Muong Nhe Nature Reserve

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Summary

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• Northern white-cheeked gibbons (Nomascus leucogenys) are present in Muong Nhe Nature Reserve.
• It has been estimated that more than 16 groups occur in the site.
• The gibbon population trend is unknown.
• The site has a total size of 455 km².
• Hunting is the main threat to gibbons at the site.
• Conservation activities are not documented.

Site characteristics

Table 1. Basic site information for Muong Nhe Nature Reserve

Species	Nomascus leucogenys
Area	455 km²
Coordinates	Lat: 22.162199 , Lon: 102.393598
Type of site	Protected area (Nature Reserve)
Habitat types	Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest
Type of governance

Types of sites Governance types Habitat types

Ape status

In 2010, during extensive gibbon surveys in the reserve, at least 16 groups were detected, of which 13 were located in the northern part of the reserve, near the border to Laos (Rawson et al. 2011). The population in the southern part of the reserve is smaller due to hunting and habitat loss. The reserve appears to harbour one of the largest remaining populations of northern white-cheeked gibbons in Vietnam (Rawson et al. 2011). Nomascus concolor may also occur in the reserve (Nguyen Manh Ha et al. 2010), although vocal recordings and DNA analysis are needed to confirm this.

Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Muong Nhe Nature Reserve

Species	Year	Total number indiv. (95% CI)	Total number groups (95% CI)	Density ​​[groups/km²​] (95% CI)	Area	Method	Source	Comments	A.P.E.S. database ID	NA	NA
Nomascus leucogenys	2010			>16		Muong Nhe Nature Reserve	Fixed point triangulation		Nguyen Manh Ha et al. 2010

Threats

Hunting is the main threat to gibbons in the site. Gibbons appear to be more secure in the northern part of the reserve, due to more intact habitats, limited human access and increased protection afforded by international border security measures (Rawson et al. 2011). Between 2008 and 2011, at least three instances of gibbon hunting at the site were reported (Nguyen Manh Ha et al. 2010).

Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Muong Nhe Nature Reserve

Category	Specific threats	Threat level	Description	Year of threat
5 Biological resource use	5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals	High (more than 70% of population affected)	Hunting rates are higher in the southern part of the reserve; in the northern part, hunting is lower due to more limited human access and increased protection (Rawson et al. 2011).	Ongoing (2011)
10 Geological events		Absent
12 Other threat		Absent
1 Residential & commercial development		Unknown
2 Agriculture & aquaculture		Unknown
3 Energy production & mining		Unknown
4 Transportation & service corridors		Unknown
6 Human intrusions & disturbance		Unknown
7 Natural system modifications		Unknown
8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases		Unknown
9 Pollution		Unknown
11 Climate change & severe weather		Unknown

Threats

Challenges

Table 5. Challenges reported for Muong Nhe Nature Reserve

Challenges	Specific challenges	Source	Year(s)
	Not reported

Enablers

Table 6. Enablers reported for Muong Nhe Nature Reserve

Enablers	Specific enablers	Source	Year(s)
1 Site management
2 Resources and capacity
3 Engaged community
4 Institutional support
5 Ecological context
6 Safety and stability

Documented behaviours

Table 7. Behaviours documented for Muong Nhe Nature Reserve

Behavior	Source
Not reported

References

Rawson, B. M, Insua-Cao, P., Nguyen Manh Ha, Van Ngoc Thinh, Hoang Minh Duc, Mahood, S., Geissmann, T. and Roos, C. 2011. The Conservation Status of Gibbons in Vietnam. Fauna & Flora International/Conservation International, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Nguyen Manh Ha, Do Tuoc, Nguyen Quoc Tang, Nguyen Manh Cuong, Le Van Dung, and Luu Tuong Bach (2010). Report of white-cheeked crested gibbon (Nomascus leucogenys) survey in Muong Nhe Nature Reserve, Dien Bien Province, Vietnam. Fauna & Flora International and Conservation International, Hanoi, Vietnam.

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