Changes

* Western chimpanzees ([https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15935/17989872 ''Pan troglodytes verus'']) are present in Sangaredi.  

* Western chimpanzees ([https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15935/17989872 ''Pan troglodytes verus'']) are present in Sangaredi.  

* It has been estimated that more than 200 individuals occurred in two neighboring mining concession prior to mining exploitations.  

* It has been estimated that more than 200 individuals occurred in two neighboring bauxite mining concessions prior to mining exploitations.  

* The chimpanzee population trend is very likely declining due to mining activities.  

* The chimpanzee population trend is very likely declining due to mining activities.  

* This site has a total size of 1542  km².  

* This site has a total size of 1542  km².  

* Key threats to chimpanzees are mining and logging.  

* Key threats to chimpanzees are mining and logging.  

* The following conservation activities were implemented by the WCF: environmental education and forest regeneration.

* The following conservation activities were implemented by the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation (WCF): environmental education (Club P.A.N. and theater plays) and forest regeneration.

* Sangaredi is a mining town and mining operations have been ongoing for several decades.

* Sangaredi is a mining town and mining operations have been ongoing for several decades.

= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->

= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->

Sangaredi is a mining town in the prefecture Boké in Guinea. Mining exploitation for bauxite began in 1973 and a railway connects the mining site to the port of Kamsar for the ore to be shipped overseas. Mining concessions around Sangaredi are owned by different mining companies, including the Bauxite Company of Guinea (CBG, owned by government of Guinea), Guinea Alumina Corporation and Halco, with the latter two being consortia owned by transnational mining companies with changing ownership over the years.

Sangaredi is a mining town in the prefecture Boké in Guinea. Mining exploitation for bauxite began in 1973 and a railway connects the mining site to the port of Kamsar for the ore to be shipped overseas. Mining concessions around Sangaredi are owned by different mining companies, including the Bauxite Company of Guinea (CBG, owned by the Government of Guinea), Guinea Alumina Corporation (GAC) and Halco, with the latter two being consortia owned by transnational mining companies with changing ownership over the years.

Sangaredi is characterized by moist savanna with gallery forests along rivers. However, decades of mining and intense anthropogenic influence, including agriculture, logging and hunting, led to large-scale degradation of ecosystems. Still, biodiversity surveys by [https://www.conservation.org/projects/Pages/Rapid-Assessment-Program.aspx Conservation International] and the [http://www.wildchimps.org  Wild Chimpanzee Foundation] confirmed the presence of different primate species including western chimpanzee  (''Pan troglodytes verus''), Temminck’s red colobus (''Piliocolobus temminckii''), green monkey (''Chlorocebus sabaeus''), sooty mangabey (''Cercocebus atys''), patas monkey (''Erythrocebus patas''), Campbell’s monkey (''Cercopithecus campbelli'') and galago (''Galagoides sp.'' ,Eriksson & Kpoghomou 2006, WCF 2015). In addition, 5 reptile, 17 amphibian, 140 bird and 16 non-primate mammal species were recorded during the Rapid Biological Assessment in 2005 at the site (Wright et al. 2006).

Sangaredi is characterized by moist savanna with gallery forests along rivers. However, decades of mining and intense anthropogenic influence, including agriculture, logging and hunting, led to large-scale degradation of ecosystems. Still, biodiversity surveys by [https://www.conservation.org/projects/Pages/Rapid-Assessment-Program.aspx Conservation International] and the [http://www.wildchimps.org  Wild Chimpanzee Foundation] confirmed the presence of different primate species including western chimpanzee  (''Pan troglodytes verus''), Temminck’s red colobus (''Piliocolobus temminckii''), green monkey (''Chlorocebus sabaeus''), sooty mangabey (''Cercocebus atys''), patas monkey (''Erythrocebus patas''), Campbell’s monkey (''Cercopithecus campbelli'') and galago (''Galagoides sp.'' ,Eriksson & Kpoghomou 2006, WCF 2015). In addition, 5 reptile, 17 amphibian, 140 bird and 16 non-primate mammal species were recorded during the Rapid Biological Assessment in 2005 at the site (Wright et al. 2006).

= Ape status =  <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->

= Ape status =  <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->

Sugiyama and Soumah (1988) and Ham (1998) confirmed the presence of western chimpanzees throughout Boké prefecture. As part of a rapid biological assessment in 2005 in Boulléré just to the west of Sangaredi the presence of western chimpanzees was established by Eriksson and Kpoghomou (2006). The [http://www.wildchimps.org  Wild Chimpanzee Foundation] corporated with Guinea Alumina Corporation (GAC) since 2008 to assess the impact of mining on chimpanzees in their mining concession, and suggested mitigation measures as part of a comprehensive management plan (WCF 2011, WCF 2015). In 2015 WCF started working with the Bauxite Company of Guinea (CBG) on a concession neighboring the GAC concession (CBG Halco concession). As part of these collaborations, the WCF monitored the local chimpanzee population across several years and estimated a total chimpanzee abundance of more than 200 individuals around Sangaredi. A population trend assessment showed stable population from 2008 until 2014 in the GAC concession (Kühl et al. 2017). But with starting mining exploitation in these concessions and the ensuing habitat destruction and increase in anthropogenic pressure, the chimpanzee population is now very likely declining (WCF 2015).

Sugiyama and Soumah (1988) and Ham (1998) confirmed the presence of western chimpanzees throughout Boké prefecture. As part of a rapid biological assessment in 2005 in Boulléré just to the west of Sangaredi the presence of western chimpanzees was established by Eriksson and Kpoghomou (2006). The [http://www.wildchimps.org  Wild Chimpanzee Foundation] corporates with Guinea Alumina Corporation (GAC) since 2008 to assess the impact of mining on chimpanzees in their mining concession, and suggested mitigation measures (offset) as part of a comprehensive management plan (WCF 2011, WCF 2015). In 2015 WCF started working with the Bauxite Company of Guinea (CBG) on a concession neighboring the GAC concession (CBG Halco concession). As part of these collaborations, the WCF monitored the local chimpanzee population across several years and estimated a total chimpanzee abundance of more than 200 individuals around Sangaredi. A population trend assessment showed stable population from 2008 until 2014 in the GAC concession (Kühl et al. 2017). Nevertheless, with starting mining exploitation in these concessions and the ensuing habitat destruction and increase in anthropogenic pressures, the chimpanzee population is now very likely declining (WCF 2015).

= Threats =    <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->

= Threats =    <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->

As mining operations have been ongoing since 1973 the ecosystem is strongly impacted by anthropogenic pressure, especially logging and charring, agriculture, mining, and the presence of settlements, as well as hunting and fishing, and livestock (WCF 2014, WCF 2015). Mining exploitation was planned to start by 2016 in the GAC concession, but the current status is unclear. However, chimpanzee habitat has already been destroyed in the mining concession (WCF 2015). In connection with the mining project concerns have also been raised in relation to social issues (e.g., work insecurity, loss of livelihoods, displacement, corruption), environmental damage by pollution (air, soil, water), crop damage and changes in the hydrology (Environmental Justice Atlas 2019).

As mining operations have been ongoing since 1973 the ecosystem is strongly impacted by anthropogenic pressures, especially logging and charring, agriculture, mining, the construction of roads, the presence of settlements, as well as hunting and fishing, and livestock keeping (WCF 2014, WCF 2015). Mining exploitation was planned to start by 2016 in the GAC concession, but the current status is unclear. However, chimpanzee habitat has already been destroyed in the mining concession (WCF 2015). In connection with the mining project, concerns have been raised in relation to social issues (e.g., work insecurity, loss of livelihoods, displacement, and corruption), environmental damage by pollution (air, soil, and water), crop damage and changes in the hydrology (Environmental Justice Atlas 2019).  

= Conservation activities =      <!-- a text overview of conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->

= Conservation activities =      <!-- a text overview of conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->

Since 2008, the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation collaborated with the Guinea Alumina Project (GAP) to develop and implement a management plan to first minimize negative impact on chimpanzees and offset any damage (WCF 2011). In 2011 the WCF proposed a management plan that was informed by the annual monitoring surveys that WCF conducted since 2009 (see above). When the ownership of the mining company changed, area proposed for exploitation changed to the southwestern part of the concession and a new management plan was proposed by the WCF (WCF 2015). It is not clear which part of the management plan is or was implemented. As part of their engagement, the WCF conducted different environmental education activities: an extracurricular environmental education program at schools (Club P.A.N. program), theater tour, environmental newsletter, and chimpanzee film screenings (WCF 2011, WCF 2012, WCF 2014, WCF 2015). Community consultation revealed that water is key for local agricultural activities, and in collaboration with local communities the WCF started a program to protect three water sources in the area by protecting the habitat around the water sources – but it is not clear whether protection was implemented (WCF 2014, 2015). In 2015, the WCF established a plant nursery with 25,000 plants to be replanted around three water sources (WCF 2015).

Since 2008, the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation collaborates with the Guinea Alumina Project (GAP) to develop and implement a management plan to first minimize negative impacts on chimpanzees and offset any damage (WCF 2011). In 2011, the WCF proposed a management plan that was informed by the annual monitoring surveys that WCF conducted since 2009 (see above). When the ownership of the mining company changed, the area proposed for exploitation changed to the southwestern part of the concession and a new management plan was proposed by the WCF (WCF 2015). It is not clear which part of the management plan is or was implemented. As part of their engagement, the WCF conducted different environmental education activities: an extracurricular environmental education program at schools (Club P.A.N. program), theater tour, environmental newsletter, and chimpanzee film screenings (WCF 2011, WCF 2012, WCF 2014, WCF 2015). Community consultations revealed that water is key for local agricultural activities, and in collaboration with local communities the WCF started a program to protect three water sources in the area by protecting the habitat around the water sources – but it is not clear whether protection was implemented (WCF 2014, 2015). In 2015, the WCF established a plant nursery with 25,000 plants to be replanted around three water sources (WCF 2015).  

|10.1. Educate local communities about primates and sustainable use

|10.1. Educate local communities about primates and sustainable use

|Activities at schools (Club P.A.N. program) and villages (theater, film) (WCF 2011, 2012, 2014, 2015)

|Activities at schools (Club P.A.N. program) and villages (theater, film) (WCF 2011, 2012, 2014, 2015)

|2010-2015

|2010-2015

|-

|-

<br>

<br>

'''Page completed by:''' A.P.E.S. Wiki Team '''Date:''' 25/06/2019  <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->

'''Page completed by:''' A.P.E.S. Wiki Team & Julia Riedel '''Date:''' 25/11/2019  <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->

<br><br>

<br><br>