0
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Nialama Classified Forest (view source)
Revision as of 03:58, 14 January 2020
, 03:58, 14 January 2020Created page with "<!-- INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING Site INFORMATION - Wiki site pages contain information in paragraphs of text, tables, keyword lists, and images - Text paragraphs and images a..."
<!-- INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING Site INFORMATION
- Wiki site pages contain information in paragraphs of text, tables, keyword lists, and images
- Text paragraphs and images are not restricted, so text format and images can be chosen as desired.
- Tables and keyword lists are extracted as data, and so have the following restrictions:
1) Table structure cannot be changed
2) Keyword format should not change, i.e. they are comma separated lists, not bullet points or numbered lists.
3) Keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. A link to the keyword list page is found adjacent
to the relevant table or keyword list. This ensures that the same keyword always refers to the same concept, e.g. Everybody uses "Industrial mining",
rather than several keywords such as "Industrial mining", "Large-scale mining", and "Mining".
-->
<!-- Please add information for this site -->
[[West Africa]] > [[Republic of Guinea]] > [[Nialama Classified Forest]]
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->
* Western chimpanzees ([https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15935/17989872 ''Pan troglodytes verus'']) are present in Nialama Classified Forest.
* It has been estimated that more than 80 chimpanzees occur in and around Nialama Classified Forest.
* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
* This site has a total size of 100 km².
* Key threats to chimpanzees is habitat degradation due to agriculture.
* A community-based chimpanzee monitoring initiative has been established in 1998.
* Nialama Classified Forest is co-managed by local communities and government authorities since 1999.
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
Nialama (or Nyalama) is located in the Fouta Djallon highland region in northern Guinea and was designated a Classified Forest (IUCN category not reported) in 1943 (UNEP-WCMC & IUCN 2019). It is 120 km northwest of Labé in the sub-prefecture of Linsan-Saran. It has a size of 100 km2 (UNEP-WCMC & IUCN 2019). Nialama is on and below a steep plateau, an area characterized by a mosaic of open savanna woodland with gallery forests, grassland, patches of bamboo and seasonal swamps (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011, BirdLife International 2019). The annual rainfall is 1,145 mm (BirdLife International 2019).
Due to its bird diversity Nialama is designated an Important Bird Area with a total size of 120 km2 consisting of Nialama CF and adjacent areas (BirdLife International 2019). Several primate species occur in the forest: western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus''), king colobus (''Colobus polykomos''), Guinea baboon (''Papio papio''), Campbell’s monkey (''Cercopithecus campbelli''), patas monkey (''Erythrocebus patas''), and Northern lesser galago (''Galago senegalensis'', Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011). In addition, 17 species of amphibians have been recorded in Nialama CF (Hillers et al. 2008).
'''Table 1: Basic site information for Nialama Classified Forest'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
|Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
|100 km²
|-
|Coordinates
|11.73 N, -12.74 W
|-
|Designation <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc. -->
|Classified Forest
|-
|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (Without number), see link below -->
|Dry savanna, subtropical/tropical dry shrubland, subtropical/tropical dry forest, swamps, arable land
|}
[http://www.unitar.org/hiroshima/sites/unitar.org.hiroshima/files/Annex%201%20-%20IUCN%20Classification%20Schemes.pdf IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
<br>
= Ape status = <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
In a nationwide survey Rebecca Kormos confirmed the presence of western chimpanzees in Nialama CF (Ham 1998). Kormos identified Nialama CF as the third most important priority area for western chimpanzee conservation in Guinea due to high abundance of chimpanzees and remaining suitable habitat (Ham 1998). A follow-up survey in 1998 concluded that at least three chimpanzee communities occur in Nialama CF and additional four groups use the site periodically (Carter 2000 as cited in Kormos et al. 2003 and Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011). Janis Carter trained community members to monitor chimpanzees and set up a community-based monitoring system in which community members collected data monthly within and outside of Nialama CF (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011). Funding for this project ceased in 2009 and the current status of the monitoring project was not reported (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011).
'''Table 2: Great ape population estimates in Nialama Classified Forest'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
! Species
! Year
! Abundance estimate (95% confidence interval)
! Density estimate (per km²)
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
! Area
! Method
! Source
! Comments
! A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|1997
|
|Present
|
|Index survey
|Ham 1998
|Reconnaissance survey
|
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|1998
|83
|
|
|
|
|Carter 2000 as cited in Kormos et al. 2003 and Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011
|
|
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|2006-2008
|
|0.08-0.240
|Within and outside Nialama forest
|Line transects (Distance)
|Carter 2008 as cited in Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011
|Total survey effort: 3483.84 km
|
|}
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
The main threat to chimpanzees is habitat destruction and fragmentation as a results of the expansion of agricultural areas (BirdLife International 2019, Kormos et al. 2003, Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011). Two villages are located within Nialama Cf with a total population of several hundred inhabitants, and additional villages are located at the border of Nialama CF (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011). The expansion of agricultural areas also resulted in an increase in frequency of negative chimpanzee-human interactions, for example crop raiding killing of young livestock by chimpanzees, conflict over water sources and wild fruits. Especially the first one can lead to the reduction in villager’s income. This is turn can lead to retaliatory hunting of chimpanzees by villagers (Carter 2004, 2008 as cited in Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011). Fires occur regularly to clear land for agriculture or foster the regrowth of new grass for cattle raising (PEGG 2012). Swamps are partly used for rice cultivation (BirdLife International 2019). At the end of 1980s large-scale logging took place (BirdLife International 2019).
'''Table 3: Threats to great apes in Nialama Classified Forest'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: unknown, low, high -->
!Quantified severity <!-- e.g., encounter rate, number of miners etc. (with reference)-->
!Description <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
!Year of threat <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets-->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|1.1. Housing & urban areas
|Medium
|2 villages (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011)
|Two villages within the forest, additional villages in the vicinity (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011)
|Ongoing (2011)
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|2.1. Annual & Perennial Non-Timber Crops
|High
|
|Agricultural very prevalent across the site, especially in the western part of the site (BirdLife International 2019, Kormos et al. 2003, Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011)
|Ongoing (2019)
|-
|
|2.3. Livestock Farming & Ranching
|Medium
|
|Area used for cattle grazing (PEGG 2012)
|Ongoing (2012)
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|4.1. Roads & railroads
|Present
|
|Trail system used by villagers (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011)
|Ongoing (2011)
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5.1. Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
|Low
|
|Retaliatory killings of chimpanzees after crop raising, but generally social norms forbid the hunting and eating of chimpanzees (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011)
|Ongoing (2011)
|-
|
|5.2. Gathering terrestrial plants
|Present
|
|Gathering of non-forest timber products permitted and regulated under the management plan (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011)
|Ongoing (2011)
|-
|
|5.3. Logging & wood harvesting
|Medium
|
|Large-sale logging in the 1980s which markedly changed the habitat composition (BirdLife International 2019)
|1980s
|-
|6. Human intrusions & disturbance
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|7.1. Fire & Fire suppression
|Medium
|
|Fire are set for clearing areas for agricultural use and grass regrowth (BirdLife International 2019, Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011)
|Ongoing (2011)
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
|10. Geological Events
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
| 11. Climate change & severe weather
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|12. Other options
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
= Conservation activities = <!-- a text overview of conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
In 1998 as part of the project “Projet de Conservation de Chimpanzés” local hunters were trained to collect monitoring data on the number and movement of chimpanzees in Nialama forest (Kormos et al. 2003). The aim was to develop a low-cost long-term monitoring system of chimpanzees (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011). Since 2000 a monthly, community-based monitoring system was implemented in the areas. In addition, in 1999 Nialama CF became the first forest in Guinea to be co-managed by local communities and the National Directorate of Water and Forests (DNEF) based on a legally binding agreement between the involved parties (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011). Co-management implied that local communities and government authorities jointly make land and resource-use decisions as a part of a management plan. Specifically, this included ensuring that community members and forestry agents implement management activities, such as clearing and maintaining fire buffers, wildlife monitoring, enforcing rules for the sustainable use of wildlife and plants, tree replanting and demarcating the classified forest. At the same part communities can use timber and non-timber forest products from the forest, receive financial and technical support for farming and agroforestry in selected areas, all in accordance with rules set forth in the management plan (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011). The project was funded by USAID until 2009. A study showed that habitat degradation was less prevalent in habitat that had been demarcated as critical for chimpanzees by the community-based project compared to other areas around Nialama CF (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011).
Noteworthy is also people’s traditional believes forbid the hunting and eating of chimpanzees, resulting in some level of protection to chimpanzees, but is not followed by all community members (Kormos et al. 2003, Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011).
'''Table 4: Conservation activities in Nialama Classified Forest'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
!Description <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
!Year of activity <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|2.11. Farm more intensively and effectively in selected areas and spare more natural land
|As part of co-management approach critical chimpanzee habitat was delineated, management plan exists, farmers received technical and financial support (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011)
|Since 1999
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5.16. Implement community control of patrolling, banning hunting and removing snares
|Hunting regulated as part of management plan (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011)
|Since 1999
|-
|6. Human intrusions & disturbance
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|10. Education & Awareness
|10.1. Educate local communities about primates and sustainable use
|Environmental awareness raising activities (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011)
|Since 1999
|-
|
|10.2. Involve local community in primate research and conservation management
|Community-based monitoring system of chimpanzees implemented (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011)
|Since 1998
|-
|11. Habitat Protection
|11.2. Legally protect primate habitat
|1) designated as Classified Forest (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2019), 2) co-management of forest (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2019)
|
|-
|
|11.8. Plant indigenous trees to re-establish natural tree communities in clear-cut areas
|Tree-replanting (PEGG 2012)
|Since 1999
|-
|12. Species Management
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
|13.1. Provide monetary benefits to local communities for sustainably managing their forest and its wildlife
|Villagers benefited from technical and financial support for farming and other livelihoods which led to increased income (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011)
|Since 1999
|-
|}
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
= Impediments = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->
Lack of transportation for members of the village committee and the National Directorate of Water and Forests was mentioned as an impediment to implementing the management plan (PEGG 2012). Members that were newly elected to the village committee after the conservation project stopped did not receive training and lack capacity to fulfil their tasks (PEGG 2012).
'''Table 5: Impediments reported for Nialama Classified Forest'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="impediments-table"
!align="left"|Impediment <!-- Do not change categories -->
!Source <!-- source for impediment mentioned -->
|-
|Lack of capacity/ training
|PEGG 2012
|-
|Lack of technical means
|PEGG 2012
|}
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
As detailed above surveys and long-term monitoring of chimpanzees has been implemented (Ham 1998, Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011). A study on amphibian diversity has also been done (Hillers at al. 2008).
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
'''Table 6: Great ape behaviors reported for Nialama Classified Forest'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
!align="left"|Behavior <!-- Do not change categories -->
!Source <!-- source for behavior -->
|-
|Not reported
|
|}
===Relevant datasets===
[http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal]
<br>
= References =
BirdLife International. 2019. Important Bird Areas factsheet: Nialama. Online: [http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/nialama-iba-guinea www.birdlife.org]<br>
Carter J. 2000. Les Chimpanzés de Guinée. Une etude pour une survie: Nyalama et Pita. Unpublished report for the US Agency for International Development, Conakry, Republic of Guinea, the Direction Nationale des Eaux et Forets, Conakry, Guinea and Friends of Animals, USA.<br>
Kormos R et al. 2003. The Republic of Guinea, in Kormos, R. Boesch, C., Bakarr, M.I. & Butynski, T.M. [eds.] Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan, IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK<br>
Ham R. 1998. Nationwide chimpanzee census and large mammal survey Republic of Guinea. Projet de conservation des chimpanzés en Guineée. Report to the European Union. <br>
Hillers A et al. 2008. A preliminary assessment of the amphibians of the Fouta Djallon, Guinea, West Africa. Salamandra, 44:2, 113-122.<br>
PEGG. 2012 Current state of the classified and co-managed forests of Balayan Souroumba, Nialama, Sincery Oursa and Souti Yanfou. Program in Environmental Governance in Guinea for Capacity Building and Biodiversity Conservation. A rapid assessment conducted by PEGG, in collaboration with DNEF, BGEEE, and COSIE<br>
Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011. Impacts of co-management on western chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) habitat and conservation in Nialama Classified Forest, Republic of Guinea: a satellite perspective. Biodiversity and Conservation 20:2745-2757<br>
UNEP-WCMC, IUCN. 2019. Protected Planet: The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA), Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN Online: [https://www.protectedplanet.net/317286 www.protectedplanet.net]<br>
<br>
'''Page completed by:''' A.P.E.S. Wiki Team '''Date:''' 07/06/2019 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
<br><br>
- Wiki site pages contain information in paragraphs of text, tables, keyword lists, and images
- Text paragraphs and images are not restricted, so text format and images can be chosen as desired.
- Tables and keyword lists are extracted as data, and so have the following restrictions:
1) Table structure cannot be changed
2) Keyword format should not change, i.e. they are comma separated lists, not bullet points or numbered lists.
3) Keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. A link to the keyword list page is found adjacent
to the relevant table or keyword list. This ensures that the same keyword always refers to the same concept, e.g. Everybody uses "Industrial mining",
rather than several keywords such as "Industrial mining", "Large-scale mining", and "Mining".
-->
<!-- Please add information for this site -->
[[West Africa]] > [[Republic of Guinea]] > [[Nialama Classified Forest]]
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->
* Western chimpanzees ([https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15935/17989872 ''Pan troglodytes verus'']) are present in Nialama Classified Forest.
* It has been estimated that more than 80 chimpanzees occur in and around Nialama Classified Forest.
* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
* This site has a total size of 100 km².
* Key threats to chimpanzees is habitat degradation due to agriculture.
* A community-based chimpanzee monitoring initiative has been established in 1998.
* Nialama Classified Forest is co-managed by local communities and government authorities since 1999.
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
Nialama (or Nyalama) is located in the Fouta Djallon highland region in northern Guinea and was designated a Classified Forest (IUCN category not reported) in 1943 (UNEP-WCMC & IUCN 2019). It is 120 km northwest of Labé in the sub-prefecture of Linsan-Saran. It has a size of 100 km2 (UNEP-WCMC & IUCN 2019). Nialama is on and below a steep plateau, an area characterized by a mosaic of open savanna woodland with gallery forests, grassland, patches of bamboo and seasonal swamps (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011, BirdLife International 2019). The annual rainfall is 1,145 mm (BirdLife International 2019).
Due to its bird diversity Nialama is designated an Important Bird Area with a total size of 120 km2 consisting of Nialama CF and adjacent areas (BirdLife International 2019). Several primate species occur in the forest: western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus''), king colobus (''Colobus polykomos''), Guinea baboon (''Papio papio''), Campbell’s monkey (''Cercopithecus campbelli''), patas monkey (''Erythrocebus patas''), and Northern lesser galago (''Galago senegalensis'', Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011). In addition, 17 species of amphibians have been recorded in Nialama CF (Hillers et al. 2008).
'''Table 1: Basic site information for Nialama Classified Forest'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
|Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
|100 km²
|-
|Coordinates
|11.73 N, -12.74 W
|-
|Designation <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc. -->
|Classified Forest
|-
|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (Without number), see link below -->
|Dry savanna, subtropical/tropical dry shrubland, subtropical/tropical dry forest, swamps, arable land
|}
[http://www.unitar.org/hiroshima/sites/unitar.org.hiroshima/files/Annex%201%20-%20IUCN%20Classification%20Schemes.pdf IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
<br>
= Ape status = <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
In a nationwide survey Rebecca Kormos confirmed the presence of western chimpanzees in Nialama CF (Ham 1998). Kormos identified Nialama CF as the third most important priority area for western chimpanzee conservation in Guinea due to high abundance of chimpanzees and remaining suitable habitat (Ham 1998). A follow-up survey in 1998 concluded that at least three chimpanzee communities occur in Nialama CF and additional four groups use the site periodically (Carter 2000 as cited in Kormos et al. 2003 and Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011). Janis Carter trained community members to monitor chimpanzees and set up a community-based monitoring system in which community members collected data monthly within and outside of Nialama CF (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011). Funding for this project ceased in 2009 and the current status of the monitoring project was not reported (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011).
'''Table 2: Great ape population estimates in Nialama Classified Forest'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
! Species
! Year
! Abundance estimate (95% confidence interval)
! Density estimate (per km²)
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
! Area
! Method
! Source
! Comments
! A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|1997
|
|Present
|
|Index survey
|Ham 1998
|Reconnaissance survey
|
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|1998
|83
|
|
|
|
|Carter 2000 as cited in Kormos et al. 2003 and Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011
|
|
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|2006-2008
|
|0.08-0.240
|Within and outside Nialama forest
|Line transects (Distance)
|Carter 2008 as cited in Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011
|Total survey effort: 3483.84 km
|
|}
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
The main threat to chimpanzees is habitat destruction and fragmentation as a results of the expansion of agricultural areas (BirdLife International 2019, Kormos et al. 2003, Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011). Two villages are located within Nialama Cf with a total population of several hundred inhabitants, and additional villages are located at the border of Nialama CF (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011). The expansion of agricultural areas also resulted in an increase in frequency of negative chimpanzee-human interactions, for example crop raiding killing of young livestock by chimpanzees, conflict over water sources and wild fruits. Especially the first one can lead to the reduction in villager’s income. This is turn can lead to retaliatory hunting of chimpanzees by villagers (Carter 2004, 2008 as cited in Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011). Fires occur regularly to clear land for agriculture or foster the regrowth of new grass for cattle raising (PEGG 2012). Swamps are partly used for rice cultivation (BirdLife International 2019). At the end of 1980s large-scale logging took place (BirdLife International 2019).
'''Table 3: Threats to great apes in Nialama Classified Forest'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: unknown, low, high -->
!Quantified severity <!-- e.g., encounter rate, number of miners etc. (with reference)-->
!Description <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
!Year of threat <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets-->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|1.1. Housing & urban areas
|Medium
|2 villages (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011)
|Two villages within the forest, additional villages in the vicinity (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011)
|Ongoing (2011)
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|2.1. Annual & Perennial Non-Timber Crops
|High
|
|Agricultural very prevalent across the site, especially in the western part of the site (BirdLife International 2019, Kormos et al. 2003, Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011)
|Ongoing (2019)
|-
|
|2.3. Livestock Farming & Ranching
|Medium
|
|Area used for cattle grazing (PEGG 2012)
|Ongoing (2012)
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|4.1. Roads & railroads
|Present
|
|Trail system used by villagers (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011)
|Ongoing (2011)
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5.1. Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
|Low
|
|Retaliatory killings of chimpanzees after crop raising, but generally social norms forbid the hunting and eating of chimpanzees (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011)
|Ongoing (2011)
|-
|
|5.2. Gathering terrestrial plants
|Present
|
|Gathering of non-forest timber products permitted and regulated under the management plan (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011)
|Ongoing (2011)
|-
|
|5.3. Logging & wood harvesting
|Medium
|
|Large-sale logging in the 1980s which markedly changed the habitat composition (BirdLife International 2019)
|1980s
|-
|6. Human intrusions & disturbance
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|7.1. Fire & Fire suppression
|Medium
|
|Fire are set for clearing areas for agricultural use and grass regrowth (BirdLife International 2019, Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011)
|Ongoing (2011)
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
|10. Geological Events
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
| 11. Climate change & severe weather
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|12. Other options
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
= Conservation activities = <!-- a text overview of conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
In 1998 as part of the project “Projet de Conservation de Chimpanzés” local hunters were trained to collect monitoring data on the number and movement of chimpanzees in Nialama forest (Kormos et al. 2003). The aim was to develop a low-cost long-term monitoring system of chimpanzees (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011). Since 2000 a monthly, community-based monitoring system was implemented in the areas. In addition, in 1999 Nialama CF became the first forest in Guinea to be co-managed by local communities and the National Directorate of Water and Forests (DNEF) based on a legally binding agreement between the involved parties (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011). Co-management implied that local communities and government authorities jointly make land and resource-use decisions as a part of a management plan. Specifically, this included ensuring that community members and forestry agents implement management activities, such as clearing and maintaining fire buffers, wildlife monitoring, enforcing rules for the sustainable use of wildlife and plants, tree replanting and demarcating the classified forest. At the same part communities can use timber and non-timber forest products from the forest, receive financial and technical support for farming and agroforestry in selected areas, all in accordance with rules set forth in the management plan (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011). The project was funded by USAID until 2009. A study showed that habitat degradation was less prevalent in habitat that had been demarcated as critical for chimpanzees by the community-based project compared to other areas around Nialama CF (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011).
Noteworthy is also people’s traditional believes forbid the hunting and eating of chimpanzees, resulting in some level of protection to chimpanzees, but is not followed by all community members (Kormos et al. 2003, Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011).
'''Table 4: Conservation activities in Nialama Classified Forest'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
!Description <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
!Year of activity <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|2.11. Farm more intensively and effectively in selected areas and spare more natural land
|As part of co-management approach critical chimpanzee habitat was delineated, management plan exists, farmers received technical and financial support (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011)
|Since 1999
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5.16. Implement community control of patrolling, banning hunting and removing snares
|Hunting regulated as part of management plan (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011)
|Since 1999
|-
|6. Human intrusions & disturbance
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|10. Education & Awareness
|10.1. Educate local communities about primates and sustainable use
|Environmental awareness raising activities (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011)
|Since 1999
|-
|
|10.2. Involve local community in primate research and conservation management
|Community-based monitoring system of chimpanzees implemented (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011)
|Since 1998
|-
|11. Habitat Protection
|11.2. Legally protect primate habitat
|1) designated as Classified Forest (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2019), 2) co-management of forest (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2019)
|
|-
|
|11.8. Plant indigenous trees to re-establish natural tree communities in clear-cut areas
|Tree-replanting (PEGG 2012)
|Since 1999
|-
|12. Species Management
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
|13.1. Provide monetary benefits to local communities for sustainably managing their forest and its wildlife
|Villagers benefited from technical and financial support for farming and other livelihoods which led to increased income (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011)
|Since 1999
|-
|}
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
= Impediments = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->
Lack of transportation for members of the village committee and the National Directorate of Water and Forests was mentioned as an impediment to implementing the management plan (PEGG 2012). Members that were newly elected to the village committee after the conservation project stopped did not receive training and lack capacity to fulfil their tasks (PEGG 2012).
'''Table 5: Impediments reported for Nialama Classified Forest'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="impediments-table"
!align="left"|Impediment <!-- Do not change categories -->
!Source <!-- source for impediment mentioned -->
|-
|Lack of capacity/ training
|PEGG 2012
|-
|Lack of technical means
|PEGG 2012
|}
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
As detailed above surveys and long-term monitoring of chimpanzees has been implemented (Ham 1998, Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011). A study on amphibian diversity has also been done (Hillers at al. 2008).
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
'''Table 6: Great ape behaviors reported for Nialama Classified Forest'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
!align="left"|Behavior <!-- Do not change categories -->
!Source <!-- source for behavior -->
|-
|Not reported
|
|}
===Relevant datasets===
[http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal]
<br>
= References =
BirdLife International. 2019. Important Bird Areas factsheet: Nialama. Online: [http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/nialama-iba-guinea www.birdlife.org]<br>
Carter J. 2000. Les Chimpanzés de Guinée. Une etude pour une survie: Nyalama et Pita. Unpublished report for the US Agency for International Development, Conakry, Republic of Guinea, the Direction Nationale des Eaux et Forets, Conakry, Guinea and Friends of Animals, USA.<br>
Kormos R et al. 2003. The Republic of Guinea, in Kormos, R. Boesch, C., Bakarr, M.I. & Butynski, T.M. [eds.] Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan, IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK<br>
Ham R. 1998. Nationwide chimpanzee census and large mammal survey Republic of Guinea. Projet de conservation des chimpanzés en Guineée. Report to the European Union. <br>
Hillers A et al. 2008. A preliminary assessment of the amphibians of the Fouta Djallon, Guinea, West Africa. Salamandra, 44:2, 113-122.<br>
PEGG. 2012 Current state of the classified and co-managed forests of Balayan Souroumba, Nialama, Sincery Oursa and Souti Yanfou. Program in Environmental Governance in Guinea for Capacity Building and Biodiversity Conservation. A rapid assessment conducted by PEGG, in collaboration with DNEF, BGEEE, and COSIE<br>
Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011. Impacts of co-management on western chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) habitat and conservation in Nialama Classified Forest, Republic of Guinea: a satellite perspective. Biodiversity and Conservation 20:2745-2757<br>
UNEP-WCMC, IUCN. 2019. Protected Planet: The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA), Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN Online: [https://www.protectedplanet.net/317286 www.protectedplanet.net]<br>
<br>
'''Page completed by:''' A.P.E.S. Wiki Team '''Date:''' 07/06/2019 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
<br><br>