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Souanké-Sembe Landscape (view source)
Revision as of 05:05, 10 January 2022
, 05:05, 10 January 2022Created page with "<!-- INSTRUCTIONS FOR UPLOADING SITE INFORMATION - Wiki pages contain information in paragraphs, tables, lists, and images. - Text and images are not restricted, and their for..."
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- Wiki pages contain information in paragraphs, tables, lists, and images.
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1) Table structure cannot be changed.
2) List format should not change, i.e. they are comma separated lists, not bullet points or numbered lists.
3) To make information comparable across wiki pages, keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. This is why we use official lists, e.g., IUCN classification lists, in our tables.
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[[Central Africa]] > [[Republic of the Congo]] > [[Souanké-Sembe Landscape]]
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
* Central chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes troglodytes'') & Western lowland gorillas (''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'') are present in Souanké-Sembe Landscape.
* The population sizes are unknown.
* The great ape population trend is unknown.
* The site has a total size of 14,535 km².
* Key threats to great apes are logging, roads, mining, construction of a hydroelectric dam, and poaching.
* Conservation activities have focused on anti-poaching patrols and roadblocks.
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
The Souanké-Sembe landscape is located in northwestern Congo, bordering Gabon to the west and Cameroon to the north. The landscape covers about 14,535 km², and includes the proposed protected area of Messok Dja (1,400 km²) and the 9,000 km² Djoua Ivindo Forest (IUCN 2014). The landscape has been identified as an important area for the conservation of chimpanzees and western lowland gorillas since the early 2000s. The area is characterized by a mix of swamp and terra firma forest with large stands of Gilbertiodendron dewevrei, and includes Congo’s highest mountain, Mont Nabemba, at 1,020 m asl. The site forms an important link between [Nki National Park] in Cameroon, [Minkébé National Park] in Gabon and [Odzala-Kokoua National Park] in Congo (IUCN 2014).
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Souanké-Sembe Landscape'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
|14,535 km²
|-
|Coordinates
|1.969855 N, 13.936844 E
|-
|Designation
|Unclassified
|-
|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical/tropical swamp forest
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Souanké-Sembe Landscape'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
! Species
! Year
! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
! Area
! Method
! Source
! Comments
! A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|''Pan troglodytes troglodytes & Gorilla gorilla gorilla''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
The Jua Ikié FMU (5,740 km²) and Tala Tala FMU (6,211 km²) were allocated to a Chinese company, SEFYD, and a Lebanese company, SIFCO, respectively (IUCN 2014). Both concessions overlap with the proposed Messok Dja protected area. In 2014, the Ministry of Forest Economy and Sustainable Development (MEFDD) created the Karagoua FMU (6,533 km²), that borders Minkébé NP and overlaps with the Djoua Ivindo Forest; possible attribution of this remote forest to a logging company poses a new threat (IUCN 2014). Three large iron-ore mining projects are planned in Djoua Ivindo. Other pressures on wildlife come from artisanal gold mining, and the proposed 600-MW Chollet hydroelectric dam on the Dja River (which would impact great apes in Nki and Messok Dja). Tarmacking of the Ouesso-Sembe-Souanké-Ntam road is facilitating access to the region, resulting in a booming bushmeat trade, linked to the markets of Ouesso and Brazzaville (IUCN 2014).
'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Souanké-Sembe Landscape'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of threat <!-- Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|3.2 Mining & quarrying
|Present, but threat severity unknown
|
|Artisanal gold mining (IUCN 2014).
|Ongoing (2014)
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|4.1 Roads & railroads
|High
|
|Tarmacking of a road that provides access to previously isolated areas (IUCN 2014)
|Ongoing (2014)
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
|Present, but threat severity unknown
|
|Improved access to the forest leading to higher bushmeat offtake (IUCN 2014).
|Ongoing (2014)
|-
|
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
|High
|
|Logging concessions (IUCN 2014).
|Ongoing (2014)
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|7.2 Dams & water management/use
|High
|
|Development of the Chollet hydroelectric dam on the Dja River will affect great apes in Nki and Messok Dja (IUCN 2014).
|Ongoing (2014)
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|10. Geological Events
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
| 11. Climate change & severe weather
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|12. Other options
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
= Conservation activities = <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Souanké-Sembe Landscape'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5.4. Implement road blocks to inspect cars for illegal primate bushmeat
|Development and implementation of wildlife management plans by logging companies, including support for additional ecoguard units and roadblocks (IUCN 2014).
|Ongoing (2014)
|-
|
|5.6. Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols
|Joint patrols are conducted with Cameroon (Messok Dja-Nki border) and Gabon (Minkébé border, Djoua River); establishment of ecoguard units in collaboration with mining companies in Djoua Ivindo (IUCN 2014).
|Ongoing (2014)
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|10. Education & Awareness
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|11. Habitat Protection
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|12. Species Management
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|}
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Souanké-Sembe Landscape'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
|-
|Not reported
|
|-
|}
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Souanké-Sembe Landscape'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
!align="left"|Behavior
!Source
|-
|Not reported
|
|-
|}
=External links=
===Relevant datasets===
[http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal]
= References =
IUCN (2014). Regional Action Plan for the Conservation of Western Lowland Gorillas and Central Chimpanzees 2015–2025. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group. 56 pp.<br>
<br>
'''Page completed by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki team''' Date:''' 10/01/2022 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
- Wiki pages contain information in paragraphs, tables, lists, and images.
- Text and images are not restricted, and their formats can be chosen as desired.
- Tables and lists are extracted as data, so the following restrictions apply to them:
1) Table structure cannot be changed.
2) List format should not change, i.e. they are comma separated lists, not bullet points or numbered lists.
3) To make information comparable across wiki pages, keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. This is why we use official lists, e.g., IUCN classification lists, in our tables.
-->
[[Central Africa]] > [[Republic of the Congo]] > [[Souanké-Sembe Landscape]]
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
* Central chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes troglodytes'') & Western lowland gorillas (''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'') are present in Souanké-Sembe Landscape.
* The population sizes are unknown.
* The great ape population trend is unknown.
* The site has a total size of 14,535 km².
* Key threats to great apes are logging, roads, mining, construction of a hydroelectric dam, and poaching.
* Conservation activities have focused on anti-poaching patrols and roadblocks.
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
The Souanké-Sembe landscape is located in northwestern Congo, bordering Gabon to the west and Cameroon to the north. The landscape covers about 14,535 km², and includes the proposed protected area of Messok Dja (1,400 km²) and the 9,000 km² Djoua Ivindo Forest (IUCN 2014). The landscape has been identified as an important area for the conservation of chimpanzees and western lowland gorillas since the early 2000s. The area is characterized by a mix of swamp and terra firma forest with large stands of Gilbertiodendron dewevrei, and includes Congo’s highest mountain, Mont Nabemba, at 1,020 m asl. The site forms an important link between [Nki National Park] in Cameroon, [Minkébé National Park] in Gabon and [Odzala-Kokoua National Park] in Congo (IUCN 2014).
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Souanké-Sembe Landscape'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
|14,535 km²
|-
|Coordinates
|1.969855 N, 13.936844 E
|-
|Designation
|Unclassified
|-
|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical/tropical swamp forest
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Souanké-Sembe Landscape'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
! Species
! Year
! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
! Area
! Method
! Source
! Comments
! A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|''Pan troglodytes troglodytes & Gorilla gorilla gorilla''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
The Jua Ikié FMU (5,740 km²) and Tala Tala FMU (6,211 km²) were allocated to a Chinese company, SEFYD, and a Lebanese company, SIFCO, respectively (IUCN 2014). Both concessions overlap with the proposed Messok Dja protected area. In 2014, the Ministry of Forest Economy and Sustainable Development (MEFDD) created the Karagoua FMU (6,533 km²), that borders Minkébé NP and overlaps with the Djoua Ivindo Forest; possible attribution of this remote forest to a logging company poses a new threat (IUCN 2014). Three large iron-ore mining projects are planned in Djoua Ivindo. Other pressures on wildlife come from artisanal gold mining, and the proposed 600-MW Chollet hydroelectric dam on the Dja River (which would impact great apes in Nki and Messok Dja). Tarmacking of the Ouesso-Sembe-Souanké-Ntam road is facilitating access to the region, resulting in a booming bushmeat trade, linked to the markets of Ouesso and Brazzaville (IUCN 2014).
'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Souanké-Sembe Landscape'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of threat <!-- Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|3.2 Mining & quarrying
|Present, but threat severity unknown
|
|Artisanal gold mining (IUCN 2014).
|Ongoing (2014)
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|4.1 Roads & railroads
|High
|
|Tarmacking of a road that provides access to previously isolated areas (IUCN 2014)
|Ongoing (2014)
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
|Present, but threat severity unknown
|
|Improved access to the forest leading to higher bushmeat offtake (IUCN 2014).
|Ongoing (2014)
|-
|
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
|High
|
|Logging concessions (IUCN 2014).
|Ongoing (2014)
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|7.2 Dams & water management/use
|High
|
|Development of the Chollet hydroelectric dam on the Dja River will affect great apes in Nki and Messok Dja (IUCN 2014).
|Ongoing (2014)
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|10. Geological Events
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
| 11. Climate change & severe weather
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|12. Other options
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
= Conservation activities = <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Souanké-Sembe Landscape'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5.4. Implement road blocks to inspect cars for illegal primate bushmeat
|Development and implementation of wildlife management plans by logging companies, including support for additional ecoguard units and roadblocks (IUCN 2014).
|Ongoing (2014)
|-
|
|5.6. Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols
|Joint patrols are conducted with Cameroon (Messok Dja-Nki border) and Gabon (Minkébé border, Djoua River); establishment of ecoguard units in collaboration with mining companies in Djoua Ivindo (IUCN 2014).
|Ongoing (2014)
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|10. Education & Awareness
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|11. Habitat Protection
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|12. Species Management
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|}
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Souanké-Sembe Landscape'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
|-
|Not reported
|
|-
|}
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Souanké-Sembe Landscape'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
!align="left"|Behavior
!Source
|-
|Not reported
|
|-
|}
=External links=
===Relevant datasets===
[http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal]
= References =
IUCN (2014). Regional Action Plan for the Conservation of Western Lowland Gorillas and Central Chimpanzees 2015–2025. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group. 56 pp.<br>
<br>
'''Page completed by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki team''' Date:''' 10/01/2022 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->