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Summary

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Site characteristics

Usun Apau National Park is described as pristine area known for its waterfalls. The government aims to develop ecotourism at Usun Apau National Park (Sarawak Tribune 2022). Usun Apau was also proposed to be included in the extension of the Heart of Borneo as part of Extended Baram Complex (Mathai et al. 2016). Other species such as Presbytis hosei and Presbytis rubicunda ignita are found in this national park (Ang et al.2024)

Table 1. Basic site information for Usun Apau National Park

Species	Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus
Area	1550
Coordinates	Lat: 39.86595 , Lon: -75.17879
Type of site	Protected area (National Park)
Habitat types	Subtropical/tropical moist montane forest, "Rocky areas (inland cliffs, mountain peaks)"
Type of governance	Governance by government

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status

Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Usun Apau National Park

Species	Year	Abundance estimate (95% CI)	Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)	Encounter rate (nests/km)	Area	Method	Source	Comments	A.P.E.S. database ID
Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus	2017-2020					Line transects	Ampeng et al. 2021	The survey using line transect found 1 individual Bornean orangutan and 4 orangutan nests.
Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus	2017-2020					Aerial (drones/plane/helicopter)	Ampeng et al. 2021	Aerial surveys fitted with FLIR-camera yet was unable to confirm the presence of additional nests from daytime aerial photographs.

Conservation activities

Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Usun Apau National Park

Category	Specific activity	Description	Implementing organization(s)	Year of activity
			Cristiar Samosir

Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)

Challenges

Table 5. Challenges reported for Usun Apau National Park

Challenges	Specific challenges	Source	Year(s)
	Unknown

Research activities

There was an expedition in Usun Apau Plateau by an Oxford University in 1955 (Arnold 1957). The expedition explored the montane plateau and also conducted archaelogical excavations from old longhouse.

Besides that, a study on dragonfly was also conducted in Usun Apau National Park in 2012 through collaboration research between Naturalis Biodiversity Center, St Anne's Close and National Biodiversity Centre (Dow, Reels, and Ngiam 2015). They found 55 odonate species during the time period.

WWF also documented Usun Apau National Park in their publication entitled "The Environmental Status of Borneo" published in 2017 (Wulffraat & Greenwood 2017).

Documented behaviours

Table 7. Behaviours documented for Usun Apau National Park

Behavior	Source
Vocalization	Ampeng et al 2021

References

Ampeng, A., Liam, J., Simpson, B., Traelholt, C., Nor, S. M., Abdan-Saleman, M. S. B., ... & Md-Zain, B. M. (2021). First Bornean orangutan sighting in Usun Apau National Park, Sarawak. Biodiversity Data Journal, 9.

Ang, A., Brandon-Jones, D., Ruppert, N., Lee, Z. H., Affendi, A., Stanly Anyie, Y., Boonratana, R., Cheyne, S. M., Chua, A., Hayunieta, Irawan, A., Jerusalinsky, L., Karuniawati, A., Khalid, S., Koh, J., Lee, C., Lhota, S., Lwin, N., Mittermeier, R. A., … Roos, C. (2024). Asian langurs (Presbytis) conservation action plan 2024–2034. IUCN. https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/51546

Dow, R. A., Reels, G. T., & Ngiam, R. W. (2015). Odonata collected at Usun Apau National Park, Miri Division, Sarawak, Malaysia in April and May 2012. International Dragonfly Fund: Report, 1-17.

Mathai, J., Duckworth, J. W., Meijaard, E., Fredriksson, G., Hon, J., Sebastian, A., ... & Wilting, A. (2016). Carnivore conservation planning on Borneo: identifying key carnivore landscapes, research priorities and conservation interventions. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology.

Sarawak Tribune. 2022. Government to develop Usun Apau as tourist attraction. https://www.newsarawaktribune.com.my/government-to-develop-usun-apau-as-tourist-attraction/

Wulffraat, S. and Greenwood, C. (2017). The environmental status of Borneo. WWF Heart of Borneo Programme.

Page created by: Cristiar Samosir Date: 2024-11-26 13:43:00