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rather than several keywords such as "Industrial mining", "Large-scale mining", and "Mining". [[File: Map_GIN_KankanFR_georef_20200121.png | 400px | thumb| right |Kankan Faunal Reserve (Guinea) © A.P.E.S. Wiki Team]]
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[[West Africa]] > [[Republic of Guinea]] > [[Kankan Faunal Reserve]]
[[West Africa]] > [[Republic of Guinea]] > [[Kankan Faunal Reserve]]
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->
* Western chimpanzees ([https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15935/17989872 ''Pan troglodytes verus'']) are present in Kankan Faunal Reserve.
* Western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus'') are present in Kankan Faunal Reserve.
* Chimpanzee densities are too low to estimate the total size of the population.
* Chimpanzee densities are too low to estimate the total size of the population.
* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
Kankan Faunal Reserve is part of the Sankarani-Fié Ramsar, situated within the Sankarani River basin ([https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1167 Ramsar 2017]). This Ramsar site is characterized by important fish spawning grounds (Ramsar 2017).
Kankan Faunal Reserve is part of the Sankarani-Fié Ramsar, situated within the Sankarani River basin ([https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1167 Ramsar 2017]). This Ramsar site is characterized by important fish spawning grounds (Ramsar 2017).
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Kankan Faunal Reserve'''
'''Table 1: Basic site information for Kankan Faunal Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
|Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
|Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
|-
|-
|Coordinates
|Coordinates
|9.77 N, 8.38 W
|9.77, -8.38
|-
|-
|Designation <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc. -->
|Designation <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc. -->
|Dry savanna, permanent rivers, arable land
|Dry savanna, permanent rivers, arable land
|}
|}
[http://www.unitar.org/hiroshima/sites/unitar.org.hiroshima/files/Annex%201%20-%20IUCN%20Classification%20Schemes.pdf IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
= Ape status = <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
= Ape status = <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
In the nationwide chimpanzee survey, Rebecca Kormos found no signs of chimpanzees in the northern part of Kankan Faunal Reserve and suggested that chimpanzee might be extinct in the area or persist at very low numbers (Ham 1998). According to Fleury-Brugière & Brugière (2010), a survey by Dufour (2007) observed chimpanzee nests in the southern part of the reserve. In 2009 the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation surveyed the central part of the reserve, but found no signs of chimpanzees on the 74 km of transects that were surveyed (WCF 2012). The survey team also conducted a questionnaire survey and local residents reported that chimpanzees are present in the area. The WCF team also encountered a small group of chimpanzees the western sector of Kankan, and one group in the northern part of the reserve (WCF 2012).
In the nationwide chimpanzee survey, Rebecca Kormos found no signs of chimpanzees in the northern part of Kankan Faunal Reserve and suggested that chimpanzee might be extinct in the area or persist at very low numbers (Ham 1998). According to Fleury-Brugière & Brugière (2010), a survey by Dufour (2007) observed chimpanzee nests in the southern part of the reserve. In 2009 the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation surveyed the central part of the reserve, but found no signs of chimpanzees on the 74 km of transects that were surveyed (WCF 2012). The survey team also conducted a questionnaire survey and local residents reported that chimpanzees are present in the area. The WCF team also encountered a small group of chimpanzees the western sector of Kankan, and one group in the northern part of the reserve (WCF 2012).
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Kankan Faunal Reserve'''
'''Table 2: Great ape population estimates in Kankan Faunal Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
! Species
! Species
! Year
! Year
! Abundance estimate (95% confidence interval)
! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
! Density estimate (per km²)
! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
! Area
! Area
There are approximately 17,000 people living in the reserve (WCF 2012). During their survey of the northern part of Kankan, the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation found agriculture to be the most prevalent threat, with 0.77 signs/km, followed by roads (WCF 2012). However, there were only few signs of hunting and wood extraction (WCF 2012). In contrast, the evaluation of management effectiveness of protected areas based on questionnaires found poaching to be an important threat (METT 2009). Most human activities were found in the western part of the reserve close to the town of Kankan (WCF 2012).
There are approximately 17,000 people living in the reserve (WCF 2012). During their survey of the northern part of Kankan, the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation found agriculture to be the most prevalent threat, with 0.77 signs/km, followed by roads (WCF 2012). However, there were only few signs of hunting and wood extraction (WCF 2012). In contrast, the evaluation of management effectiveness of protected areas based on questionnaires found poaching to be an important threat (METT 2009). Most human activities were found in the western part of the reserve close to the town of Kankan (WCF 2012).
'''Table 3. Threats to great apes in Kankan Faunal Reserve'''
'''Table 3: Threats to great apes in Kankan Faunal Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
|-
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|1. Residential & commercial development
|1.1. Housing & urban areas
|1.1 Housing & urban areas
|Medium
|Medium
|
|
|-
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|2.1. Annual & Perennial Non-Timber Crops
|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
|High
|High
|0.77 signs of agriculture/km (56 signs of agriculture, survey effort: 73.138 km, WCF 2012)
|0.77 signs of agriculture/km (56 signs of agriculture, survey effort: 73.138 km, WCF 2012)
|-
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|4.1. Roads & railroads
|4.1 Roads & railroads
|High
|High
|0.72 roads/km (53 roads, survey effort: 73.138 km, WCF 2012)
|0.72 roads/km (53 roads, survey effort: 73.138 km, WCF 2012)
|-
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5. Biological resource use
|5.1. Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
|Medium
|Medium
|0.07 signs of hunting/km (5 signs of hunting, survey effort: 73.138 km, WCF 2012)
|0.07 signs of hunting/km (5 signs of hunting, survey effort: 73.138 km, WCF 2012)
|-
|-
|
|
|5.3. Logging & wood harvesting
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
|Low
|Low
|0.01 signs of wood extraction/km (1 sign of wood extraction, survey effort: 73.138 km, WCF 2012)
|0.01 signs of wood extraction/km (1 sign of wood extraction, survey effort: 73.138 km, WCF 2012)
|-
|-
|
|
|5.4. Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources
|5.4 Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources
|Medium
|Medium
|
|
|-
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|7. Natural system modifications
|7.1. Fire & Fire suppression
|7.1 Fire & fire suppression
|Medium
|Medium
|0.01 signs of fire/km (1 sign of fire, survey effort: 73.138 km, WCF 2012)
|0.01 signs of fire/km (1 sign of fire, survey effort: 73.138 km, WCF 2012)
The non-governmental organization [http://www.non-nobis.org/index.php Non Nobis] is active in the western part of Kankan. This area is called “Diwasi”. The NGO is especially active in the fields of sanitation and education. It is not clear what kind of environmental activities are or have been implemented. The NGO, however, seems to propose to create a protected area. It has also been suggested that a privately owned protected area for game hunting will be created but the specificity and who is leading these efforts is not clear (WCF 2012).
The non-governmental organization [http://www.non-nobis.org/index.php Non Nobis] is active in the western part of Kankan. This area is called “Diwasi”. The NGO is especially active in the fields of sanitation and education. It is not clear what kind of environmental activities are or have been implemented. The NGO, however, seems to propose to create a protected area. It has also been suggested that a privately owned protected area for game hunting will be created but the specificity and who is leading these efforts is not clear (WCF 2012).
'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Kankan Faunal Reserve'''
'''Table 4: Conservation activities in Kankan Faunal Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
= Impediments = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->
The report on the evaluation of management activities stated that the park employees are paid by the state but that there is no additional budget to manage the park. It also stated a lack of infrastructure and equipment (METT 2009).
The report on the evaluation of management activities stated that the park employees are paid by the state but that there is no additional budget to manage the park. It also stated a lack of infrastructure and equipment (METT 2009).
'''Table 5: Impediments reported for Kankan Faunal Reserve'''
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Kankan Faunal Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="impediments-table"
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="impediments-table"
!align="left"|Impediment <!-- Do not change categories -->
!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
!Source <!-- source for impediment mentioned -->
!Source <!-- source for impediment mentioned -->
|-
|-
'''Table 6: Great ape behaviors reported for Kankan Faunal Reserve'''
'''Table 6. Great ape behaviors reported for Kankan Faunal Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
!align="left"|Behavior <!-- Do not change categories -->
!align="left"|Behavior <!-- Do not change categories -->
|}
|}
= References =
= References =