
1. Residential & commercial development		Unknown
2. Agriculture & aquaculture		Unknown
3. Energy production & mining	3.2 Mining & quarrying	Present, but threat severity unknown		Artisanal gold mining (IUCN 2014).	Ongoing (2014)
4. Transportation & service corridors	4.1 Roads & railroads	High		Tarmacking of a road that provides access to previously isolated areas (IUCN 2014)	Ongoing (2014)
5. Biological resource use	5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals	Present, but threat severity unknown		Improved access to the forest leading to higher bushmeat offtake (IUCN 2014).	Ongoing (2014)
	5.3 Logging & wood harvesting	High		Logging concessions (IUCN 2014).	Ongoing (2014)
6. Human intrusion & disturbance		Unknown
7. Natural system modifications	7.2 Dams & water management/use	High		Development of the Chollet hydroelectric dam on the Dja River will affect great apes in Nki and Messok Dja (IUCN 2014).	Ongoing (2014)
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases		Unknown
9. Pollution		Unknown
10. Geological Events		Absent
11. Climate change & severe weather		Unknown
12. Other options		Absent

IUCN Threats list

Conservation activities

Table 4. Conservation activities in Souanké-Sembe Landscape

Category	Specific activity	Description	Year of activity
1. Residential & commercial development	Not reported
2. Agriculture & aquaculture	Not reported
3. Energy production & mining	Not reported
4. Transportation & service corridors	Not reported
5. Biological resource use	5.4. Implement road blocks to inspect cars for illegal primate bushmeat	Development and implementation of wildlife management plans by logging companies, including support for additional ecoguard units and roadblocks (IUCN 2014).	Ongoing (2014)
	5.6. Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols	Joint patrols are conducted with Cameroon (Messok Dja-Nki border) and Gabon (Minkébé border, Djoua River); establishment of ecoguard units in collaboration with mining companies in Djoua Ivindo (IUCN 2014).	Ongoing (2014)
6. Human intrusion & disturbance	Not reported
7. Natural system modifications	Not reported
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases	Not reported
9. Pollution	Not reported
10. Education & Awareness	Not reported
11. Habitat Protection	Not reported
12. Species Management	Not reported
13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives	Not reported

Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)

Challenges

Table 5. Challenges reported for Souanké-Sembe Landscape

Challenge	Source
Not reported

Research activities

Documented behaviours

Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Souanké-Sembe Landscape

Behavior	Source
Not reported

External links

Relevant datasets

A.P.E.S Portal

References

IUCN (2014). Regional Action Plan for the Conservation of Western Lowland Gorillas and Central Chimpanzees 2015–2025. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group. 56 pp.

Page completed by: A.P.E.S. Wiki team Date: 10/01/2022